Energy Density in Quark-Gluon Plasma

We study the energy density in quark-gluon plasma. At the very high temperature, the quark matter is a hot and dense matter in the colour deconfinement condition, and quarks can coalescent diquarks. Energy density of this system is worked out and compared with the energy density in the other two kinds of situations. Possible energy density is about ε0≈2.4 GeV/fm^3 according to our estimation for quark matter including diquarks.     

Striations in Plasma Display Panel

The phenomenon of striation has been investigated experimentally in a macroscopic ac-plasma display panel （PDP）. The relationship between the characteristics of striation and the operation conditions including voltage, frequency, rib, and electrode configuration, etc is obtained experimentally. The origin of the striations is considered to be the ionization waves in the transient positive column near the dielectric surface in the anode area during the discharge, and the perturbation is caused by resonance kinetic effects in inert gas.     

Radiation Heat Waves in Gold Plasma

Eight beams 0.35μm laser with pulse duration of about 1.0ns and energy of 260J per beam was injected into a cylindrical cavity to generate intense x-ray radiation on the “Shengguang Ⅱ“ high power laser facility.Gold foils with a thickness in the range of 0.09-0.52μm were attached on the diagnostic hole of the cavity and ablated by the intense x-ray radiation.The propagating radiation heat wave in the high-Z gold plasma was observed clearly.For comparison,we also simulated the experimental results.     

Modelling of a Multi-Temperature Plasma Composition

Knowledge of plasma composition is very important for various plasma applications and prediction of plasma properties. We use the Saha equation and Debye length equation to calculate the non-local thermodynamic-equilibrium plasma composition. It has been shown that the model to 2T with T representing the temperature （electron temperature and heavy-particle temperature） described by Chen and Han [J. Phys. D 32 （1999）1711] can be applied for a mixture of gases, where each atomic species has its own temperature, but the model to 4T is more general because it can be applicable to temperatures distant enough of the heavy particles. This can occur in a plasma composed of big- or macro-molecules. The electron temperature Te varies in the range 8000＊20000K at atmospheric pressure.     

Sheath Structure of an Electronegative Plasma

We investigate the sheath structure of an electronegative plasma at steady state with the assumptions of cold positive ions and hot negative ions. The modified Bohm criterion is obtained with the Sagdeev potential by introducing a modified ion sound velocity. At the same time the electric potential, net space charge and particles densities in the sheath are analysed in several cases of different temperature ratios of electrons to negative ions and different density ratios of negative ions to positive ions.     

Spectrum Simulation of Li-Like Aluminium Plasma

X-ray emission spectra for L-shell of Li-like aluminium ions are simulated by using the flexible atomic code based on the collisional radiative model. Atomic processes including radiative recombination, dielectronic recombination, collisional ionization and resonance excitation from the neighbouring ion （Al^9＋ and Al^11＋ ） charge states of the target ion （Al^10＋） are considered in the model. In addition, the contributions of different atomic processes to the x-ray spectrum are analysed. The results show that dielectronic recombination, radiative recombination, collisional ionization and resonance excitation, other than direct collisional excitation, are very important processes.     

Topological Plasma Transport from a Diffusion View

Recent studies have identified plasma as a topological material. Yet, these researches often depict plasma as a fluid governed by electromagnetic fields, i.e., a classical wave system. Indeed, plasma transport can be characterized by a unique diffusion process distinguished by its collective behaviors. We adopt a simplified diffusion-migration method to elucidate the topological plasma transport. Drawing parallels to the thermal conduction-convection system, we introduce a double-ring model to i...     

Voids in an Experimental Dusty Plasma System

Various dusty voids are observed in a gas discharge dusty plasma system. They appear at the earlier stage of particle growth. Both the regular and irregular voids are observed in two and three dimensions. Regular voidsobs erved in two dimensions include circular shapes and thin ring shapes. Regular voids in three dimensions appear dome-shaped and shell-shaped.     

Sheet Plasma Produced by Hollow Cathode Discharge

A sheet plasma is produced by a hollow cathode discharge under an axial magnetic field. The plasma is about40cm in length, 4cm in width and 1 cm in thickness. The electron density is about 10^8cm^-3. The hollow cathodeis made to be shallow with a large opening, which is different from the ordinary deep hollow cathode. A Langmuirprobe is used to detect the plasma. The electron density and the spatial distribution of the plasma change whenvoltage, pressure and the magnetic field vary. A peak and a data fluctuation at about 200 G-300 G are observedin the variation of electron density (or thickness of the sheet plasma) with the magnetic field. Our work will behelpful in characterizing the sheet plasma and will make the production of dense sheet plasma more controllable.     

Stability of Rayleigh-Taylor Vortices in Dusty Plasma

The evolution of Rayleigh-Taylor mode in dusty plasma with vortex-flow is investigated. Based on fluid theory and Bayly＇s method, we derive the coupling equations describing the Rayleigh-Taylor mode in the core of vortex, and research the evolution characteristics of the perturbation amplitude with time numerically. It is shown that the eccentric of vortex and the content of dust have considerable effects on the amplitude evolutions.     

Stimulated Raman Scattering in Bi-temperature Vlasov Plasma

We obtain the nonlinear coupling equations for describing stimulating Raman scattering (SRS) of ultra-intense laser beam starting from the relativistic Vlasov-Maxwell equations. It is found that the relativistic electrons play an important role in the inhibition of the SRS instability and the growth rate of backward SRS strongly decreases with the increasing number of relativistic electrons.     

Electron Density Fluctuation in a Dusty Plasma

The expressions of electron density fluctuation produced by dust particles in a dusty plasma are derived.It is shown that the fluctuation comes from three different sources.The first source is the thermal motion of the dust particles,which is of a fluctuation power spectrum proportional to ndZ^2.The second source is the charge change of the dust particles,which is of a power spectrum proportional to nd^2Z%3.The third source is the eigenmode oscillation of the dust particles,which is of fluctuation power spectrum proportional to √nd.The powerful electron density fluctuation exists in a dusty plasma due to the fact that the dust particles ar highly charged.The results may explain the strong electromagnetic scattering by a space dust layer in the Earth‘s mesosphere.     

Semiclassical Model of Quark—Gluon Plasma

A semiclassical model of a gluon—quark plasma (QGP) is provided. The spinof the quark is described by an antisymmetric tensor S and color charges,and spin tensor are defined as semiclassical numbers. The transport propertiesof QGP in color space and spin space are investigated. The consistency of thesemiclassical model and the quantum models of QGP is discussed.     

Tetraquarks Production in Quark-Gluon Plasma with Diquarks

We present a way to calculate tetraquarks ratios for quark gluon plasma with diquarks, The ratios of tetraquarks over baryons produced from quark matter are high than hadronic gas model limits. It is a better way to search for four-quark states in relativistic heavy ion collisions. It may become a criterion to judge whether quark-gluon plasma has formed to search for four-quark states in relativistic heavy ion collisions.     

Progress in Plasma Diagnostics and Physics Experiment

The development of eight new diagnostic systems and the improvement of the laser Thomson scattering system contributed to the experimental campaign on HL-2A in 2006. Besides, the accuracy and flexibility of the molecular beam injection （MBI） system was improved greatly by using the special driver and controller, it is more convenient for studies such as particle transport. In the field of plasma physics experiment, the features of 3-D GAM zonal flows were further studied and some signs of low frequency zonal flows were observed. In the ECRH experiments, the effects of ECRH on sawtooth activities and m/n= 1/1 mode were studied under different plasma discharge conditions. The effect of MBI during ECRH on plasma behavior, such as non-local heat transport, was also studied.     

Progress in Plasma Theory and Simulation Researches

2006＇s research work in the Plasma Theory and Simulation Division was unfolded mainly around the following two aspects. First, the numerical simulations, supporting the modification of HL-2A and the experiments of HL-2A, were carried out. Secondly, some hot theoretical subjects, such as the interaction between electron temperature gradient turbulence and steamer and the formation mechanism of magnetohydrodynamics （MHD） flow and transport barriers were investigated numerically.     

Properties and Structure of a Plasma Non-Neutral Shock

The shock is described by the Navier-Stokes equations of the electron and ion fluids, and coupled with Poisson‘s equation for the self-induced electric field. Profiles of the flow and electric variables in the weak or moderate shock front with or without current for different Debye lengths are presented. Comparison of profiles of flow and electric variables in the front for different heat flow modes is given.     

Collective Oscillation of Relativistic Electrons in Hot Plasma

The interactions between relativistic electrons in a hot plasma are analysed theoretically. By splitting the electron density fluctuations into the individual part and the collective part, we are concerned with the collective oscillation of the relativistic electrons resulting from the Coulomb interactions. Consequently, we derive the frequency of the hot plasma and the “Debye length“ with relativistic modification.     

Quintic Nonlinearity Induced Solitary Waves in Plasma Physics

The quintic nonlinearity is important in the study of the nonlinear interaction between Langmuir waves and electrons in plasma.Using the pseudoenergy approach,five types of solitary wave solution are obtained explicitly. Only one of these is the modification of the soliton of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation and can be treated perturbatively.However,other four types of solitary wave solution are all induced by the quintic nonlinearity and cannot be treated perturbatively from the solutions of the cubic nonlinear Schrodinger equation.     

Two-Dimensional One-Component Plasma on Flamm’s Paraboloid

We study the classical non-relativistic two-dimensional one-component plasma at Coulomb coupling Γ=2 on the Riemannian surface known as Flamm’s paraboloid which is obtained from the spatial part of the Schwarzschild metric. At this special value of the coupling constant, the statistical mechanics of the system are exactly solvable analytically. The Helmholtz free energy asymptotic expansion for the large system has been found. The density of the plasma, in the thermodynamic limit, has been carefully studied in various situations.