Ethylene hydrogenation in electrochemical cell with solid proton-conducting electrolyte

The effect of electrochemical H⁺ pumping on the hydrogenation rate of ethylene on Ni electrode catalysts in a solid proton-conducting electrolyte cell has been studied.

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Ni — .

     

Catalytic conversion of dimethylsulfide to methylmercaptan

The effect of reaction conditions on the methylmercaptan formation from dimethylsulfide in H₂S catalyzed by -Al₂O₃ has been studied. The reaction is first order with respect to dimethylsulfide. It has been revealed that the maximum activity in this reaction is observed for the catalysts whose surface contains a large number of aprotonic acid centers and moderate-strength basic sites.

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-Al₂O₃. , . . , , .

     

The thermal behaviour of cis-1,4-polyisoprene in the presence of cobalt salt

The effects of synthetic fatty acids (Versatic 10, average formula C₁₁H₂₂O₂) and the cobalt salts of these acids (cobalt siccative) on the thermal properties of cis-1,4-polyisoprene were examined, using a rheometer and a derivatograph. It was found that both Versatic 10 and the cobalt siccative accelerate the peroxide vulcanization of the isoprene rubber considerably, simultaneously decreasing the cross-linking density and increasing the sol fraction content in the vulÇanizates. This is brought about by parallel radical and ionic decomposition of the peroxide initiator in the presence of these compounds. The addition of Versatic 10 or the cobalt siccative to the polyisoprene rubber does not alter the general character of its thermal changes, but decreases the temperatures of these processes and the degradation degree of the elastomer.

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Zusammenfassung Der Einfluss synthetischer Fettsäuren (Versatic 10, mittlere Summenformel C₁₁H₂₂O₂) und ihres Kobaltsalzes (Kobalt-Sikkativ) auf die thermischen Eigenschaften von cis-1,4-Polyisopren wurde mittels Rheometer und Derivatograph untersucht. Sowohl Versatic 10 als auch das Kobaltsikkativ beschleunigen die Peroxid-initiierte Vulkanisation des Isoprenkautschuk, gleichzeitig wird die Vernetzungsdichte verringert und der Gehalt an löslichen Stoffen in den Vulkanisaten erhöht. Ursache dafür ist der parallelle Ablauf der radikalischen und ionischen Zersetzung des Peroxids in Gegenwart der Zusätze. Die Beimengung von Versatic 10 oder Kobaltsikkativ zum Polyisoprenkautschuk ändert nicht den allgemeinen Charakter der thermischen Umwandlungen, aber die Temperatur dieser Reaktionen und der Abbau des Elastomeren werden verringert.

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, C₁₁H₂O₂ ( 10) -1,4-. , 10, , . . 10 , , .

     

Radical addition of methyldichlorosilane to vinyl acetate

The GC-MS method was used to identify the addition products of methyldichlorosilane to vinyl acetate. Radiation-induced addition of methyldichlorosilane to vinyl acetate produces 2-methyldichlorosilylethyl ethyl ether. The reaction follows a radical-chain mechanism. The ratio of the rate constants of methyldichlorosilyl radical addition to C=C and C=O to vinyl acetate amounts to 0.4±0.1 (303 K).

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- . , - 2- . , C=C C=O 0,4±0,1.

     

Mössbauer study of the thermal decompositions of alkaline earth tris(oxalato)ferrates(III)

The thermal decompositions of alkaline earth tris(oxalato)ferrates(III) (Mg, Ca, Sr and Ba) have been studied by Mössbauer spectroscopy and other techniques. During the thermal decomposition, dehydration occurs first, followed by reduction to iron(II) species, and oxides and ferrites (MFe^IIIO₄) are then formed at higher temperature. In the case of strontium tris(oxalato)ferrate(III), strontium ferrite (SrFe^IVO₄) is formed at 700°.

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Zusammenfassung Die thermische Zersetzung von Tris(oxalato)ferraten(III) der Erdalkalimetalle (Mg, Ca, Sr, Ba) wurde durch Mössbauer-Spektroskopie und andere Techniken untersucht. Im Verlaufe der thermischen Zersetzung verläuft zunächst die Dehydratisierung, gefolgt von der Reduktion zu Eisen(II)-Species. Oxide und Ferrite (MFe^IIIO₄) werden danach bei höheren Temperaturen gebildet. Strontium-tris(oxalato)-ferrat(III) geht bei 700 °C in Strontiumferrit (SrFe^IVO₄) über.

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() () , , ë . , , MFe^IIIO₄. 700° SrFe^IVO₄.

     

Changes in the catalytic properties of a multicomponent molybdenum catalyst under vibro-fluidized catalyst bed conditions

Activation effect of oxidative dehydrogenation of butene-l on a multicomponent molybdenum catalyst at various temperatures has been studied by pulse and flow techniques. It is shown that under vibrofluidization not only reactive but also adsorption properties of the catalyst surface change. Oxygen consumption in the reaction process has been examined.

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-1 . , , . .

     

IR study of 1-hexene isomerization on HZSM-5 zeolites

In the IR spectra of 1-hexene adsorbed on HZSM-5 zeolites with different Si/Al ratios, a new band at 1510 cm^–1 has been observed. The cis/trans-2-hexene and trans-2-hexene/1-hexene ratios were determined.

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1-, HZSM-5 Si/Al, 1510 cm^–1. /-2- -2-/1-.

     

Application of thermal analysis in the study of alkyd-allyl moulding compounds

Alkyd-allyl moulding compounds containing diallyl orthophthalate as networking monomer and five other unsaturated polyester resins were investigated by DTA. Analysis of DTA curves allowed choice of the alkyds forming well-cured moulding compounds within the investigated monomer. The thermal resistance and acetone absorption of the cured sample confirmed the choice of the alkyd.The influence of 6 different powder fillers on the exothermic effect of curing of alkydallyl moulding compounds was evaluated by DTA.

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Zusammenfassung Mittels DTA wurde die HÄrtung von Alkyd-Allyl Pre\massen aus o-Diallylphthalat und fünf Polyestern untersucht. Anhand der DTA-Kurven konnten gut gehÄrtete Pre\massen ergebende Alkyde ausgewÄhlt werden. Thermische StabilitÄt (TG) und Acetonaufnahme bestÄtigen die ZuverlÄssigkeit dieser Auswahlmethode. Mit dieser Methode wurde auch der Einflu\ von sechs verschiedenen Füllstoffen auf die WÄrmeeffekte des HÄrtungsprozesses bestimmt.

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— - . , . . - .

     

Effect of the roughness factor on the surface oxidation of ruthenium catalysts

The surface oxidation of ruthenium catalysts with different roughness factor values has been analyzed. It is shown that electro formation of oxidized species on the exposed surface of ruthenium is strongly affected by the rougher characteristics of the surface. This effect has been explained through the addition and removal of protons to and from the oxidized species.

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. , . .

     

Potassium addition to Fe/MgO, Ni/MgO and Ni/SiO2: Reducibility, dispersity and stabilization of the promoter by the support

The influence of potassium addition on the morphological properties of Fe/MgO and Ni/MgO has been investigated: KNO₃ addition to precursors results in a decrease of the reducibility and in a smaller dispersity of the metallic phase. A loss of potassium is observed at reduction temperatures in excess of 773 K. Silica-supported Ni behaves differently: silica inhibits the potassium volatilization and nickel reducibility is enhanced. This illustrates how promoter effects can be influenced by the nature of support.

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Fe/MgO Ni/MgO: KNO₃ . , 773 K. , : . .

     

Quantitative determination by differential thermal analysis of the heat liberated in the thermoluminescence of natural calcite

The paper presents results of the experimental determination of the quantity of heat liberated during the thermoluminesence (TL) of natural calcite.As the method for experimental investigation, quantitative differential thermal analysis was used, in which the reference was natural calcite which had previously been thermally treated at 623 K for 60 min to eliminate the TL effect.It was established that during the TL of natural calcite 7.11 J/g is liberated, which is in accordance with results obtained by estimating possible values of the concentration of charge carriers at trapping centers and the energy liberated by elementary recombination process.

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Zusammenfassung Die Ergebnisse der experimentellen Bestimmung der während des TL-Prozesses von natürlichem Calcit freigesetzten Währmemenge werden vorgestellt.Bei den Versuchen wurde die quantitative Differentialthermoanalyse mit natürlichem Calcit als Referenzsubstanz eingesetzt, welcher vorher bei 623 K 60 Minuten zur Eliminierung des TL-Effekts thermisch behandelt worden war.Es wurde festgestellt, dass während des TL-Prozesses von natürlichem Calcit 7.11 J/g freigesetzt wurden. Dies stimmt mit den durch Schätzung der möglichen Konzentrationswerte der Änderungsträger in den Einschlusszentren und der durch elementare Rekombinationsprozesse freigesetzten Energie erhaltenen Ergebnissen überein.

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, . , , 60 . 623 . , 7.11 / , , .

     

Determination of hydroxyl groups and/or water on the surface of oxide catalysts by a pulse chromatographic method

A pulse chromatographic method based on the reaction of gaseous dimethylzinc tetrahydrofura nate was developed for the determination of surface hydroxyl groups and/or adsorbed water in solid porous materials. The procedure is rapid and gives results comparable to other methods. Some heterogeneous catalysts and supports have been analyzed.

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, , / , . , . .

     

Oxidative dehydrogenation (OXD) of n-butane I. Activity of natural quartz II. Kinetic and catalytic activity of nickel oxides

The oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane on nickel oxide catalysts and on natural quartz, used as catalysts diluent, were studied. It is assumed that oxygen ions from the oxide lattice participate in the initial step of the reaction.

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- , . , .

     

Calculation of the heat of copper cluster formation in MgO lattice by the interacting bonds method

The heat of formation of some copper clusters in a MgO lattice has been calculated by the interacting bonds method.

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MgO.

     

Interaction of PM12?nVnO40?(3+n) (M=Mo, W) heteropoly complexes with nitrogen oxide

In aqueous solution, PM_12–nV_nO₄₀ ^–(3+n) (M=Mo,W) hetero-polyanions provide a much faster oxidation of NO than mononuclear VO ₂ ⁺ ions, yielding HNO₂, NO ₃ ^– and reduced HPA.

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, PM_12–nV_nO₄₀ ^–(3+n) (M=Mo,W) , VO ₂ ⁺ , NO HNO₂ NO ₃ ^– .

     

Decomposition of dimethyl sulfide in the presence of Al2O3, and catalyst deactivation

The catalytic decomposition of dimethyl sulfide has been studied over the temperature range of 400–500 °C. The main reaction products are methylmercaptane, H₂S and methane. Catalyst deactivation is due to its coking during the reaction. The possibility of oxidative catalyst regeneration at 550 °C has been shown.

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400–500°C. , . , . 550°C.

     

Molecular orbital study of the catalytic oxidation of propylene on silver

Analysis of the MINDO/2 reaction coordinates concerning the decomposition of the propylene perepoxide radical anion to propylene oxide and propylene peroxide makes it possible to explain the fundamental differences of ethylene and propylene oxidation on silver catalyst.

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/2 - ( ) .

     

Intermediate oxygen-containing compounds in oxidative condensation of methane over sodium-manganese catalysts

CH₂O conversion over sodium-manganese oxide and oxychloride catalysts in methane dehydrodimerization have been studied under unsteady-state conditions at high temperatures (600–750 °C). It has been established that formaldehyde conversions produce deep oxidation (CO, CO₂), condensation (C₂H₄, C₂H₆) and methanation products through CH₃O^– formation and decomposition.

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(600–750°C) CH₂O - . , (CO, CO₂) (C₂H₄, C₂H₆), , CH₃O^–.

     

Relaxation of the rate of o-xylene oxidation to phthalic anhydride on vanadium catalysts

Based on numerical analysis of experimental data, the main ideas of the reaction mechanism have been confirmed and kinetic principles of the non-steady=state reaction have been determined.

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, .

     

Comparative analysis of catalytic properties of 3d metal acetylacetonates in liquid-phase oxidation of dibenzyl ether

Studies of the liquid-phase oxidation of dibenzyl ether in the presence of 12 acetylacetonates of 3d metals and a comparative analysis of the dependence of the catalytic activity and selectivity of chelates on the atomic number and valence state have been carried out.

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12 3d . .