自旋阻挫重费米子体系中的量子相变

近藤效应和RKKY交换相互作用的竞争决定了多数重费米子化合物的基态性质。通过压力、磁场等非热力学参量调控,该类材料能够在绝对零温附近实现费米液体和磁有序相之间的连续转变,提供了研究量子相变的理想平台。另一方面,在绝缘的量子磁体中,自旋阻挫引起的量子涨落抑制低温下长程磁有序的发生,导致自旋液体相等新奇物态的产生。在近藤晶格中引入自旋阻挫将给重费米子材料提供一个新的调控维度,深刻改变该类材料的量子临界相图,是重费米子材料领域的一个新颖研究方向。文章首先介绍阻挫重费米子体系的研究背景,然后针对Ce Pd Al的物性展开讨论,探讨阻挫对重费米子材料量子临界物性的影响以及量子临界相的普适性。     

重费米子超导

重费米子材料作为典型的强关联电子体系,具有丰富的物理内涵。重费米子超导也因复杂的电子间相互作用而具有多种不同的超导配对机理。文章以几个典型的重费米子超导体(CeCu_2Si_2、CeMIn_5、UTe_2)为例,介绍其基本物理性质,其中重点讨论超导与反铁磁、铁磁之间密不可分的竞争/共存关系。另外,文章还讨论空间反演中心/时间反演对称性破缺对重费米子超导体序参量的影响。最后,简单介绍了几种比较特殊的竞争序诱导的重费米子超导态。     

重费米子材料与物理

作为典型的强关联电子体系,重费米子材料表现出丰富的量子基态,如反铁磁序、铁磁序、非常规超导、非费米液体、自旋液体、轨道序和拓扑态等.相比其他强关联电子体系,重费米子体系的特征能量尺度低,可以通过压力、磁场或掺杂等参量对不同量子态进行连续调控,因而是研究量子相变、超导及其相互作用的理想体系.本文简要介绍重费米子研究的发展历史和国内外研究现状,概述几类典型的重费米子材料,并简单阐述重费米子超导、量子相变和强关联拓扑态等前沿科学问题.     

Kondo晶格中超导热力学临界场的研究

本文在两带准粒子模型下研究了Kondo晶格中超导热力学临界场的行为。我们唯象地引入了准粒子之间的有效吸引相互作用,由系统的两个超导序参量所满足的自洽方程出发计算了超导态与正常态热力学函数之差,由此得到了Kondo晶格中超导热力学临界场的表达式,并结合重费米子超导体CeCu_2Si_2、UBe_(13)和UPt_3的有关实验对所得理论结果进行了讨论。     

角分辨光电子能谱仪在f电子特性研究中的应用

重费米子体系是凝聚态物理研究中的热点和难点,其低的能量尺度和奇异物理特性吸引着研究者的注意力。文章首先简要介绍了重费米子体系的基本概念,随后着重介绍了角分辨光电子能谱技术(ARPES)在重费米子体系中的应用。主要包括以下几个方面内容:f电子与传导电子的杂化特征、f电子的杂化与磁性、f电子杂化与量子临界、超导的关系以及掺杂对杂化的影响等。最后介绍了目前ARPES技术在重费米子体系应用中存在的几个问题,并提出相应解决办法。     

受限一维无自旋费米子系统的性质研究

本文借助于一维自旋1/2-XXZ模型的Bethe-ansatz精确解, 利用局域密度近似(LDA), 讨论了谐振势中一维无自旋费米子的密度分布, 得出了ρ-u相图(这里的ρ为无量纲的粒子数密度 变量u为相互作用强度)对相图的分析表明, 随着原子密度和近邻相互作用的变化, 系统出现五个不同的混合量子相通过对热力学硬度S_ρ的计算, 发现其可作为体系的序参量, 其奇异点可用以度量受限体系中量子相变的发生     

手征马约拉纳费米子

手征马约拉纳费米子是具有手性的无质量费米子,是其本身的反粒子,只能存在于1+1维(即1维空间+1维时间)或者9+1维.在凝聚态物理中, 1维手征马约拉纳费米子可看成1/2分数化的狄拉克费米子,并作为二维拓扑态的边缘元激发.奇数个手征马约拉纳费米子边缘态的存在也预示着体系中存在满足非阿贝尔量子统计的伊辛任意子.手征马约拉纳费米子也可进行非阿贝尔编织,理论上可用来实现容错量子计算,因此近年来在凝聚态物理研究中引起了广泛的兴趣.本文从二维拓扑态出发,介绍手征拓扑超导态和量子反常霍尔态之间的深刻联系,并由此得出量子反常霍尔平台转变与超导近邻实现手征马约拉纳费米子的方案,最后以单通道手征马约拉纳费米子为例,探讨其实现电子态的非阿贝尓量子门.     

Ce 基重费米子材料的电子态研究与维度调控

重费米子材料作为一类典型的强关联电子体系,蕴含着非常规超导、奇异金属、量子临界、 磁有序、重电子态、关联拓扑态等新奇的量子态,而4f 电子在其中扮演着重要的作用。随着高分 辨角分辨光电子能谱和薄膜生长技术的发展,精确探测重费米子材料中4f 电子在能量/动量空间 的色散和谱权重成为了可能,这为从微观上理解这类材料中的电子关联效应和新奇量子现象提供 了重要的基础。本论文总结了几个典型的重费米子单晶和薄膜体系的电子态研究,包括Ce-115 体 系、CeCu2Si2、CeRh6Ge4 以及单晶 Ce 膜等。这些结果为理解重费米子体系中重电子态的形成 和温度演化、近藤杂化的能带/动量依赖、重电子能带与超导的关系、近藤效应与磁性和其它量子 态的竞争、4f 电子的维度调控等重要物理问题提供了谱学证据。     

重费米子材料中的反常物性

重费米子研究对探索强关联电子体系新奇量子现象的组织原则具有重要的意义。文章介绍了作者近年来对重费米子材料正常态反常性质的研究进展,揭示了重电子的普适温度演化行为和Fano干涉效应,为理解重费米子物理和探索非常规超导机理提供了新的思路。     

量子阱中电子-LO声子相互作用引起共振喇曼散射的不对称线形

提出在量子阱中,由于连续态电子与LO声子相互作用,通过对量子阱进行某种设计,并以特定的激光频率入射,可以导致Raman谱中很强的Fano现象.以GaAs-Al_2Ga_(1-x)As为例计算了几种量子阱结构下的不对称参量q,并给出了相应的Fano线形 关键词：     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.