4-苯乙炔基苯胺封端聚酰亚胺树脂的合成与性能研究

使用4-苯乙炔基苯胺(4-PEA)作为反应性封端剂,和3,3′,4,4′-二苯醚四酸二酐(ODPA),3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐(BPDA),1,4-双(4′-氨基-2′-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯(BTPB)和3,4′-二氨基二苯醚(3,4-′ODA)反应合成了系列4-苯乙炔基苯基封端的聚酰亚胺低聚物,对低聚物的化学结构、热性能和熔体粘度以及固化后树脂的热性能等进行了研究.实验结果表明,低聚物均具有一定的结晶性,含有ODPA的聚酰亚胺低聚物较之含有BPDA的低聚物具有更低的熔体粘度,且出现最低熔体粘度的温度更低;固化后的树脂表现出良好的热性能,含有BPDA的树脂具有更高的玻璃化转变温度;系列低聚物中二胺单体的比例对于低聚物的熔体粘度和固化后树脂的热稳定性有一定影响.     

基于苯醚型含氟二胺的聚酰亚胺膜材料的合成与表征

4,4′-二羟基二苯醚和2-氯-5-硝基三氟甲苯经Williamson反应得到4,4′-双(4-硝基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)二苯醚;在Pd/C-水合肼还原作用下得到4,4′-双(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)二苯醚(p-6FAPE).采用3种苯醚型含氟二胺1,4-双(3-氨基-5-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯、1,4-双(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯和p-6FAPE分别与3,3′,4,4′-二苯醚四酸二酐(ODPA)和均苯四甲酸二酐通过两步法制备出6种含氟聚酰亚胺(PI),对其溶解性、热性能和光学性能进行研究.这些PI具有较好的溶解性,且具有良好的热稳定性;ODPA基PI在可见光波长范围具有优良的透明性,450 nm处的透光率超过80%.     

不同比例的s-BPDA/i-BPDA型聚酰亚胺共聚结构与性能关系

由不同比例的二酐单体3,3′,4,4′-联苯四酸二酐(s-BPDA)/2,2′,3,3′-联苯四酸二酐(i-BPDA)与二胺单体4,4′-二氨基二苯醚(4,4′-ODA)制得了一系列共聚可溶聚酰亚胺. 采用DSC 、TGA和拉伸等测试方法对所得共聚聚酰亚胺进行了表征, 实验结果表明, 所得聚酰亚胺具有优异的力学性能和热稳定性, 并且随着i-BPDA含量的增加, 聚酰亚胺的溶解性提高, 玻璃化转变温度(Tg)升高, 中间体聚酰胺酸的固有黏度降低.     

基于3,5-二胺基-N（N′,N′-正二丁基甲酰胺基苯基）-苯甲酰胺的聚酰亚胺的溶解性、热稳定性和取向性能

用制得的大体积双侧基3,5-二胺基-N（N′,N′-正二丁基甲酰胺基苯基）-苯甲酰胺（DAPDM）,与3,3′-二甲基-4,4′-二氨基二苯甲烷（DMMDA）、3,3′,4,4′-二苯醚四甲酸二酐（ODPA）采用一步法共缩聚制得聚酰亚胺共聚物。采用核磁共振对该共聚物进行了表征,对其溶解性、热稳定性、预倾角进行了分析。结...     

含酚酞基团的聚酰亚胺膜材料的合成与性能

将酚酞分别和对氯硝基苯、2-氯-5-硝基三氟甲苯经Williamson反应得到3,3-双[(4-硝基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞和3,3-双[(4-硝基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞;在Pd/C-水合肼还原作用下分别得到3,3-双[(4-氨基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞(Ⅰ)和3,3-双[(4-氨基-2-三氟甲基苯氧基)苯基]酚酞(Ⅱ).采用上述2种二胺单体分别与1,2,3,4-环丁烷四酸二酐(CBDA)、均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、3,3,4,4-二苯醚四酸二酐(ODPA)和六氟二酐(6FDA)通过两步法制备出8种含酚酞基团的聚酰亚胺(PI)薄膜,然后采用核磁(NMR)、红外光谱(FTIR)、X-射线衍射仪(XRD)、紫外-可见分光光度计(UV-Vis)、热重分析仪(TGA)、示差扫描量热仪(DSC)和溶解性测试等测试手段和方法对所得到的PI的化学结构、光学性能、热性能和和溶解性等性质进行表征.研究结果表明,这些PI主要表现出非晶结构,且具有良好的溶解性和热性能;除PMDA基PI外,其余PI均表现出良好的浅色、透明特性.     

含二氮杂萘酮结构磺化聚酰亚胺共聚物的合成及其膜性能研究

将磺化二胺单体4,4′-二(4-氨基苯氧基)联苯-3,3′-二磺酸(BAPBDS),含二氮杂萘酮结构的二胺1,2-二氢-2-(4-氨基苯基)-4-[4-(4-氨基苯氧基)-苯基]-二氮杂萘-1-酮(DHPZDA)和1,4,5,8-萘四甲酸二酐(NTDA)进行缩合聚合反应,通过改变磺化二胺单体BAPBDS的含量,合成了一系列不同磺化度的聚酰亚胺(SPIs).采用FT-IR,1H-NMR表征了聚合物的结构,热重分析仪(TGA)研究了聚合物的耐热稳定性.以间甲酚为溶剂,通过溶液浇铸法成膜研究了该系列聚合物膜的性能.结果表明,与其它磺化聚酰亚胺相比,该系列磺化聚酰亚胺的溶解性以及在高温下(80℃)水解稳定性有较大提高.     

含哒嗪环聚酰亚胺的合成及性能表征

以马来酸酐为原料与水合肼反应得到哒嗪酮,再与三氯氧磷反应制备3,6-二氯哒嗪中间体,哒嗪中间体与间氨基苯酚通过亲核取代反应合成了一种新的二胺单体——3,6-二(3-氨基苯氧基)哒嗪.通过1HNMR,FTIR及HPLC-MS确证了哒嗪二胺及中间体的结构.这种哒嗪二胺单体与6种芳香二酐单体——均苯四甲酸二酐(PMDA)、3,3',4,4'-联苯四甲酸二酐(BPDA)、4,4-六氟异丙基邻苯二甲酸酐(6FDA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯甲酮四甲酸二酐(BTDA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯醚四甲酸二酐(ODPA)和双酚A型二醚二酐(BPADA)通过两步法聚合制备了一系列的聚酰亚胺,并对其结构和性能进行了研究.结果表明,聚酰胺酸的比浓对数黏度为0.37~0.50 dL/g,该系列聚酰亚胺膜具有良好的热稳定性和机械性能,玻璃化温度(Tg)为188~241℃,氮气氛围下5%和10%热失重分别为421~448℃和447~473℃,拉伸强度(TS)高达102 MPa,断裂伸长率(EB)为2.0%~6.5%.紫外可见光谱测试得到的截止波长(λcut-off)为367~389 nm.     

基于三蝶烯结构D3h对称性聚酰亚胺的合成及性能研究

以四氯邻氨基苯甲酸和蒽经Diels-Alder反应得到1,2,3,4-四氯三蝶烯,再经硝化、还原得到2,6-二氨基-13,14,15,16-四氯三蝶烯二胺单体.该二胺与双酚A二酐(BPADA)、六氟二酐(6FDA)和3,3’,4,4’-二苯甲酮四羧酸二酐(BTDA)经两步法缩聚得到系列聚酰亚胺.对2,6-二氨基-13,14,15,16-四氯三蝶烯二胺单体进行了1H-NMR,13C-NMR,FTIR表征,对所合成聚酰亚胺进行了1H-NMR、FTIR结构表征及溶解性、热性能、特性粘度、BET等测试.结果表明,含四氯三蝶烯结构的聚酰亚胺具有优异的溶解性,能溶于DMAc、DMF、NMP、THF、吡啶、间甲酚等有机溶剂,其中基于双酚A二酐和六氟二酐的聚酰亚胺在室温下能溶于氯仿中.聚合物具有良好的热性能,在0~300℃之间没有发现其玻璃化转变温度以及10%的热失重温度均高于500℃.聚合物可形成颜色较浅的透明薄膜,其中基于双酚A二酐的聚酰亚胺薄膜为无色透明.基于六氟二酐的聚酰亚胺BET比表面积为370 m2/g,是一种新型多孔聚合物.     

一种主链含光敏基团聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

通过4,4′-二羟乙基查尔酮与1,2,4-苯三酸酐酰氯反应,得到了一种新型的主链含查尔酮的二酐单体,通过二酐和2,2-双(3(-氨基-4(-羟基苯基)六氟丙烷缩聚并高温亚胺化,得到了一种新型的主链含查尔酮,侧链含羟基的光敏聚酰亚胺,并通过1H-NMR、FTIR、GPC及热分析表征了得到的聚酰亚胺的结构和热性能.这种聚酰亚胺在极性溶剂中具有较好的溶解性,并具有较高的热稳定性,在紫外光照射下,能进行[2+2]的环加成反应.     

含氟及硫醚基团聚酰亚胺光波导材料的合成及表征

通过分子设计,合成了含三氟甲基及硫醚基团的二胺单体4,4'-双(4-胺基-2-三氟甲基苯硫基)二苯硫醚(6FSEDA),利用其与6种芳香二酐单体:3,3',4,4'-联苯四羧酸二酐(BPDA)、4,4'-氧双邻苯二甲酸酐(ODPA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯酮四酸二酐(BTDA)、4,4'-(六氟异丙基)-苯二酸酐(6FDA)、3,3',4,4'-二苯硫醚四酸二酐(DTDA)及3,3',4,4'-二苯砜四酸二酐(DSDA)经一步法合成了一系列含氟及硫醚基团的聚酰亚胺(PI),并对其结构与性能进行了研究.结果表明,该系列PI的玻璃化温度Tg(DSC)在199.8～231.7℃范围,5%和10%热失重的温度(N2氛围)分别在491℃和517℃以上,在400～700 nm的可见光波长范围内具有优异的光学透明性,在光通讯波段(1310 nm和1550 nm处)均无明显吸收,且在这两个波长处测得的平均折射率范围分别为1.5401～1.6142和1.5389～1.6124,在波长632.8 nm测得的双折射范围为0.0012～0.0045.可见,含氟及硫醚基团聚酰亚胺薄膜具有良好的热稳定性和光学性能.     

Synthesis of soluble and thermally stable polyimides from unsymmetrical diamine containing 2,4,5-triaryl imidazole pendent group

A novel unsymmetrical diamine monomer containing triaryl imidazole pendant group, 4-[4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenoxy] benzene-1,3-diamine (DAI), was successfully synthesized via aromatic substitution reaction of 1-chloro-2,4-dinitrobenzene with 4-(4,5-diphenyl-1H-imidazol-2-yl)phenol, followed by palladium-catalyzed hydrazine reduction. The diamine monomer DAI polymerized with commercial available dianhydrides such as benzophenone tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BTDA), pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and bicyclo[2.2.2]-oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA) by using two step synthetic methods to obtain corresponding polyimides (PIs). PIs had inherent viscosity of 0.42-0.51 dL/g and exhibited excellent solubility in aprotic polar solvents such as N,N-dimethylacetamide (DMAc), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), pyridine and methyl sulfoxide (DMSO). PIs showed high glass transition temperatures between 230 and 320 °C, and they were fairly stable up to a temperature above 300 and 450 °C depending on the dianhydride monomer used for the PIs preparation.     

Adhesive and dielectric properties of novel polyimides with bis(3,3′-aminophenyl)-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl phenyl phosphine oxide (mDA7FPPO)

Polyimides with a low dielectric constant and excellent adhesion were prepared from a diamine containing phosphine oxide and fluorine groups, bis(3,3′-aminophenyl-2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-4-trifluoromethyl phenyl phosphine oxide (mDA7FPPO), and rigid-rod type dianhydride containing fluorine groups, such as 3,6-di(3′,5′-bis(trifluoromethyl)-phenyl)pyromellitic dianhydride (12FPMDA). The polyimides were synthesized via the known two-step process, preparation of poly(amic-acid) followed by solution imidization, and characterized by FT-IR, NMR, DSC, TGA and TMA. In addition, their solubility, intrinsic viscosity, dielectric constant and adhesive property were also evaluated. For comparison, 3,6-di(4′-trifluoromethylphenyl) pyromellitic dianhydride (6FPMDA) and 3,6-diphenylpyromellitic dianhydride (DPPMDA) were also utilized. The prepared polyimides exhibited high T_g (276-314 °C), excellent thermal stability (>500 °C in air), good adhesive property (104.7-126.3 g/mm), good solubility, and very low dielectric constant (2.34-2.89).     

Liquid crystalline comb-like polyimides with biphenyl-based side groups

We have synthesized series of comb-like polyimides with mesogenic units in their side groups. Such comb-like polyimides were obtained by polycondensation of aromatic diamines bearing biphenyl-based mesogenic moieties with bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene 2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA). The different diamines, with two lengths of spacer (with 6 and 11 methylene groups), were synthesized in three steps using as mesogenic groups: biphenyl, 4-cyanobiphenyl and 4-(2-methyl-1-butoxy)biphenyl. The synthesis of the polyimides was performed in two steps: polycondensation of a dianhydride with a diamine in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at room temperature giving the corresponding polyamic acid, followed by thermal cyclization into the corresponding polyimide. The comb-like polyimides were studied by X-ray diffraction between room temperature and 250°C. Two types of smectic structure were established: SmA₁ for the long spacer and SmC₁ for the short spacer.     

Liquid crystalline comb-like polyimides with biphenyl-based side groups

We have synthesized series of comb-like polyimides with mesogenic units in their side groups. Such comb-like polyimides were obtained by polycondensation of aromatic diamines bearing biphenyl-based mesogenic moieties with bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene 2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride (BCDA). The different diamines, with two lengths of spacer (with 6 and 11 methylene groups), were synthesized in three steps using as mesogenic groups: biphenyl, 4-cyanobiphenyl and 4-(2-methyl-1-butoxy)biphenyl. The synthesis of the polyimides was performed in two steps: polycondensation of a dianhydride with a diamine in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone at room temperature giving the corresponding polyamic acid, followed by thermal cyclization into the corresponding polyimide. The comb-like polyimides were studied by X-ray diffraction between room temperature and 250°C. Two types of smectic structure were established: SmA₁ for the long spacer and SmC₁ for the short spacer.     

Organosoluble Aliphatic-Aromatic Poly（ether-amide）s Based on Pyridine Moiety in the Main Chain： Synthesis,Characterization and Thermal Studies

A series organosoluble and heterocyclic poly（ether-amide）s （PEA）s were synthesized from a new diamine containing pyridine moiety and four aliphatic-aromatic dicarboxylic acids by direct polycondensation reactions. Dicarboxilic acids 4a-4d containing ether groups were synthesized in two step reactions. At first, dialdehydes 3a-3d were synthesized from four dibromo alkanes la-ld and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde 2, then dicarboxilic acids 4a-4d were synthesized from dialdehydes 3a-3d and malonic acid in a solvent free reaction. On the other hand, the new diamine 8 containing pyridine ring was synthesized in two step reactions. The structures of synthesized monomers and polymers were proven by FTIR, NMR spectroscopy and elemental analysis. Also all of the above polymers were fully characterized by inherent viscosity, solubility tests, gel permeation chromatography （GPC）, differential scanning calorimetry （DSC） and thermogravimetric analysis （TGA）. The resulted PEAs have shown good inherent viscosities, solubility and thermal properties.     

Synthesis and characterization of new thermally stable poly(amide-imide)s based on bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic diimide and aromatic diamines

N,N′-bis-(4-carboxyphenyl)bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic diimide was prepared by reaction of bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetra carboxylic dianhydride with p-aminobenzoic acid in a mixture of acetic acid and pyridine (3: 2). Polycondensation of N,N′-bis-(4-carboxyphenyl)bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic diimide with six different aromatic diamines produced a series of new poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) in high yields with inherent viscosities between 0.49–0.95 dl/g. All PAIs were characterized by means of elemental analysis, viscosity measurement, solubility test, FTIR spectroscopy and ¹H-NMR spectroscopy. Dynamic TGA of PAIs shows 10% weight loss temperatures from 410 to 435°C under nitrogen.     

硫醚双酐聚酰胺酸的合成及其热稳定性

合成了硫醚二酐和4-硝基-4'-[N,N-二(2-氨乙基)氨基]偶氮苯(二胺单体)及对应的硫醚聚酰胺酸,并对其结构进行表征.由于该发色团分子的一端有可以进一步聚合的氨基,它与硫醚酐所形成的聚酰胺酸在普通有机溶剂中具有良好的可溶性,NLO发色团和聚酰亚胺骨架的分解温度t_d分别为362℃和491℃,显现出了特殊的热稳定性.目前,这些聚合物在高敏感非线性光学材料方面显示着广泛的应用前景.     

Preparation and Characterization of New Optically Active Poly(amide-imide)s from N,N′-(bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetra carboxylic)-bis-L-isoleucine and Aromatic Diamines

Five new optically active aromatic poly(amide-imide)s (PAIs) 5a–e were prepared from a direct polycondensation reaction of a new diacid of N,N′-(bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetra carboxylic)-bis-L-isoleucine 3 with various aromatic diamines 4a–e in a medium consisting of triphenyl phosphite (TPP), calcium chloride (CaCl₂), pyridine (Py) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP). The polycondensation reaction produced a series of novel poly(amid-imide)s 5a–e in quantitative yields with inherent viscosities of 0.39–0.51 dL/g. The resulting polymers were fully characterized by means of ¹H-NMR, FT-IR spectroscopy, elemental analyses, inherent viscosity, solubility test, specific rotation and thermal properties of them were investigated using TGA/DTG and differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). The diacid 4 was synthesized by the condensation reaction of bicyclo[2,2,2]oct-7-ene-2,3,5,6- tetracarboxylic dianhydride 1 with L-isoleucine 2 in acetic acid solution.     

SYNTHESIS AND CHARACTERIZATION OF ORGANSOLUBLE POLYIMIDE AND COPOLYIMIDES FROM ALICYCLIC DIANHYDRIDE

A kind of highly organsoluble polyimide and copolyimides were successfully synthesized from bicyclo（2.2.2）-oct- 7-ene-2,3,5,6-tetracarboxylic dianhydride （BCDA）, the commercial diamine 4,4＇-methylenedianiline （MDA） and the designed diamine 4,4＇-methylenebis-（2-tert-butylaniline） （MBTBA）. The polyimide from BCDA and MBTBA is highly soluble in conventional low boiling point solvents （such as chloroform, tetrahydrofuran） at room temperature. But the solubility of the copolyimides in conventional solvents decreased with the molar ratio of MBTBA and MDA decreased. When the molar ratio of MBTBA and MDA was larger than 7/3, the copolyimides can be soluble in low boiling point solvents at room temperature to form a transparent, flexible, tough film by solution casting. When the molar ratio of MBTBA and MDA was between 7/3 and 1/9, they can only be soluble in hot dipolar aprotic solvents （such as DMF, NMP etc.） and form films too. The copolyimide was only soluble in m-cresol when the molar ratio of MBTBA and MDA was lower than 1/9. The number-average molecular weights of the soluble copolyimides were larger than 5.8 × 1064 g/mol by GPC and their polydispersity indices were higher than 1.4. Only one glass transition temperature of these copolyimides was detected around 400℃ by DMA. The copolyimides did not show appreciable decomposition up to 430℃ in N2.     

基于3,5-二氨基苯甲酸(4-烷氧基)苯酯可溶性聚酰亚胺的合成与表征

本文合成了含长烷基侧链的二胺单体3,5-二氨基苯甲酸(4-烷氧基)苯酯,然后使它与2,2-双[4.(3,4-二羧酸基苯氧基)苯基]丙烷二酐在N甲基-2-吡咯烷酮溶液中聚合,再通过化学酰亚胺化得到一系列含有长烷基侧链的聚酰亚胺。聚酰亚胺的结构经红外光谱和核磁共振氢谱确认,并对它的溶解性能、特征粘数、光学性能和热性能等进行了表征。结果表明,所合成的聚酰亚胺具有好的溶解性能、较高的分子量、优异的透光率和较好的热稳定性。