多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸分析

运用一维冲击波模型和三维细观有限元模型分析了多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸行为. 基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH)的多胞材料模型,建立了一维冲击波模型,得到了多胞牺牲层中冲击波传播的控制方程. 揭示了冲击波在多胞牺牲层中的传播特性,并阐述了附加质量和爆炸载荷强度两个参数对牺牲层设计的重要影响. 比较了基于刚性-理想塑性-锁定(R-PP-L) 模型和基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH) 模型的多胞牺牲层的结构设计,指出了两种模型的适用范围. 通过基于三维Voronoi 技术的细观有限元方法验证了基于R-PH 模型的多胞牺牲层结构的设计准则.      

ANTI-BLAST ANALYSIS OF CELLULAR SACRIFICIAL CLADDING

运用一维冲击波模型和三维细观有限元模型分析了多胞牺牲层的抗爆炸行为. 基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH)的多胞材料模型,建立了一维冲击波模型,得到了多胞牺牲层中冲击波传播的控制方程. 揭示了冲击波在多胞牺牲层中的传播特性,并阐述了附加质量和爆炸载荷强度两个参数对牺牲层设计的重要影响. 比较了基于刚性-理想塑性-锁定(R-PP-L) 模型和基于刚性-塑性硬化(R-PH) 模型的多胞牺牲层的结构设计,指出了两种模型的适用范围. 通过基于三维Voronoi 技术的细观有限元方法验证了基于R-PH 模型的多胞牺牲层结构的设计准则.     

Anti-plane shear waves in a fibre-reinforced composite with a non-linear imperfect interface

The propagation of non-linear elastic anti-plane shear waves in a unidirectional fibre-reinforced composite material is studied. A model of structural non-linearity is considered, for which the non-linear behaviour of the composite solid is caused by imperfect bonding at the “fibre–matrix” interface. A macroscopic wave equation accounting for the effects of non-linearity and dispersion is derived using the higher-order asymptotic homogenisation method. Explicit analytical solutions for stationary non-linear strain waves are obtained. This type of non-linearity has a crucial influence on the wave propagation mode: for soft non-linearity, localised shock (kink) waves are developed, while for hard non-linearity localised bell-shaped waves appear. Numerical results are presented and the areas of practical applicability of linear and non-linear, long- and short-wave approaches are discussed.     

舱内爆炸角隅汇聚反射冲击波超压特性研究

为研究密闭舱室内爆角隅汇聚反射冲击波超压特性,利用缩比模型进行了某典型舱室内爆试验,得到远离角隅、两面角隅和三面角隅处的冲击波载荷,结合数值模拟研究了3种特征位置处冲击波传播规律及载荷特征。研究结果表明:远离角隅处壁面反射冲击波超压曲线呈现单峰结构,反射冲击波以球面波传播;距两面角隅一定范围内冲击波超压曲线呈现双峰结构,两面角隅冲击波超压曲线呈现单峰结构,角隅汇聚反射冲击波以椭球状传播;距三面角隅一定范围内冲击波超压曲线呈现多峰结构,三面角隅冲击波超压曲线呈现单峰结构,角隅汇聚反射冲击波以球面波传播;在合理假设条件下,根据量纲分析及数值模拟结果,得到首次冲击时角隅汇聚反射冲击波载荷经验计算公式。     

Shock propagation along a two-layer interface in confined geometry

The paper presents direct numerical simulations of the propagation of a strong planar shock wave along a two-layer interface confined between two walls. Transient stage and steady state of the propagation are described. In the steady state regime, a stationary irregular refraction of the shock and a vorticity sheet are characterized. Physics of the stationary irregular refraction state is explained. Shock velocity is studied. Quantities are shown to verify a set of generalized Rankine–Hugoniot relations. The unknown coupling mechanism between shear layer and pressure step is predicted by a neural network which leads to a predictive, gray-box type model.     

On the Interphase Heat Transfer Effect on Nonlinear Wave Propagation in a Gas-Liquid Mixture

The effect of interphase heat transfer on shock wave propagation is investigated. A multiwave nonlinear equation which in the limiting case of the absence of heat transfer decomposes into two classic generalizations of the Boussinesq equations is derived. Quasi-isothermal and quasi-adiabatic propagation regimes for which the heat transfer is fairly intense are considered. For both regimes, nonlinear equations describing the wave propagation are obtained. The equation describing the first regime is investigated in detail. Exact analytic solutions of this equation are given and used to study the shock wave structures and the solitary wave behavior. Formulas for the dependence of the heat transfer rate on the equilibrium-mixture parameters are obtained.     

Measurement of shock waves velocity in the air plasma of capacitively coupled RF discharge

The velocity of shock wave propagation in the air plasma of stationary capacitively coupled RF discharge at different gas pressure and charged particles concentration has been measured. It is shown, that the velocity of the shock wave increases at the increase of the concentration. Measurement results are brought to the universal dependence. Received 17 August 1998 / Accepted 10 December 1999     

炸药水中爆炸冲击波超高速同时分幅/扫描摄影技术

研究了超高速同时分幅/扫描摄影技术在炸药水中爆炸冲击波传播中的应用效果,并采用自研的同时分幅/扫描超高速光电摄影系统对炸药水中爆炸过程进行拍摄。结果表明,该系统能够拍摄同一时基、同一空基且具有超高时空分辨的一维和二维图像,进而成功观察到?60 mm×66 mm TNT炸药在水中爆炸冲击波传播过程,获得该过程冲击波阵面平均传播速度及压力。这可为水中兵器战斗部的设计及毁伤效能评估提供参考。     

INSTABILITY AND DISPERSIVITY OF WAVE PROPAGATION ININELASTIC SATURATED/UNSATURATED POROUS MEDIA

ＩｎｔｒｏｄｕｃｔｉｏｎＴｈｅｔｒａｎｓｉｅｎｔｐｈｅｎｏｍｅｎａｏｆｄｙｎａｍｉｃｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓａｎｄｔｈｅｍａｎｎｅｒｓｔｏｔｒｅａｔｔｈｅｍａｒｅｇｅｎｅｒａｌｌｙｒｅｌａｔｅｄｔｏｔｈｅｓｐｅｃｔｒａｌｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｅｘｃｉｔａｔｉｏｎ .Ｏｎｅｍａｙｏｍｉｔｐｒｏｐａｇａｔｉｎｇｗａｖｅｓｉｆｒｅｌａｔｉｖｅｌｙｌｏｗｅｒｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｃｉｅｓｇｏｖｅｒｎｔｈｅｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓｉｎｔｈｅｐｒｏｂｌｅｍｓｓｕｃｈａｓｓｅｉｓｍｉｃｒｅｓｐｏｎｓｅｓａｎｄｒｅｓｐｏｎ…     

Structure and bifurcations of plane shock waves in a vibrationally excited gas with an external pumping source

The structure of the density profiles in stationary plane shock waves in a vibrationally excited gas is investigated. For self-similar solutions a bifurcation diagram is plotted in the parametric “traveling wave velocity—degree of nonequilibrium” plane. The bifurcation boundaries of the domains of existence of the structures of different types are analytically derived. It is shown that weak plane shock waves are unstable, accelerate, and break down into a sequence of pulses or-at a fairly high pumping rate-waves with nonzero asymptotics, whose amplitude and propagation velocity are independent of the initial disturbance and are determined by the parameters of the medium itself.     

Lagrangian description of transport equations for shock waves in three-dimensional elastic solids

A set of transport equations for the growth or decay of theamplitudes of shock waves along an arbitrary propagation directionin three-dimensional nonlinear elastic solids is derived using theLagrangian coordinates.The transport equations obtained showthat the time derivative of the amplitude of a shock wave alongany propagation ray depends on (i) an unknown quantity immediatelybehind the shock wave,(ii) the two principal curvatures of theshock surface,(iii) the gradient taken on the shock surface ofthe normal shock wave speed and (iv) the inhomogeneous term.whichis related to the motion ahead of the shock surface.vanisheswhen the motion ahead of the shock surface is uniform.Severalchoices of the propagation vector are given for which the tran-sport equations can be simplified.Some universal relations,which relate the time derivatives of various jump quantities toeach other but which do not depend on the constitutive equationsof the material,are also presented.     

Transition of plane overdriven detonation wave to the Chapman-Jouguet regime

The asymptotic laws of behavior for plane, cylindrical, and spherical infinitely thin detonation waves were found in [1, 2] for increasing distance from an igniting source in those cases in which the waves changed into Chapman-Jouguet waves as they decayed. It was shown that the plane overdriven detonation wave approaches the Chapman-Jouguet regime asymptotically, while the transition of the cylindrical or spherical strong detonation wave into the Chapman-Jouguet wave may occur at a finite distance from the initiation source.Similar conclusions are valid for the propagation of stationary steadystate detonation waves which arise with flow of combustible gas mixtures past bodies.However, numerous experiments [3, 4] on firing bodies in a detonating gas show that the overdriven detonation wave which forms ahead of the body decays and decomposes into an ordinary compression shock and a slow combustion front. To establish why the wave does not make the transition to the Chapman-Jouguet regime, in the following we consider the propagation of a plane detonation wave and account for finite chemical reaction rates. We use the very simple two-front model (ordinary shock wave and following flame front). Conditions are found for which transition to the Chapman-Jouguet regime does not occur. We first consider the propagation of an unsteady plane wave and then the steady plane wave. It is found that for all the mixtures used in these experiments transition to the Chapman-Jouguet regime is not possible within the framework of the assumed model.     

Structure of weak shock waves in 2-D layered material systems

Shock waves in homogeneous materials in the absence of phase transitions are understood to have a one-wave structure. However, upon loading of a layered heterogeneous material system a two-wave structure is obtained––a leading shock front followed by a complex pattern that varies with time. This dual shock-wave pattern can be attributed to material architecture through which the shock wave propagates, i.e. the impedance (and geometric) mismatch present at various length scales, and nonlinearities arising from material inelasticity and failure.The objective of the present paper is to provide a better understanding of the role of material architecture in determining the structure of weak shock waves in 2-D layered material systems. Normal plate-impact experiments are conducted on 2-D layered material targets to obtain both the precursor decay and the late-time dispersion. The particle velocity at the free surface of the target plate is measured by using a multi-beam VALYN VISAR. In order to understand the effects of layer thickness and the distance of wave propagation on elastic precursor decay and late-time dispersion several different targets with various layer and target thicknesses are employed. Moreover, in order to understand the effects of material inelasticity both elastic–elastic and elastic–viscoelastic bilaminates are utilized.The results of these experiments are interpreted by using asymptotic techniques to analyze propagation of acceleration waves in 2-D layered material systems. The analysis makes use of the Laplace transform and Floquet theory for ODE’s with periodic coefficients [Asymptotic solutions for wave propagation in elastic and viscoelastic bilaminates. In: Developments in Mechanics, Proceedings of the 14th Mid-Eastern Mechanics Conference, vol. 26, no. 8, pp. 399–417]. Both wave-front and late-time solutions for step-pulse loading on layered half-space are compared with the experimental observations. The results of the study indicate that the structure of acceleration waves is strongly influenced by impedance mismatch of the layers constituting the laminates, density of interfaces, distance of wave propagation, and the material inelasticity.     

Shock and detonation wave diffraction at a sudden expansion in gas–particle mixtures

Numerical modeling of the propagation of shock and detonation waves is carried out in a duct with an abrupt expansion for a heterogeneous mixture of fine particles of aluminum and oxygen. A considerable difference from corresponding flows in pure gas is found. The influence of the size and mass loading of particles on the flow and shock wave structure behind the backward-facing step is determined. As in gaseous detonations, three types of scenarios of detonation development are obtained. Specific features of the flow structure are revealed such as deformation of the combustion front due to interaction between the relaxation zone and the vortex structure. The influence of particle size and channel width on detonation propagation is analyzed. This paper is based on work that was presented at the 21th International Colloquium on the Dynamics of Explosions and Reactive Systems, Poitiers, France, July 23–27, 2007.     

The effect of an unsteady drag force on the structure of a non-equilibrium region behind a shock wave in a gas-particle mixture

For numerical analysis of shock wave propagation in gas-particle mixtures, drag coefficients of a sphere in steady flows are generally used. However, it is shown both experimentally and numerically that a shock loaded solid sphere experiences unsteady drag forces. The paper describes a model of unsteady drag force and its effect on the structure of the non-equilibrium region behind a shock front traveling in a dusty gas. The results are compared with those obtained by using a steady drag coefficient and are discussed. It is demonstrated that the large drag force at the early stage of the interaction between shock-wave induced flow and a solid particle affects the flow structure that is obtained with a steady drag force.      

EFFECT OF FRACTIONAL ORDER PARAMETER ON THERMOELASTIC BEHAVIORS IN INFINITE ELASTIC MEDIUM WITH A CYLINDRICAL CAVITY

The thermal shock problems involved with fractional order generalized theory is studied by an analytical method. The asymptotic solutions for thermal responses induced by transient thermal shock are derived by means of the limit theorem of Laplace transform. An infinite solid with a cylindrical cavity subjected to a thermal shock at its inner boundary is studied. The propagation of thermal wave and thermal elastic wave, as well as the distributions of displacement,temperature and stresses are obtained from these asymptotic solutions. The investigation on the effect of fractional order parameter on the propagation of two waves is also conducted.     

粘塑性变截面杆中冲击波的演化

讨论了粘塑性变截面杆中的一维应力波传播规律。在粘塑性本构理论框架的基础上,利用特征关系和冲击波阵面上的突跃条件,得出了冲击波在传播过程中的演化规律,包括其微分方程和解析表达式,并对Bodner和Johnson-Cook材料和不同收缩形式的杆中冲击波的演化规律进行了讨论,同时计算和讨论了杆中冲击波后方应力波传播规律的特点。     

Nonlinear wave motions on liquid surfaces

A study is made of the formation of a shock wave (bore), produced by the movement of an initially weak discontinuity in the spatial derivatives of velocity and liquid depth in an area of stationary current in a channel of constant inclination. The formation of shock waves from compression waves was first studied by Riman [1]. Frictional resistance was considered in the Chezy form. The equations obtained therein for determination of the moment in time and spatial coordinates of the point at which the shock wave is formed, as well as the laws for propagation of shock waves are applicable to the problem of one-dimensional transient motion in a gas, the pressure of which is dependent on density. Instantaneous collapse of waves, as well as formation and movement of bores in rivers for an idealized flow model in a channel with horizontal bottom, neglecting friction, were described by Khristianovich, Mikhlin, and Devison [2], and Stoker [3]. Recently in the work of Sachdev and Bhatnagar [4], using numerical integration of the equation for bore intensity, the problem of shock wave propagation in a channel of constant inclination with consideration of fluid resistance in the Chezy form was studied. Gradual wave collapse and the bore formation mechanism were studied by Stoker [3] on the basis of the shallow-water theory. Neglecting friction on the horizontal channel bottom, he calculated the moment of time and coordinates of the point at which the shock wave is formed in the case where the initial disturbance is sinusoidal. The dependence of these values on wave amplitude for a channel of constant inclination was obtained by Jeffrey [5], who also neglected friction on the channel bottom and considered the initial disturbance to be sinusoidal. Lighthill and Whitham [6] discovered that for Froude numbers greater than two, the linear theory led to unlimited growth in the intensity of the flood wave. We note that the studies of flood-wave motion in the region of the first characteristic, performed in [3, 6], differ only in the forms of the resistance laws and dependences of the unknown functions on the variables. Physical peculiarities of various liquid wave motions were also examined by Lighthill in [7].Saratov. Translated from Izvestiya Akademii Nauk SSSR. Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 2, pp. 62–66, March–April, 1972.     

Equation of a shock wave front

Second-order differential equations of the hyperbolic type are derived for describing the local law of shock wave propagation. The shock waves are assumed to be two-dimensional unsteady in a stationary gas flow and three-dimensional steady in a supersonic flow. The behavior of the characteristics of these equations is investigated as a function of the governing flow parameters and their relative position with respect to the typical bicharacteristics of the characteristic cone behind the shock is analyzed. Moscow. Translated from Izvestiya Rossiiskoi Akademii Nauk, Mekhanika Zhidkosti i Gaza, No. 3, pp. 159–165, May–June, 2000.