CaWO4:xEu3+,ySm3+,zLi+红色荧光粉的制备及光学性能

采用微波固相法制备了CaWO₄：xEu³⁺,ySm³⁺,zLi⁺红色荧光粉。测量样品的XRD图、激发谱、发射谱及发光衰减曲线,研究并分析了Eu³⁺、Sm³⁺、Li⁺的掺杂浓度,对样品微结构、光致发光特性、能量传递及能级寿命的影响。结果表明,Eu³⁺、Sm³⁺、Li⁺掺杂并未引起合成粉体改变晶相,仍为CaWO₄单一四方晶系结构。Eu³⁺、Sm³⁺共掺样品中,Sm³⁺掺杂为3%时,Sm³⁺对Eu³⁺的能量传递最有效。Li⁺掺杂起到了助熔剂和敏化剂的作用,使样品发光更强。在394 nm激发下,与CaWO₄：3%Eu³⁺样品比较,3%Eu³⁺、3%Sm³⁺共掺CaWO₄及3%Eu³⁺、3%Sm³⁺、1%Li⁺共掺CaWO₄样品的发光分别增强2倍及2.4倍。同一激发波长下,单掺Eu³⁺样品寿命最短,Sm³⁺、Eu³⁺共掺样品随Sm³⁺浓度增加,寿命先减小后增加,且掺杂了Li⁺的样品比不掺Li⁺的样品⁵D₀能级寿命有所增加。     

Synthesis and spectral characteristics of Sr2Y8(SiO4)6O2: Eu polycrystals

Spectral-luminescent characteristics of Sr₂Y₈(SiO₄)₆O₂: Eu powder crystal phosphor with the apatite structure and high-intensity luminescence of Eu³⁺ ions have been studied. The charge state of europium in the samples has been characterized by means of X-ray L₃-adsorption spectroscopy. It was established that Eu³⁺ forms two types of optical centers. Besides, luminescence of Eu²⁺ions was found. Reduction Eu³⁺→Eu²⁺ was considered, which may be due to vacancy formation in the 4f crystal lattice position and to negative charge transfer by this vacancy to two ions. Thus, in the silicate lattice there exist inhomogeneously distributed oxygen-deficient centers, which are responsible for nonradiative transfer of excitation energy to Eu³⁺ and Eu²⁺ ions. To study electron-vibrational interactions in the crystal phosphor samples, their IR and Raman spectra were examined. In the luminescence spectrum of Eu²⁺, a series of low-intensity bands caused by interaction of the 4f⁶5d state of Eu²⁺ with silicate lattice vibrations was observed.     

Spectroscopic studies on the interaction of cilostazole with iodine and 2,3-dichloro-5,6-dicyanobenzoquinone

Lanthanide sensitized luminescence and chemiluminescence (CL) are of great importance because of the unique spectral properties, such as long lifetime, large Stokes shifts, and narrow emission bands characteristic to lanthanide ions (Ln³⁺). With the fluoroquinolone (FQ) compounds including enoxacin (ENX), norfloxacin (NFLX), lomefloxacin (LMFX), fleroxacin (FLRX), ofloxacin (OFLX), rufloxacin (RFX), gatifloxacin (GFLX) and sparfloxacin (SPFX), the luminescence and CL properties of Tb³⁺–FQ and Eu³⁺–FQ complexes have been investigated in this contribution. Ce⁴⁺–SO₃²⁻ in acidic conditions was taken as the CL system and sensitized CL intensities of Tb³⁺–FQ and Eu³⁺–FQ complexes were determined by flow-injection analysis. The luminescence and CL spectra of Tb³⁺–FQ complexes show characteristic peaks of Tb³⁺ at 490 nm, 545 nm, 585 nm and 620 nm. Complexes of Tb³⁺–ENX, Tb³⁺–NFLX, Tb³⁺–LMFX and Tb³⁺–FLRX display relatively strong emission intensity compared with Tb³⁺–OFLX, Tb³⁺–RFX, Tb³⁺–GFLX and Tb³⁺–SPFX. Quite weak peaks with unique characters of Eu³⁺ at 590 nm and 617 nm appear in the luminescence and CL spectra of Eu³⁺–ENX, but no notable sensitized luminescence and CL of Eu³⁺ could be observed when Eu³⁺ is added into other FQ. The distinct differences on emission intensity of Tb³⁺–FQ and Eu³⁺–FQ might originate from the different energy gap between the triplet levels of FQ and the excited levels of the Ln³⁺. The different sensitized luminescence and CL signals among Tb³⁺–FQ complexes could be attributed to different optical properties and substituents of these FQ compounds. The detailed mechanism involved in the luminescence and CL properties of Tb³⁺–FQ and Eu³⁺–FQ complexes has been investigated by analyzing the luminescence and CL spectra, quantum yields, and theoretical calculation results.     

钙钛矿结构荧光材料MZrO3:Eu3+,A (M=Ca2+, Ba2+; A=Li+, Na+, K+)的制备及其发光性质

Calcium and barium zirconate powders based upon CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A and BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A (A=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) were prepared by combustion synthesis method and heating to ~1000℃ to improve crystallinity.The structure and morphology of materials were examined by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and scanningelectron microscopy (SEM). XRD results showed that CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A and BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A (A=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) perovskites possessed orthorhombic and cubic structures, respectively. The morphologies of all powderswere very similar consisting of small, coagulated, cubical particles with narrow size distributions andsmooth and regular surfaces. The characteristic luminescences of Eu³⁺ ions in CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,A (A=Li⁺, Na⁺, K⁺) lattices were present with strong emissions at 614 and 625 nm for ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transitions with other weakeremissions observed at 575, 592, 655, and 701 nm corresponding to ⁵D₀→⁷F_n transitions (where n=0, 1, 3, 4 respectively). In BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ both the ⁵D₀→⁷F₁ and ⁵D₀→⁷F₂ transitions at 595 and 613 nm were strong.Photoluminescence intensities of CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ samples were higher than those of BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ lattices. Thisremarkable increase of photoluminescence intensity (corresponding to ⁵D₀→⁷F_n transitions) was observedin CaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ and BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺ if co-doped with Li⁺ ions. An additional broad band composed of manypeaks between 440 to 575 nm was observed in BaZrO₃:Eu³⁺,,A samples. The intensity of this band wasgreatest in Li⁺ co-doped samples and lowest for K⁺ doped samples.     

A new type of charge compensating mechanism in Ca5(PO4)3F:Eu phosphor

The X-ray powder diffraction, reflectance, photoluminescence, photoluminescence excitation and ESR spectra of Ca₅(PO₄)₃F:Eu³⁺ phosphor have been studied. Three distinct variants of calcium substitutional Eu³⁺-sites have been observed in this host and the charge compensating species related to each of these sites has been identified. It is noted that the host related trace impurities those have prospects of acting as charge compensator, and the reaction environment that exists during the preparation of the material, greatly influence the preferential substitution of different Ca²⁺-sites by the Eu³⁺ ions. It is also noted that the charge compensating species in a suitable case, takes part in the photophysical process of luminescence of the Eu³⁺.     

Preparation and Characterization of GdTaO<Subscript>4</Subscript>:Eu<Superscript>3+</Superscript> Sol-Gel Luminescence Thin Films

High quality GdTaO₄:Eu³⁺ luminescence films have been successfully prepared through a modified sol-gel process. The films were prepared using inorganic materials as raw materials, and the thermal decomposition and UV assisted technique were introduced to improve the quality of the film and reduce the period for forming the thick film. Results of structural studies by atomic force microscopy (AFM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) showed that the surface was smooth and the structure was monoclinic with the average grain size of about 55 nm. The emission and excitation spectra of the film were investigated. Related to the transition ⁵ D₀ →⁷ F₁ and ⁵ D₀→⁷ F₂ of Eu³⁺ ions, the main luminescence peaks were observed at 591 and 611 nm respectively, and the luminescence peak at 345 nm was detected simultaneously related to the TaO₄³⁻ emission. Transmission spectrum and decay curve of the luminescence are also presented in this paper.     

CaWO_4∶xEu~(3+),ySm~(3+),zLi~+红色荧光粉的制备及光学性能

采用微波固相法制备了CaWO_4∶xEu~(3+),ySm~(3+),zLi~+红色荧光粉。测量样品的XRD图、激发谱、发射谱及发光衰减曲线,研究并分析了Eu~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Li~+的掺杂浓度,对样品微结构、光致发光特性、能量传递及能级寿命的影响。结果表明,Eu~(3+)、Sm~(3+)、Li~+掺杂并未引起合成粉体改变晶相,仍为CaWO_4单一四方晶系结构。Eu~(3+)、Sm~(3+)共掺样品中,Sm~(3+)掺杂为3%时,Sm~(3+)对Eu~(3+)的能量传递最有效。Li~+掺杂起到了助熔剂和敏化剂的作用,使样品发光更强。在394 nm激发下,与CaWO_4∶3%Eu~(3+)样品比较,3%Eu~(3+)、3%Sm~(3+)共掺CaWO_4及3%Eu~(3+)、3%Sm~(3+)、1%Li~+共掺CaWO_4样品的发光分别增强2倍及2.4倍。同一激发波长下,单掺Eu~(3+)样品寿命最短,Sm~(3+)、Eu~(3+)共掺样品随Sm~(3+)浓度增加,寿命先减小后增加,且掺杂了Li~+的样品比不掺Li~+的样品~5D_0能级寿命有所增加。     

Visual Detection of Triethylamine and a Dual Input/Output Logic Gate Based on a Eu3+-Complex

A series of Ln³⁺-metal centered complexes, Ln(TTA)₃(DPPI) (Ln = La, 1; Ln = Eu, 2; Ln = Tb, 3; or Ln = Gd, 4) [(DPPI = N-(4-(1H-imidazo [4,5-f][1,10]phenanthrolin-2-yl)phenyl)-N-phenylbenzenamine) and (TTA = 2-Thenoyltrifluoroacetone)] have been synthesized and characterized. Among which, the Eu³⁺-complex shows efficient purity red luminescence in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) solution, with a Commission International De L’ Eclairage (CIE) coordinate at x = 0.638, y = 0.323 and Φ_Eu^L = 38.9%. Interestingly, increasing the amounts of triethylamine (TEA) in the solution regulates the energy transfer between the ligand and the Eu³⁺-metal center, which further leads to the luminescence color changing from red to white, and then bluish-green depending on the different excitation wavelengths. Based on this, we have designed the IMPLICATION logic gate for TEA recognition by applying the amounts of TEA and the excitation wavelengths as the dual input signal, which makes this Eu³⁺-complex a promising candidate for TEA-sensing optical sensors.     

Vacuum Ultraviolet Excited Photoluminescence Properties of Y2O2S：Eu^3＋,Bi^3＋ Phosphor

As an Hg-free lamp using phosphor, the Bi^3＋ and EH^3＋ co-doped Y2O2S phosphors were prepared and their luminescence properties under vacuum ultraviolet（VUV） excitation were investigated. The VUV photoluminescent intensity of Y2O2S：Eu^3＋ was weak, however, considerably stronger red emission at 626 nm with good color purity was observed in Y2O2S：Eu^3＋,Bi^3＋ systems. Investigation on the photoluminescence reveals that the strong VUV luminescence of Y2O2S：Eu^3＋,Bi^3＋ at 147 nm is mainly because the Bi^3＋ acts as a medium and effectively performs the energy transfer process： Y^3＋-O^2-→Bi^3＋→Eu^3＋, while the intense emission band at 172 nm is attributed to the absorption of the characteristic ^1So-^1P1 transition of Bi^3＋ and the direct energy transfer from Bi^3＋ to Eu^3＋. The Y2O2S：Eu^3＋,Bi^3＋ shows excellent VUV optical properties compared with the commercial （Y,Gd）BO3：Eu^3＋. Thus, the Y2O2S：Eu^3＋,Bi^3＋ can be a potential red VUV-excited candidate applied in Hg-free lamps for backlight of liquid crystal display.     

Preparation and optical properties of SrF2:Eu nanospheres

SrF₂:Eu³⁺ nanospheres with homogeneous diameter have been synthesized by a microemulsion-mediated hydrothermal method for the first time, in which quaternary microemulsion of CTAB/water/cyclohexane/n-pentanol was used. The possible reaction mechanism and the luminescent properties of SrF₂:Eu³⁺ nanospheres were also investigated in this paper. The morphology and grain sizes of final products were characterized by field emission scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy, indicating that most of the products were nanospheres with an average diameter of ∼50 nm. Room-temperature emission spectra, recorded under 394-nm excitation, showed that the transition of ⁵D₀ → ⁷F₁ emission be dominating in SrF₂:Eu³⁺ nanospheres. From the dependence of the luminescence intensity on the concentration of Eu³⁺ ions, the optimal dopant concentration is 2 mol%.     

Effect of SnO2 Nanocrystals on the Emission of Eu3+ Ions in Silica Matrix

Silica xerogels containing Eu³⁺ ions and SnO₂ nanocrystals were prepared in the sol‐gel process, and characterized by x‐ray diffraction (XRD) and photoluminescence spectra. Under the excitation at 393 nm, characteristic emission of Eu³⁺ ions at 614 nm was enhanced with increasing amount of SnO₂ nanocrystals. Moreover, when the Eu³⁺/SnO₂ co‐doped samples were excited at 345 nm, corresponding to the sideband of SnO₂ nanocrystals, the emission of Eu³⁺ ions at 614 nm was clearly observed, while no emission of Eu³⁺ ions for the Eu³⁺‐doped sample. It may be ascribed to the energy transfer from SnO₂ conduction band to Eu³⁺ conduction band. Further experimental results suggest that the energy transfer may be achieved through surface transition state.     

Synthesis and luminescence properties of nanocrystalline YVO4:Eu

Nanocrystalline YVO₄:Eu³⁺ was synthesized by direct precipitation reaction, which was then annealed at different temperatures. The results of XRD showed that nanocrystalline YVO₄:Eu³⁺ could be obtained in solution at 60 °C, and the mean particle sizes of samples are increased as annealing temperature is increased. The results of TEM exhibit that the sizes of samples are around 5-30 nm. Studies on the excitation spectra show that there are a large number of the structural distortions in smaller particles. By analyzing line splitting patterns and peaks broadening in the emission spectra, we consider that the deviations in intensity patterns of ⁵D₀-⁷F₂ are affected by distortions of crystal lattice. Some abnormal behaviors can be attributed to higher ratio of surface to volume, which lead to the different local symmetry environment of Eu³⁺ ions on the surface.     

Synthesis, photophysical and oxygen-sensing properties of a novel Eu complex incorporated in mesoporous MCM-41

A novel Eu³⁺ complex of Eu(DPIQ)(TTA)₃ (DPIQ=10H-dipyrido [f,h] indolo [3,2-b] quinoxaline, TTA=2-thenoyltrifluoroacetonate) was synthesized and encapsulated in the mesoporous MCM-41, hoping to explore an oxygen-sensing system based on the long-lived Eu³⁺ emitter. The Eu(DPIQ)(TTA)₃/MCM-41 composites were characterized by infrared spectra (IR), ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectra, small-angle X-ray diffraction (SAXRD), luminescence intensity quenching upon various oxygen concentrations, and fluorescence decay analysis. The results indicated that the composites exhibited the characteristic emission of the Eu³⁺ ion and the fluorescence intensity of ⁵D₀-⁷F₂ obviously decreased with increasing oxygen concentrations. The oxygen sensing properties of the composites with different loading levels of Eu(DPIQ)(TTA)₃ complex were investigated. A sensitivity of 3.04, a short response time of 7 s, and good linearity were obtained for the composites with a loading level of 20 mg/g. These results are the best reported values for optical oxygen-sensing materials based on Eu³⁺ complexes so far.     

A Double-Band Emitter with Ultranarrow-Band Blue and Narrow-Band Green Luminescence

Understanding the origin and mechanisms of luminescence is a crucial point when it comes to the development of new phosphors with targeted luminescence properties. Herein, a new phosphor belonging to the substance class of alkali metal lithosilicates with the generalized sum formula Cs_{4−x−y−z}Rb_xNa_yLi_z[Li₃SiO₄]₄:Eu²⁺ is reported. Single crystals of the cyan-emitting UCr₄C₄-type phosphor show a peculiar double-band luminescence with one ultranarrow emission band at 473 nm and a narrow emission band at 531 nm under excitation with UV light (λ_exc=408 nm). Regarding occupation of the channels by the light metal ions, investigations of single-crystal XRD data led to the assumption that domain formation with distinct lithium- and sodium-filled channels occurs. Depending on which of these channels hosts the activator ion Eu²⁺, a green or blue emission results. The herein-presented results shed new light on the luminescence process in the well-studied UCr₄C₄-type alkali metal lithosilicate phosphors.     

Distribution-related luminescence of Eu sensitized by SnO2 nano-crystals embedding in oxide glassy matrix

Eu³⁺ doped transparent glass ceramics embedding SnO₂ nano-crystals were prepared by melt quenching and subsequent heating. Site selective excitation experiments revealed that some Eu³⁺ ions were incorporated in the SnO₂ lattices by substituting Sn⁴⁺ ions, whereas the rest located in the oxide glassy matrix. Interestingly, it is found that the Eu³⁺ ions residing in the SnO₂ lattices exhibited much longer luminescent decay lifetime than those in the glassy matrix. Measurements on the photoluminescence excitation and photoluminescence spectra demonstrated the occurrence of energy transfer from the SnO₂ nano-crystals to the Eu³⁺ ions. The influences of Eu³⁺ content, and furthermore, their location on the energy transfer process were discussed.     

Rare-Earth Actived Sol-Gel Films for Scintillator Applications

Recently, there has been a growth of interest in new phosphors preparation for high resolution X-rays imaging systems. Sol-gel method has been used to synthesize europium doped gadolinium and lutetium oxide films. Structural and optical results are investigated and discussed on both Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ (5 mol%) and Lu₂O₃:Eu³⁺ (5 mol%). Those films are crystallized into cubic phase and present a density of 7.1 g/cm³ and 8.4 g/cm³ for Gd₂O₃:Eu³⁺ and Lu₂O₃:Eu³⁺ respectively. Room temperature emission spectra using an excitation of 468 nm was used to obtain the intense red emission ⁵D₀ ⁷F₂ (611 nm) of Eu³⁺. Scintillation properties at 611 nm are finally proved using X-rays excitation.     

La7O6(BO3)(PO4)2:Eu3+/Tb3+荧光材料的制备及其光致发光性能

采用优化的高温固相方法制备了稀土离子Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺掺杂的La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂系荧光材料,并对其物相行为、晶体结构、光致发光性能和热稳定性进行了详细研究。结果表明,La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂：Eu³⁺材料在紫外光激发下能够发射出红光,发射光谱中最强发射峰位于616 nm处,为⁵D₀→⁷F₂特征能级跃迁,Eu³⁺的最优掺杂浓度为0.08,对应的CIE坐标为（0.610 2,0.382 3）;La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂：Tb³⁺材料在紫外光激发下能够发射出绿光,发射光谱中最强发射峰位于544 nm处,对应Tb³⁺的⁵D₄→⁷F₅能级跃迁,Tb³⁺离子的最优掺杂浓度为0.15,对应的CIE坐标为（0.317 7,0.535 2）。此外,对2种材料的变温光谱分析发现Eu³⁺和Tb³⁺掺杂的La₇O₆（BO₃）（PO₄）₂荧光材料均具有良好的热稳定性。     

A novel red emitting phosphor Ca2SnO4: Eu

A novel red emitting phosphor, Eu³⁺-doped Ca₂SnO₄, was prepared by the solid-state reaction. X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) analysis confirmed the formation of Ca₂SnO₄: Eu³⁺. Field-emission scanning electron-microscopy (FE-SEM) observation indicated a narrow size-distribution of about 500 nm for the particles with spherical shape. Photoluminescence measurements indicated that the phosphor exhibits bright red emission at about 615 nm under UV excitation. The excellent luminescence properties make it possible as a good candidate for plasma display panels (PDP) application. Splitting of the ⁵D₀-⁷F_J transitions of Ca₂SnO₄: Eu³⁺ suggests that the Eu³⁺ ions occupied two nonequivalent sites in the crystallite. The luminescence lifetime measurement showed a bi-exponential decay, providing other evidence for the existence of two different environments for Eu³⁺ ions.     

(Ca,Me)La4Si3O13:Eu3+(Me=Sr,Ba)荧光粉的结构和发光特性

采用高温固相法制备了(Ca,Me)La4Si3O13∶Eu3+(Me=Sr,Ba)系列红色荧光体,考察了Eu3+掺杂浓度和Sr2+,Ba2+置换对荧光体结构和发光特性的影响。Eu3+最佳掺杂浓度为nEu3+∶nLa3+=1∶7,5D0-7F2与5D0-7F1跃迁发射强度比为2.55。Eu3+掺杂使晶胞参数a和c呈线性变小,对c的影响大于a,使a/c比增大。Sr2+和Ba2+分别置换基质中的Ca2+可以形成完全固溶体,晶胞参数随Sr2+或Ba2+的置换量增加呈线性增大,使a/c比减小。各发射峰强度在Sr2+置换量为0.4 mol时出现极大值,但随Ba2+置换量的增加而不断增强,全置换后荧光强度最大。荧光体的色坐标为(0.638 5,0.353 0)。     

The standard and anomalous crystal-field spectra of Eu

The crystal-field (CF) spectra of Eu³⁺ in various inorganic crystalline phases are summarized based on previous investigations. A majority of experimental results can be well interpreted using a standard CF model. However, there are cases in which the spectroscopic properties and fluorescence dynamics of Eu³⁺ cannot be interpreted within the framework of the standard model. A particularly interesting system is Eu³⁺ doped into microcrystals of a charge-unbalanced host such as BaFCl. For Eu³⁺:BaFCl, one Eu³⁺ site (Site I) exhibits normal CF splitting and its energy levels and fluorescence intensity are similar to most other normal systems ever reported. A standard CF fitting has been performed for Site I. However, Eu³⁺ at a distorted site (Site II) is of anomalous fluorescence dynamics and CF splitting which are significantly different from those of Site I. In the metastable state of ⁵D₀, Eu³⁺ ions at Site II also exhibit unusual temperature-dependent lifetime.