离子液体中的纤维素溶解、再生及材料制备研究进展

近年来,离子液体作为一类新型的环境友好介质和软功能材料受到了广泛的关注,并被广泛应用于有机合成、催化、电化学、分离分析等领域.其中,离子液体中的纤维素化学是当前离子液体研究的热点领域之一,离子液体的出现也为纤维素化学的进一步发展提供了广阔的空间.离子液体以其低熔点、高稳定性、低蒸汽压、溶解性能可调节等优异的理化性能已被证实为纤维素的有效溶剂,被广泛用于纤维素的溶解、再生及应用研究.综述了离子液体中纤维素的溶解行为,包括纤维素溶解度的影响因素、纤维素在离子液体中的溶解过程、纤维素的溶解及再生机理等,以及离子液体中基于纤维素的新型材料制备研究进展,并对离子液体中纤维素研究存在的问题和未来的发展方向进行了总结和展望.     

离子液体在生物质利用方面的应用

能源和环境危机日益严重,生物质作为唯一可再生的碳源,其开发利用备受关注.同时离子液体因其不挥发、较好的稳定性和可重复利用等优点,可作为新型绿色溶剂.近年来,离子液体和生物质利用的研究交叉渗透,研究者们完成了一系列离子液体在生物质利用方面的应用研究.本文主要从生物基离子液体和离子液体作为生物质利用的介质两方面对该研究进行...     

离子液体微乳液体系的应用研究

室温离子液体具有诸多优异的物理化学性质及功能,是一类备受关注的新型介质和材料,应用于诸多领域。特别是近年来,由离子液体参与形成的微乳液因其在生物、医药、催化以及材料制备等领域具有潜在的应用前景而备受关注。本文综述了近年来咪唑类离子液体作为极性、非极性和表面活性剂组分,分别取代微乳液体系中的水相、油相和表面活性剂相,形成的一系列新型的微乳液体系的研究进展,归纳了水、有机溶剂、高聚物、助表面活性剂、温度等因素对离子液体微乳液性质的影响。重点介绍了离子液体微乳液的热点应用,包括以离子液体微乳液液滴为模板合成纳米材料,离子液体微乳液作为酶反应的介质及其在有机反应等方面的研究进展。     

前言:离子液体与绿色工程专刊

正近年来,离子液体作为一种新型绿色介质,已经在催化、材料、新能源、电化学、生物、石油化工等领域展现出广阔的应用前景,迅速成为世界各国绿色化学化工研究的热点.从诞生之日起,离子液体即被积极地用于替代传统催化剂或易挥发、有毒的溶剂,旨在改善传统催化过程中环境污染、原子经济性低、反应条件     

离子液体应用于电合成导电聚合物*

自20世纪70年代导电聚合物发现以来,聚吡咯、聚苯胺、聚噻吩、聚（3,4-乙撑二氧噻吩）、聚对苯及其衍生物等,以其特殊的电子、电化学、光学性质以及巨大应用潜力受到广泛关注。离子液体是一类在室温或接近室温时呈液态的离子化合物,作为一类环境友好的新型绿色溶剂,具有很多独特的物理化学性质。本文综述了离子液体作为反应介质、支持电解质、测试介质以及离子液体参与形成的聚集体,在导电聚合物的电化学合成以及电化学性质测试中的研究进展,并展望了发展趋势。     

计时电流法测定Fe3+在离子液体BPBF4中的扩散系数

室温离子液体(简称离子液体)作为新型的反应介质和功能材料受到学术界和产业界的高度关注,正在迅速成为多学科交叉的前沿研究领域和具有良好应用前景的“绿色”高新技术,过渡金属化合物是许多重要反应的催化剂,过渡金属离子在室温离子液体中的性质是工业界关心的课题,有关过渡金属的离子液体的研究,     

基于离子液体的炭材料制备、改性及应用

离子液体因其熔点低、液态温域宽、蒸气压低、热稳定性高、电导率高、电化学窗口宽、结构可设计及对许多化合物的亲和性等系列性能而引起人们广泛关注。离子液体在炭材料制备、改性领域展示出了良好的前景及巨大的应用潜力,可直接作为碳源,经过高温炭化实现杂原子掺杂制备多孔炭材料;离子液体也可充当反应介质和致孔剂,将生物质转化为多孔炭材料;此外,由于离子液体与炭材料相容性较好,可以用于多孔炭材料改性制备炭复合材料。基于离子液体的炭材料在电催化、超级电容器、吸附分离及生物医学等领域具有潜在的应用价值。本文总结了基于离子液体炭材料的制备、改性及应用最新研究进展,并着重介绍了其在能源和环境相关领域的应用。     

离子液体在环境与生物样品分析中的应用及研究进展

离子液体作为一类安全稳定、环境友好的新型介质,因其具有别于传统挥发性有机溶剂的独特的性质,开始用于化学研究的很多领域.在分析检测中,离子液体的研究主要集中在分离富集、电化学分析与传感器、光谱与质谱等方面.本文评述了离子液体在这些领域的应用,并对其前景进行了展望.     

负载型离子液体的研究进展及发展趋势

离子液体作为一类新型绿色介质,具有低熔点、难挥发、宽电化学窗口、结构可调等特性.负载型离子液体将离子液体与不同种类载体结合,维持其流动或结构特性,具有高活性、高选择性、易回收、降低工艺能耗等优点,突破传统离子液体在工业应用中的限制,为实现离子液体规模化应用提供新方法.本文总结了负载型离子液体近年来的研究进展,介绍了负载型离子液体的分类及浸渍法、键合法、溶胶-凝胶法等常用的制备方法;阐述了其筛选预测模型及在模拟计算中的研究进展;论述了负载型离子液体在催化、分离中的应用进展;讨论了负载型离子液体未来的发展趋势.     

离子液体固载型功能材料的应用研究进展

随着人们对生物质能源和绿色清洁化学过程越来越重视,离子液体因其稳定性、低粘度和高电导率等优良性能,成为20世纪90年代初研究团队广泛关注的一类新型绿色溶剂,对其研究内容和应用领域也日趋完善和丰富,特别是在催化反应、电化学、材料化学以及生物质的前处理等领域的发展.对于离子液体的应用研究主要存在着用量庞大、价格昂贵、催化剂不易分离和提纯过程烦琐等缺陷.所以,近年来许多学者尝试通过吸附或者接枝固载化的方法,将离子液体固载于无机多孔材料或者有机高分子材料上,把离子液体的特性转移到多相固体催化剂上,可应用于固定床连续化、封闭化反应.本文对离子液体固载技术的诞生及发展做了详细地梳理,并将离子液体固载技术的应用领域做了多角度地总结,根据离子液体类型的不同,主要是作为催化剂应用于反应催化领域;根据固态载体的不同,主要是作为功能材料应用于吸附分离领域.     

Ionic liquids: solvents and sorbents in sample preparation

The applications of ionic liquids (ILs) and IL‐derived sorbents are rapidly expanding. By careful selection of the cation and anion components, the physicochemical properties of ILs can be altered to meet the requirements of specific applications. Reports of IL solvents possessing high selectivity for specific analytes are numerous and continue to motivate the development of new IL‐based sample preparation methods that are faster, more selective, and environmentally benign compared to conventional organic solvents. The advantages of ILs have also been exploited in solid/polymer formats in which ordinarily nonspecific sorbents are functionalized with IL moieties in order to impart selectivity for an analyte or analyte class. Furthermore, new ILs that incorporate a paramagnetic component into the IL structure, known as magnetic ionic liquids (MILs), have emerged as useful solvents for bioanalytical applications. In this rapidly changing field, this Review focuses on the applications of ILs and IL‐based sorbents in sample preparation with a special emphasis on liquid phase extraction techniques using ILs and MILs, IL‐based solid‐phase extraction, ILs in mass spectrometry, and biological applications.     

Ionic liquids in microemulsions

Ionic liquids (ILs) are being increasingly studied in many different chemical application areas, particularly in green solvent applications that are extending into microemulsion applications. We summarize herein these initial microemulsion formulations and applications where ILs are used as oil substitutes, water substitutes, co-surfactants (additives), and surfactants.     

Analytical developments and applications of ionic liquids for environmental studies

Ionic liquids (ILs) are considered advanced solvents with interesting properties that have led to remarkable improvements in the performance of analytical methods and their practical application. Analytical chemistry has profited from the evolution of ILs in diverse contexts, ranging from their applications in microextractions to uses as matrices for mass spectrometric determinations. Their use in sample preparation has meant significant improvements in terms of miniaturization and analytical performance, and given place to new techniques based on liquid-liquid and solid-phase extractions; the latter greatly driven forward by the combination of ILs with nanomaterials. Furthermore, electrodes have been prepared by combining ILs with different modern materials, significantly improving the sensitivity and selectivity of electroanalytical methods. Moreover, the implementation of ILs as additives to mobile and stationary phases in separation techniques has been proved to improve liquid and gas chromatography, as well as capillary electrophoresis, in terms of the number of analytes that can be efficiently separated and of the useful life of columns, representing also a promising alternative to environmentally dangerous organic solvents. Additionally, their application as matrix modifiers and as ion-pairing additives has introduced their use in mass spectrometry. In this review, the design and implementation of innovative and highly efficient analytical methods based on ILs for the sensitive and selective determination of diverse analytes in environmental matrices is described. Critical issues that have arisen from their application and future challenges in electrochemical, separation and preconcentration techniques based on these solvents are also presented.     

Syntheses and characterization of few bio-ionic liquids comprising of cholinium cation and plant derived carboxylic acids as anions

Due to the increasing trend to use ionic liquids (ILs) for number of applications, it is of utmost importance to ensure non toxicity of the solvent systems which may contaminate the processed products. The reported toxicity of several imidazolium based ionic liquids posed a need to develop bio based ILs for various applications which are due to their bio-origin are bio compatible, nontoxic and biodegradable. Herein eleven bio-based ionic liquids were prepared using acid moieties available in various plants and characterized. Although some of the ILs were used to separate antibodies such as IgG from rat serum in the form of aqueous biphasic systems but to find their direct application for material preparation and food applications, herein rheological behavior of the ILs were investigated. The choline based IL containing coumarine-3-carboxylate was found to have highest zero shear viscosity while the IL with D-(−)-quinate was found to have the lowest. The viscoelastic behavior of the ionic liquids established anion dependent viscous and liquid like behavior of the ionic liquids. Interestingly the ILs showed viscosity independent ion conductivity. Due to the high conductivity, stable physical state and bio-origin such ILs have the potential for applications in electrochemistry, food and material science.     

Metal Sulfide Nanoparticle Synthesis with Ionic Liquids – State of the Art and Future Perspectives

Metal sulfides are among the most promising materials for a wide variety of technologically relevant applications ranging from energy to environment and beyond. Incidentally, ionic liquids (ILs) have been among the top research subjects for the same applications and also for inorganic materials synthesis. As a result, the exploitation of the peculiar properties of ILs for metal sulfide synthesis could provide attractive new avenues for the generation of new, highly specific metal sulfides for numerous applications. This article therefore describes current developments in metal sulfide nanoparticle synthesis as exemplified by a number of highlight examples. Moreover, the article demonstrates how ILs have been used in metal sulfide synthesis and discusses the benefits of using ILs over more traditional approaches. Finally, the article demonstrates some technological challenges and how ILs could be used to further advance the production and specific property engineering of metal sulfide nanomaterials, again based on a number of selected examples.     

Amide-Based Ionic Liquid Electrolytes for Alkali-Metal-Ion Rechargeable Batteries

Ionic liquids (ILs) have a wide variety of applications in energy storage and material production. ILs are composed of only cations and anions, without any molecular solvents, and are generally known as “designer liquids (solvents)” because their physicochemical properties can be tuned by the combination of ionic species. In recent several decades, research and development activities of rechargeable batteries have garnered considerable attention because certain groups of ILs exhibit high electrochemical stability and moderate ionic conductivity, rendering them suitable for application in high-voltage batteries. ILs with amide anions are representative electrolytes and are extensively researched by many research groups, including our group. This paper focuses on amide-based ILs as electrolytes for alkali-metal-ion rechargeable batteries, introducing their history, characteristics, and existing challenges to be addressed.     

Applications of ionic liquids in electrochemical sensors

Ionic liquids (ILs) are molten salts with the melting point close to or below room temperature. They are composed of two asymmetrical ions of opposite charges that only loosely fit together (usually bulky organic cations and smaller anions). The good solvating properties, high conductivity, non-volatility, low toxicity, large electrochemical window (i.e. the electrochemical potential range over which the electrolyte is neither reduced nor oxidized on electrodes) and good electrochemical stability, make ILs suitable for many applications. Recently, novel ion selective sensors, gas sensors and biosensors based on ILs have been developed. IL gels were found to have good biocompatibility with enzymes, proteins and even living cells. Besides a brief discussion of the properties of ILs and their general applications based on these properties, this review focuses on the application of ILs in electroanalytical sensors.     

Zinc Borohydride-Ionic Liquid： Stable and Efficient System for Reductive Reaction of Aldehydes with Primary Amines to Corresponding Secondary Amines

Ionic liquids（ILs） are attracting much attention in various fields of chemical synthesis, electrochemical applications, liquid-liquid extractions, as well as biotransformations. Among those fields, the application of ILs as the potential green solvent for a wide variety of synthetic processes is an area of intense researches. High yield, high selectivity, and good catalytic charac-teristics have usually been achieved. After the isolation of products, ILs can usually be recovered and recycled many times by simple treating procedures, such as, filtration, extraction, and dryness.     

Molecular films of water-miscible ionic liquids formed on glassy carbon electrodes: characterization and electrochemical applications

This letter describes the formation and possible electrochemical applications of molecular films of water-miscible imidazolium-based ionic liquids (ILs) on glassy carbon (GC) electrodes. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and electrochemical results indicate that the water-miscible ILs used in this study can interact with the GC electrode and form molecular films on the electrode surface. The formed molecular films are found to possess striking electrochemical properties such as electrocatalysis toward ascorbic acid (AA) and the capability to facilitate direct electron transfer of horseradish peroxidase (HRP). This demonstration would pave the way for new electrochemical applications of water-miscible ILs and is envisaged to be useful for the investigation of the electrochemical properties of water-miscible ILs in aqueous media provided the same counteranion is used as the supporting electrolyte.     

Sugar-Based Ionic Liquids: Multifaceted Challenges and Intriguing Potential

Carbohydrates represent a promising option in transitioning from oil-based chemical resources to renewable ones, with the goal of developing chemistries for a sustainable future. Cellulose, hemicellulose, and largely available monosaccharides already provide useful chemical building blocks, so-called platform chemicals, such as levulinic acid and hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as solvents like cyrene or gamma-valerolactone. Therefore, there is great anticipation for novel applications involving materials and chemicals derived from sugars. In the field of ionic liquids (ILs), sugar-based ILs have been overlooked for a long time, mainly on account of their multistep demanding preparation. However, exploring new strategies for accessing sugar-based ILs, their study, and their exploitation, are attracting increasing interest. This is due to the growing concerns about the negative (eco)toxicity profile of most ILs in conjunction with their non-sustainable nature. In the present review, a literature survey concerning the development of sugar-based ILs since 2011 is presented. Their preparation strategies and thermal behavior analyses, sorted by sugar type, make up the first two sections with the intention to provide the reader with a useful guide. A final overview of the potential applications of sugar-based ILs and their future perspectives complement the present analysis.