Pointfree forms of Dowker’s and Michael’s insertion theorems

In this paper we prove two strict insertion theorems for frame homomorphisms. When applied to the frame of all open subsets of a topological space they are equivalent to the insertion statements of the classical theorems of Dowker and Michael regarding, respectively, normal countably paracompact spaces and perfectly normal spaces. In addition, a study of perfect normality for frames is made.     

Insertion of lattice-valued and hedgehog-valued functions

Problems of inserting lattice-valued functions are investigated. We provide an analogue of the classical insertion theorem of Lane [Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 49 (1975) 90-94] for L-valued functions where L is a ?-separable completely distributive lattice (i.e. L admits a countable join-dense subset which is free of completely join-irreducible elements). As a corollary we get an L-version of the Katětov-Tong insertion theorem due to Liu and Luo [Topology Appl. 45 (1992) 173-188] (our proof is different and much simpler). We show that ?-separable completely distributive lattices are closed under the formation of countable products. In particular, the Hilbert cube is a ?-separable completely distributive lattice and some join-dense subset is shown to be both order and topologically isomorphic to the hedgehog J(ω) with appropriately defined topology. This done, we deduce an insertion theorem for J(ω)-valued functions which is independent of that of Blair and Swardson [Indian J. Math. 29 (1987) 229-250]. Also, we provide an iff criterion for inserting a pair of semicontinuous function which yields, among others, a characterization of hereditarily normal spaces.     

Real dicompact textures

A notion of real compactness for completely biregular bi-T₂ ditopological texture spaces is defined and studied under the name real dicompactness. In particular it is shown that real dicompact spaces are nearly plain ∗-spaces, and an important characterization is presented. Finally the connection of this work with topological and bitopological real compactness is discussed in a categorical setting.     

The extended Cantor–Bendixson analysis of trees

The Hausdorff analysis of chains is an instance of the Cantor–Bendixson analysis of topological spaces. Using the methods of point-free topology I obtain a considerable extension of Hausdorffs methods applicable to all trees.Received January 27, 2004; accepted in final form August 3, 2004.     

An asymmetric characterization of the congruence frame

The functor from regular biframes to frames, taking first parts, is shown to be faithful. This result is used to provide many examples of identical embeddings which are epimorphisms in the category of frames. Then the congruence frame, regarded as a biframe, is characterized as being the unique regular biframe extension. This provides a pointfree analogue to a result of Salbany (1970, 1974 [16]) that the forgetful functor from completely regular bitopological spaces to all topological spaces, taking first parts, has a unique section.     

LOCAL COMPACTNESS IN SEMI-UNIFORM CONVERGENCE SPACES

Abstract

Local compactness is studied in the highly convenient setting of semi-uniform convergence spaces which form a common generalization of (symmetric) limit spaces (and thus of symmetric topological spaces) as well as of uniform limit spaces (and thus of uniform spaces). It turns out that it leads to a cartesian closed topological category and, in contrast to the situation for topological spaces, the local compact spaces are exactly the compactly generated spaces. Furthermore, a one-point Hausdorff compactification for noncompact locally compact Hausdorff convergence spaces is considered.¹     

STRONG ZERO-DIMENSIONALITY OF BIFRAMES AND BISPACES

Abstract

A bispace is called strongly zero-dimensional if its bispace Stone—?ech compactification is zero—dimensional. To motivate the study of such bispaces we show that among those functorial quasi—uniformities which are admissible on all completely regular bispaces, some are and others are not transitive on the strongly zero-dimensional bispaces. This is in contrast with our result that every functorial admissible uniformity on the completely regular spaces is transitive precisely on the strongly zero-dimensional spaces.

We then extend the notion of strong zero-dimensionality to frames and biframes, and introduce a De Morgan property for biframes. The Stone—Cech compactification of a De Morgan biframe is again De Morgan. In consequence, the congruence biframe of any frame and the Skula biframe of any topological space are De Morgan and hence strongly zero-dimensional. Examples show that the latter two classes of biframes differ essentially.     

Rings of real functions in pointfree topology

This paper deals with the algebra F(L) of real functions on a frame L and its subclasses LSC(L) and USC(L) of, respectively, lower and upper semicontinuous real functions. It is well known that F(L) is a lattice-ordered ring; this paper presents explicit formulas for its algebraic operations which allow to conclude about their behaviour in LSC(L) and USC(L).As applications, idempotent functions are characterized and previous pointfree results about strict insertion of functions are significantly improved: general pointfree formulations that correspond exactly to the classical strict insertion results of Dowker and Michael regarding, respectively, normal countably paracompact spaces and perfectly normal spaces are derived.The paper ends with a brief discussion concerning the frames in which every arbitrary real function on the α-dissolution of the frame is continuous.     

Local connectedness in merotopic spaces

Abstract

In this paper uniformly locally uniformly connected merotopic spaces are studied. It turns out that their structural behaviour is essentially similar to that one of locally connected topological spaces. The introduced concept is also investigated for spaces of functions between filter-merotopic spaces (e.g. topological spaces, proximity spaces, convergence spaces) and the relationship to other concepts of local connectedness is clarified. In particular, the category of uniformly locally uniformly connected filter-merotopic spaces is Cartesian closed.     

Localic real functions: A general setting

In pointfree topology the lattice-ordered ring of all continuous real functions on a frame L has not been a part of the lattice of all lower (or upper) semicontinuous real functions on L just because all those continuities involve different domains. This paper demonstrates a framework in which all those continuous and semicontinuous functions arise (up to isomorphism) as members of the lattice-ordered ring of all frame homomorphisms from the frame L(R) of reals into S(L), the dual of the co-frame of all sublocales of L. The lattice-ordered ring is a pointfree counterpart of the ring R^X with X a topological space. We thus have a pointfree analogue of the concept of an arbitrarynot necessarily (semi) continuous real function on L. One feature of this remarkable conception is that one eventually has: lower semicontinuous + upper semicontinuous = continuous. We document its importance by showing how nicely can the insertion, extension and regularization theorems, proved earlier by these authors, be recast in the new setting.     

Monotone insertion and monotone extension of frame homomorphisms

The purpose of this paper is to introduce monotonization in the setting of pointfree topology. More specifically, monotonically normal locales are characterized in terms of monotone insertion and monotone extensions theorems.     

Injective spaces via adjunction

The work of the present author and his coauthors over the past years gives evidence that it may be useful to regard each topological space as a kind of enriched category, by interpreting the convergence relation x→x between ultrafilters and points of a topological space X as arrows in X. Naturally, this point of view opens the door to the use of concepts and ideas from enriched Category Theory for the investigation of topological spaces. Topological theories introduced by the author provide a convenient general setting for appropriately transferring these concepts and ideas to the world of topological spaces and some other geometric objects such as approach spaces. Using tools like adjunction and the Yoneda lemma, we show that the cocomplete spaces are precisely the injective spaces, and they are algebras for a suitable monad on . This way we obtain enriched versions of known results about injective topological spaces and continuous lattices.     

FUZZY SOBRIETY AND FUZZY HAUSDORFF

Abstract

Sobriety in the setting of fuzzy topological spaces and its relation to the fuzzy Hausdorff concept(s) is discussed     

Exponential objects and Cartesian closedness in the constructPrtop

We give an internal characterization of the exponential objects in the constructPrtop and investigate Cartesian closedness for coreflective or topological full subconstructs ofPrtop. If $ is the set {0} {1/n;n 1} endowed with the topology induced by the real line, we show that there is no full coreflective subconstruct ofPrtop containing $ and which is Cartesian closed. With regard to topological full subconstructs ofPrtop we give an example of a Cartesian closed one that is large enough to contain all topological Fréchet spaces and allT ₁ pretopological Fréchet spaces.Aspirant NFWO     

PRODUCTS IN TOPOLOGY

Abstract

Examples are provided which demonstrate that in many cases topological products do not behave as they should. A new product for topological spaces is defined in a natural way by means of interior covers. In general this is no longer a topological space but can be interpreted as categorical product in a category larger than Top. For compact spaces the new product coincides with the old. There is a converse: For symmetric topological spaces X the following conditions are equivalent: (1) X is compact; (2) for each cardinal k the old and the new product X^k coincide; (3) for each compact Hausdorff space Y the old and the new product X x Y coincide. The new product preserves paracompactness, zero-dimensionality (in the covering sense), the Lindelöf property, and regular-closedness. With respect to the new product, a space is N-complete iff it is zerodimensional and R-complete.     

Quasi-metrics and monotone normality

The purpose of this paper is to study which quasi-metrizable spaces are monotonically normal. In particular, we provide a sufficient condition for a quasi-metrizable space to be monotonically normal. This enables us to prove the monotone normality of a certain amount of interesting examples of quasi-metric spaces; for instance, we show that the continuous poset of formal balls of a metric space, endowed with the Scott topology, is a monotonically normal quasi-metrizable space.     

Range universal spaces

We characterize those topological spaces Y for which the Isbell and finest splitting topologies on the set C(X,Y) of all continuous functions from X into Y coincide for all topological spaces X. We also consider the same question for the coincidence of the restriction of the finest splitting topology on the upper semicontinuous set-valued functions to C(X,Y) and the finest splitting topology on C(X,Y). In the first case, the spaces in question are, after identifying points that are in each others closures, subsets of the two point Sierpiński space, which gives a converse and generalization of a result of S. Dolecki, G.H. Greco, and A. Lechicki. In the second case, the spaces in question are, after identifying points that are in each others closures, order bases for bounded complete continuous DCPOs with the Scott topology.     

SMYTH COMPLETENESS IN TERMS OF NETS: THE GENERAL CASE

Abstract

Smyth completeness is the appropriate notion of completeness for quasi-uniform spaces carrying an additional topology to serve as domains of computation [2, 3]. The goal of this paper is to provide a better understanding of Smyth completeness by giving a characterization in terms of nets. We develop the notion of computational Cauchy net and an appropriate notion of strong convergence to get the result that a space is Smyth complete if and only if every computational Cauchy net strongly converges. As we are dealing with typically non-symmetric spaces, this is not an instance of the classical net-filter translation in general topology.     

Bornologies and metrically generated theories

Bornologies axiomatize an abstract notion of bounded sets and are introduced as collections of subsets satisfying a number of consistency properties. Bornological spaces form a topological construct, the morphisms of which are those functions which preserve bounded sets. A typical example is a bornology generated by a metric, i.e. the collection of all bounded sets for that metric. In a recent paper [E. Colebunders, R. Lowen, Metrically generated theories, Proc. Amer. Math. Soc. 133 (2005) 1547-1556] the authors noted that many examples are known of natural functors describing the transition from categories of metric spaces to the “metrizable” objects in some given topological construct such that, in some natural way, the metrizable objects generate the whole construct. These constructs can be axiomatically described and are called metrically generated. The construct of bornological spaces is not metrically generated, but an important large subconstruct is. We also encounter other important examples of metrically generated constructs, the constructs of Lipschitz spaces, of uniform spaces and of completely regular spaces. In this paper, the unified setting of metrically generated theories is used to study the functorial relationship between these constructs and the one of bornological spaces.