臭氧分子在激光场中的多光子激发

采用二次量子化方法和酉变换讨论了O3分子在激光场中的多光子激发.推导出了O3分子的振动Hamiltonian 算子、从基态到各激发态的跃迁几率公式,以及O3分子从激光场中吸收的光子数公式,并分析了计算结果.这包括对O3分子伸缩振动能谱的计算及与实验结果的比较,跃迁几率随外场频率的变化、随时间的变化,以及O3分子在辐射场中的能量吸收情况(取光场强度为5×10-2 W/cm2).建立讨论所有具有C2v对称分子从基态到第四激发态以下各态多光子激发问题的模型.     

键的选择性光激发是可能的吗? 兼答本刊征答(20)

大多数光化学反应的主要过程可以归结为:分子在光辐照下由基态变为电子激发态,随即发生分子核骨架的变化(如分子的重排或键的断裂等),从而生成预期的反应产物。如果辐照光的频率仅与分子振动能级的跃迁所需能量相匹配,引起的将是分子的振动激发。在大多数情况下,受激分子仍属于电子基态,不会发生光化学反应。可是当辐照光的能密度很大时,则有可能迫使分子同时或者连续地吸收多个光子,提升到高振动激发态,并有可能导致分子从电子基态跃迁到电子激发态,从而发生键的断裂或核骨架的重排。这种光化学反应在70年代曾被称为红外光化学反应,现在则更多地被称作振动光化学反应。这个领域由于大功率红外激光器的出现和有可能实现键的选择性激发,曾引起化学界的极大关注。     

三芳基咪唑类化合物的合成及其双光子吸收性能研究

双光子吸收是指物质分子或原子在强激光激发下同时吸收两个光子,从基态跃迁到两倍光子能量激发态的过程。目前,双光子吸收材料已广泛地应用到双光子激发显微[1]、频率上转换激射[2-3]、光学限幅、三维光信息存储[4]以及光生物学等领域。但在已报道的双光子诱导上转换荧光的有机     

乙胺和二甲胺分子(n_N,3s)里德堡态共振的多光子电离

MPI质谱研究作为化学分析和研究光物理过程的工具受到广泛的重视[1－4]．REMPI的特征过程是，首先分子吸收。个光子共振激发到中间态，然后处于中间激发态的分子再吸收n个光子激发到电离连续区[5]．REMPI的谱特征可以给出中间态分布的详细信息[6]，利用REMPI过程可研究单光子跃     

OCS的多光子电离高分辨光电子能谱

硫氧化碳OCS是线性三原子分子，这类小分子的激发态、离子态能级结构、能级之间的相互作用及电离过程，是研究中所关心的问题．Tanaka等[1]和Kopp[2]测量了OCS的VUV吸收光谱，Frey和Schlag等[3]以同步辐射光源，用光电离共振（PIR）谱方法、Kovac[4]和Wang，Shirley等[5]以Hel为电离光源，分别采用传统的光电子能谱和高分辨光电子能谱技术研究了CO2、CS2和OCS分子从电子振动基态吸收单个光子而电离的过程．Yang和Anderson等问为了作选态的离子一分子反应利用可调谐激光rt光子吸收将OCS选择激发到某一中间态，OCS再吸收光子后…     

马来腈二硫纶·邻菲咯啉镍(Ⅱ)配合物的电子光谱和理论研究

测量了标题配合物Ni(mnt)(phen)在多种介质中的电子吸收光谱和发射光谱,使用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法和分子轨道理论的PM3方法研究了其气态分子几何构型、电子结构和成键,用ZINDO／S方法通过多组态的组态相互作用(CI)计算解释了实验光谱．结果表明：该配合物分子为平面结构,对称性属于点群C2v,基态为自旋三重态,配位键Ni-N和Ni-S为典型的共价结合,Ni的3d电子反馈效应较显著;可见区的吸收带和发射带(对应于基态电子组态到较低能量激发态组态的跃迁)本质上属于配体phen到mnt^2-的荷移跃迁(LL'CT),紫外区的吸收带本质上属于配体的π→π*跃迁。     

取代对N,N-二甲基苯乙烯基蒽的含时密度泛函研究

运用B3LYP方法和HF单激发态相互作用（CIS）方法分别优化了2-对N,N-二甲基苯乙烯基蒽（2-pNC）和9-对N,N-二甲基苯乙烯基蒽（9-pNC）分子的基态及最低激发单重态几何结构.系统分析了前线分子轨道特征,并探索了电子跃迁机理,应用含时密度泛函理论计算了分子的电子光谱.     

3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的电子结构和光谱性质

苯并蒽酮衍生物在新型荧光材料、非线性光学材料和液晶显示材料等领域有较大的应用前景.本文采用量子化学方法优化了3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的基态几何结构和第一单重激发态的几何结构,并与X射线晶体衍射实验值进行了对比.利用含时密度泛函理论(TD-DFT)的不同泛函,计算了3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮在气相和溶剂中的吸收和发射光谱,考察了它的电子结构和光谱特征,并分析了不同泛函、基组以及溶剂效应对吸收和发射光谱的影响.计算结果表明:3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的最强吸收和发射光谱都是具有π→π*跃迁特征的电荷转移(CT)态;泛函B3LYP能较好地重现实验吸收能;而对于具有分子内电荷转移特征的激发态,泛函MPWK能较好地重现实验发射能.溶剂效应的计算表明,不同极性的溶剂对3-吡咯烷基苯并蒽酮的吸收光谱和发射光谱的影响较小.理论预测的光谱与实验结果一致.     

2-苯基苯并噁唑的光解反应

聚对苯撑苯并二噁唑(PBO)纤维对光较为敏感,在紫外光照射下会发生降解.本文研究了该纤维的单体2-苯基苯并噁唑(PO)的初级光化学反应机理.当PO分子吸收一个光子而跃迁到第一激发态后,克服25.59kJ·mol-1能垒而越过过渡态,此时噁唑环打开,且两个苯环形成大约90°的二面角而得到产物,该产物可进一步与空气中的水发生次级反应.计算结果表明在第一激发态上噁唑开环反应很容易,但在基态势能面并没有发现噁唑的开环路径.分子中的原子(AIM)的计算结果与上述分析过程相吻合.     

溶剂化变色法测定有机分子β的若干问题

溶剂化变色法是测定有机分子超极化率．的一种半定量方法,已为许多实验室采用并取得了较好的结果．它的理论依据是描述有机分子产值的双能级模型【小式中：P。、11。分别为分子的基态和激发态偶极矩,。e。和11e。则分别为基态和激发态的跃迁频率和跃迁偶极矩．这包括三个方面     

Luminescence and upconversion from thulium(iii) species in solution

Thulium salts and complexes are shown to be emissive from three states in the excited state manifold of Tm(3+). Formation of the (1)D(2) state can result in luminescence, or in energy transfer to the lower energy (1)G(4) and (3)H(4) emissive states. Where chromophores are present in the ligand structure, emission is restricted to thulium centred emissive states that are lower in energy than the chromophore centred donor state. We have also observed direct multi-photon excitation of the thulium excited state manifold. Furthermore, additional transitions are observed in the multi-photon excitation spectra that are consistent with upconversion as a consequence of sequential single photon absorption and relaxation processes within the thulium excited state manifold.     

Resonant nonlinear absorption in Zn-phthalocyanines

In this work, we investigate the nonlinear absorption dynamics of Zn phthalocyanine in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO). We used single pulse and pulse train Z-scan techniques to determine the dynamics and absorption cross-sections of singlet and triplet states at 532 nm. The excited singlet state absorption cross-section was determined to be 3.2 times higher than the ground state one, giving rise to reverse saturable absorption. We also observed that reverse saturable absorption occurs from the triplet state, after its population by intersystem crossing, whose characteristic time was determined to be 8.9 ns. The triplet state absorption cross-section determined is 2.6 times higher than the ground state one. In addition, we used the white light continuum Z-scan to evaluate the singlet excited state spectrum from 450 to 710 nm. The results show two well-defined regions, one above 600 nm, where reverse saturable absorption is predominant. Below 600 nm, we detected a strong saturable absorption. A three-energy-level diagram was used to explain the experimental results, leading to the excited state absorption cross-section determination from 450 nm up to 710 nm.     

New type of near-infrared to visible photon upconversion in Tm2+-doped CsCaI3

Tm2+ doped in CsCaI3 displays unusual optical properties that are characterized by the existence of two metastable 4f-5d excited states in the near-infrared and visible spectral region, respectively. For the first time, a photon upconversion process based on sequential absorption of light by 4f-5d states is reported. The large absorption cross-section of the involved transitions allows highly efficient pumping in the NIR. An efficiency of 11% for the green upconversion luminescence is reached at 10 K, and the upconversion luminescence remains visible by eye up to room temperature. The energy positions of the relevant 4f-5d states and thus the photophysical and light emission properties can be tuned by chemical variation, such as placing the Tm2+ ion into the isostructural CsCaBr3 and CsCaCl3 lattices.     

Temperature effect on the two-photon absorption spectrum of all-trans-β-carotene

In this report, we investigate the influence of temperature on the two-photon absorption (2PA) spectrum of all-trans-β-carotene using the femtosecond white-light-continuum Z-scan technique. We observed that the 2PA cross-section decreases quadratically with the temperature. Such effect was modeled using a three-energy-level diagram within the sum-over-essential states approach, assuming temperature dependencies to the transition dipole moment and refractive index of the solvent. The results show that the transition dipole moments from ground to excited state and between the excited states, which governed the two-photon matrix element, have distinct behaviors with the temperature. The first one presents a quadratic dependence, while the second exhibits a linear dependence. Such effects were attributed mainly to the trans→cis thermal interconversion process, which decreases the effective conjugation length, contributing to diminishing the transition dipole moments and, consequently, the 2PA cross-section.     

On the Influence of Higher Excited States on the ISC Quantum Yield of Octa-aL-alkyloxy-substituted Zn-Phthalocyanine Molecules Studied by Nonlinear Absorption

Abstract— Octa-aL-alkyloxy-substituted Zn-phthalocyanines are an interesting class of far red-absorbing photosensitizers. The chemical structure, the calculated steric conformation, the observed linear optical properties and an anomalous luminescence from a higher than S, excited state are reported. To study the optical properties of higher excited states and their occupation dynamics up to delay times of 15 ns we have carried out measurements of transient absorption spectra after 14 ps pulsed, resonant B-band and Q-band excitation. From these measurements the excited state singlet-singlet and triplet-triplet spectra as well as the intersystem crossing (ISC) quantum yields are obtained. The main result is an excitation wavelength-dependent ISC quantum yield that can be explained by an additional ISC channel between higher excited singlet and triplet states. The large rate of this channel is justified by the resonance between higher triplet states, observed in the triplet-triplet spectrum and the B, absorption band. Using kinetic model calculations, a lifetime of the higher excited singlet state of some picoseconds is predicted and the influence of a two-step absorption process on the population density of this higher excited singlet state is discussed.     

Impact of electronic coupling, symmetry, and planarization on one- and two-photon properties of triarylamines with one, two, or three diarylboryl acceptors

We have performed a study of the one- and two-photon absorption properties of a systematically varied series of triarylamino-compounds with one, two, or three attached diarylborane arms arranged in linear dipolar, bent dipolar, and octupolar geometries. Two-photon fluorescence excitation spectra were measured over a wide spectral range with femtosecond laser pulses. We found that on going from the single-arm to the two- and three-arm systems, the peak in two-photon absorption (2PA) cross-section is suppressed by factors of 3-11 for the lowest excitonic level associated with the electronic coupling of the arms, whereas it is enhanced by factors of 4-8 for the higher excitonic level. These results show that the coupling of arms redistributes the 2PA cross-section between the excitonic levels in a manner that strongly favors the higher-energy excitonic level. The experimental data on one- and two-photon cross-sections, ground- and excited-state transition dipole moments, and permanent dipole moment differences between the ground and the lowest excited states were compared to the results obtained from a simple Frenkel exciton model and from highly correlated quantum-chemical calculations. It has been found that planarization of the structure around the triarylamine moiety leads to a sizable increase in peak 2PA cross-section for the lowest excitonic level of the two-arm system, whereas for the three-arm system, the corresponding peak was weakened and shifted to lower energy. Our studies show the importance of the interarm coupling, number of arms, and structural planarity on both the enhancement and the suppression of two-photon cross-sections in multiarm molecules.     

Dynamics of highly excited nitroaromatics

Although the photodissociation of nitroaromatics in low excitation electronic states has been extensively studied in recent decades, little is known about the highly excited electronic states. The fragmentation dynamics of three nitroaromatics, nitrobenzene, o-nitrotoluene, and m-nitrotoluene, in highly excited states, populated by the absorption of two photons at 271 nm, are studied with time-of-flight mass spectrometry. The temporal evolutions of the highly excited states are monitored by one-photon ionization at 408 nm. The transients of parent and fragment ions exhibit two ultrafast deactivation processes. The first process is ultrafast internal conversion from the initial excitation to Rydberg states in tens of femtoseconds. The second one is conversion from the Rydberg states to the vibrational manifold in the ground electronic states within hundreds of femtoseconds. The internal conversion process is accelerated by methyl substitution. In o-nitrotoluene, the two processes become much faster due to the hydrogen transfer from the CH(3) to the NO(2) group (ortho effect).     

Synthesis and excited state properties of a [60]fullerene derivative bearing a star-shaped multi-photon absorption chromophore

The synthesis and excited state properties of a compound assembling C60 with a new multi-photon absorption chromophore are reported.     

Enhancement of two-photon absorption cross-section in macrocyclic thiophenes with cavities in the nanometer regime

The linear and nonlinear optical properties of two thiophene-based cyclic molecules have been investigated. These molecules represent nanometer sized cavities which may be useful for novel photonic devices. By virtue of long-range interactions, these chromophores serve as novel architectures for enhanced two-photon absorption (TPA) properties. Measurements of the different size ring structures showed a 550% increase in the TPA cross-section for the larger macrocycle. Electronic structure calculations have suggested an increase in coupling of the excited states in these systems as the ring size is increased. Measurements of the ultrafast transient absorption and fluorescence were carried out with these systems in order to probe the interaction between the chromophores. The results of the transient decays as well as fluorescence anisotropy decay times gives stronger proof to the suggestion of delocalized states in the cyclic macrocycles. These results provide information regarding the optical properties of these novel systems useful for potential applications in photonics.     

Excited state absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a obtained with white-light continuum

The study of excited state properties of chlorophyll a is a subject of foremost interest, given that it plays important roles in biological process and has also been proposed for applications in photonics. This work reports on the excited state absorption spectrum of chlorophyll a solution from 460 to 700 nm, obtained through the white-light continuum Z-scan technique. Saturation of absorption was observed due to the ground state depletion, induced by the white-light continuum region that is resonant with the Q band of chlorophyll a. The authors also observed reverse saturation of absorption related to the excitation from the first excited state to a higher energy level for wavelengths below 640 nm. An energy-level diagram, based on the electronic states of chlorophyll a, was employed to interpret their results, revealing that more states than the ones related to the Q and B bands participate in the excited state absorption of this molecule.