各向同性材料在纯剪切下的各向异性损伤

本文从各向同性材料的各向异性损伤理论出发,导出了在纯剪切下的损伤因子表达式,并对45号钢作了薄壁圆筒扭转试验,证实各向同性材料确实存在各向异性损伤,其损伤因子D_1和D_2的实验值随剪应力τ和扭转角φ的增加而增大。     

正交各向异性材料的弹塑性损伤本构关系

基于弹塑性力学和损伤理论,建立了一个与应力球张量有关的正交各向异性材料的混合硬化屈服准则,该准则无量纲化后与各向同性材料的Mises准则同构,在此基础上,进而建立了混合硬化正交各向异性材料的增量型弹塑性损伤本构方程,并以具局部损伤的正交各向异性矩形薄板为例,采用Galerkin法和迭代法,对其弹塑性屈曲问题进行了分析,讨论了局部损伤对正交各向异性矩形薄板弹塑性屈曲临界应力的影响.      

边坡稳定的剪切带计算

为了解决边坡稳定分析中剪切带有限元网格的依赖性问题,采用梯度塑性理论,从本构关系中引入特征长度入手,建立计算模型.提出了一种8节点缩减积分的梯度塑性单元,并采用梯度塑性理论推导了DruckerPrager屈服准则的软化模型的有限元格式,在ABAQUS中进行了二次开发,嵌入了本文提出的8节点单元和本构模型,并用ABAQUS软件进行了边坡剪切带的计算.计算结果表明,本文提出的方法消除了经典有限元计算的网格依赖性问题,可以得到与单元剖分无关的稳定的剪切带宽度.本文所提出的方法可适用于其他场合的剪切带计算.     

有限应变下蠕变—弹塑性—损伤耦合本构模型的数值模拟

本文提出了一个模拟有限元应变下各向同性蠕变－弹塑性－损伤耦合本构行为的数值模型。模型基于不可逆过程的热动力学和内状态变量理论、以及应力就变本构关系的超弹性形式描述和变形梯度的弹性及非弹性部分的乘式分解。     

各向异性材料疲劳损伤模拟

根据连续损伤理论，考虑到了损伤能释放率等引起损伤的重要因素，提出了一个各向异性疲劳损伤模型。此模型结构简单，适用于各种各向异性材料。利用该模型对玻璃聚酯复合材料层板在单向受力情况下进行了寿命预测，预测值与实验值符合较好     

表面粗糙度对TC4钛合金柱壳剪切带形成的影响

剪切带是材料在高应变率加载条件下特有的变形和损伤形式之一,关于影响金属材料中剪切带形成的敏感性因素及其机理的研究,一直是科学研究和工程设计中关注的重点问题. 在柱壳高速坍塌过程中,剪切带优先在内表面形核, 其形核及扩展行为受内表面介观状态的影响显著.本文采用爆轰加载厚壁圆筒坍塌实验技术,结合材料表面处理技术、微结构表征技术和剪切带理论模型分析,研究了内表面粗糙度变化对TC4钛合金柱壳剪切带形成影响的细观动力学规律.结果表明, 在爆炸加载形成的高应变率条件下,表面粗糙度对TC4钛合金柱壳中剪切带形成具有明显影响. 在相同的变形条件下,随着试样内表面粗糙度的增大, 剪切带数量、长度和形核速率均增大;表面粗糙度越大, 部分剪切带扩展速率越快, 剪切带长度差异越大,剪切带的屏蔽效应增强. 分析表明,实验获得的剪切带间距与W-O模型和M模型预测结果基本吻合,具体数值受试样内表面粗糙度影响, 随着表面粗糙度的增大,实验结果逐渐小于预测数值.     

各向异性和各向同性介质中反平面剪切波的相似性

近年来,刘殿魁等发表了一系列文章讨论各向异性介质中反平面剪切波的多种问题。与反平面剪切波对应的平衡问题是柱体的扭转问题。在五十年代以前,各向异性柱体的扭转问题被看作回异于各向同性柱体的扭转同题而曾受到众多的研究。在专著[8]§10.3,§10.4中,作者通过适当的坐标变换,首次将各向异性柱体的扭转问题转化为一个相当的各向同性的问题,从而建立了两者之间的相似性。有了这个相似性后,各向异性柱体的扭转问题就无需作专门的研究。而可把它归并入各向同性的问题。对反平面剪切     

30CrNi3MoV钢热塑剪切带内的应变和应变速率

本文提出了３０ＣｒＮｉ３ＭｏＶ低合金钢正交切削的试验结果和计算规则,锯齿状切屑上热塑剪切带内的应变和应变速率的模型及计算公式。计算结果表明正交切削试验中出现的热塑剪切带的切应变可达２０００％应变速率高达１０￣５ｓ￣（－１）。     

分子动力学模拟金属玻璃板拉伸时剪切带的形成和演化过程

金属玻璃在低温高应力条件下容易生成剪切带而导致结构的破坏,大大限制了它的推广应用.论文采用分子动力学模拟研究了三种Cu₆₄Zr₃₆（不带缺口、一侧带缺口、两侧带缺口）金属玻璃板试样在拉伸过程中剪切带的形成和演化过程及其力学性能.结果表明:不带缺口金属玻璃板试样在低温高应力的拉伸过程中会自发出现局部剪切转变区,发生剪切局部化,继续拉伸会在与加载轴大约成45°方向上形成剪切带.剪切带的形成与剪切转变区的分布和局部化有关,带缺口比不带缺口的试样会更早出现应变局部化,即在较低的拉伸应变下便形成剪切带,其拉伸强度也相应较低.相同条件下,一侧带缺口与两侧带缺口的试样在拉伸强度上几乎相同,但两侧带缺口试样的应变局部化程度稍低,主要是两侧缺口处均出现了剪切转变区,导致其分布和局部化不够集中,这也是形成主剪切带和次剪切带的主要原因.以上结果为进一步从原子尺度理解金属玻璃剪切带的形成和演化特征提供了重要的信息.     

Plane strain consolidation of soil layer with anisotropic permeability

This paper presents an alternative analytical technique to study a plane strain consolidation of a poroelastic soil by taking into account the anisotropy of permeability. From the governing equations of a saturated poroelastic soil, the relationship of basic variables for a point of a soil layer is established between the ground surface （z=0） and the depth z in the Laplace-Fourier transform domain. Combined with the boundary conditions, an exact solution is derived for plane strain Biot＇s consolidation of a finite soil layer with anisotropic permeability in the transform domain. Numerical inversions of the Laplace transform and the Fourier transform are adopted to obtain the actual solution in the physical domain. Numerical results of plane strain Biot＇s consolidation for a single soil layer show that the anisotropic of permeability has a great influence on the consolidation behavior of the soils.     

Plastic spin associated with a non-normality theory of plasticity

A plasticity model using a vertex-type plastic flow rule on a smooth yield surface for an anisotropic solid has been proposed recently. This model is here completed by incorporating the effect of plastic spin. Simple shear with a large shear strain is one of the hardest tests on finite strain anisotropic plasticity models, and it is here shown which plastic spin expression is needed to avoid unrealistic oscillatory behavior of the shear stress under large shear strains. The idea of using non-normality with a smooth yield surface originates from a recent proposal of using an abrupt strain path change to determine the subsequent yield surface shape. For this method both polycrystal plasticity calculations and experiments have shown a vertex-type response on the apparently smooth yield surface.     

横观各向同性土的弹性各向异性损伤分析

本文用损伤力学理论研究横观各向同性土的本构关系,建立土的损伤力学的概念模型及各是性弹性损伤数学模型,通过试验说明损伤理论的应用及土的各向蔚性特征。试验表明随着变形的增大,损伤变量增大,两个平面的损伤差别也增大。     

Dislocation structure of shear bands in single crystals

A mathematical model is proposed for the development of a shear band in crystals. The model is based on the mechanism of double cross-slips of screw-dislocation segments. Equations are derived to study instability of the uniform distribution of dislocations. A solution is found in the form of a traveling wave, which describes the shear-band structure. __________ Translated from Prikladnaya Mekhanika i Tekhnicheskaya Fizika, Vol. 47, No. 6, pp. 102–113, November–December, 2006.     

The mechanical condition of shear band bifurcation

Based on the understanding of the role played by the strain-softening effect in the formation of shear band bifurcation, this paper investigates (a) What is the most favourable condition that stimulates the occurrence of shear band? (b) With what model and characterizing parameters can the curved type of band bifurcation be simulated?     

基于应变等效性假说的损伤定义的适用条件

研究了基于应变等效性假说的损伤定义方法，分析了定义中“材料损伤前后弹性模量”的物理含义。指出该方法只适用于间接描述弹（脆）性材料损伤行为，不能简单地用受荷过程中的“卸载模量”代替假说中的“受损弹性模量”来描述具有不可逆塑性变形特征的弹塑性损伤行为，否则将可能导致对损伤行为的误判。此外，本文给出了一种耦合塑性形变和损伤机制影响的弹塑性损伤定义。     

QUANTIFICATION OF SHEAR DAMAGE EVOLUTION IN ALUMINIUM ALLOY 2024T3

Shear damage may occur in the process of metal machining such as blanking and cutting, where localized shear deformation is developed. Experimental findings indicate that microscopic shear damage evolution in aluminium alloy 2024T3 (A1 2024T3) is a multi-stage mechanism, including particle cracking, micro-shear banding, matrix microcracking and coalescence of microcracks. This study is an attempt to use a set of equations to describe the multi-stage shear damage evolution in Al 2024T3. The shear damage variables in terms of multi-couple parameters of a power-law hardening material have been defined. An evolution curve of shearing damage has been calculated from experimental data. The values of the shear damage variable at different stages of damage have also been calculated. By making use of the findings, the relation between the microscopic shear damage evolution and the macroscopic shear response of the material has been discussed.     

剪切带状分叉的力学条件

在已论证过的应变软化效应对形成剪切带状分叉的作用的基础上,本文研究了:(1)什么受力情况最易激发剪切带(2)采用什么力学模型和参数可以模拟材料中的曲线型带状分叉。     

A Note on Maximum Shear

The problem of the determination at any point P in a body of that pair of infinitesimal material line elements which suffers the maximum shear in a deformation has been solved [1]. Here that problem is revisited and a short proof, of geometrical type, of the result is presented. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.