手性席夫碱配合物用于催化不对称环氧化

手性席夫碱过渡金属配合物可以高效催化烯烃不对称环氧化反应,因此其合成及催化性能研究一直以来受到广泛的关注.本文较详细地综述了最近十年来合成的手性席夫碱过渡金属配合物及其对烯烃环氧化反应的催化性能的研究进展.重点讨论了新型的对称和非对称salen型配体过渡金属配合物的合成及其应用,分析探讨了手性席夫碱过渡金属配合物作为催化剂的优缺点、催化机理和未来发展方向.     

手性催化剂与不对称反应

不对称催化合成是有机合成中越来越重要的一个分支。本文综述了几类不对称反应的进展。其中包括氢化、环氧化、环丙烷化、烯丙基烷基化、Diels—Alder反应等。并讨论了其中某些反应的机理以及催化剂结构与性能的关系。     

手性金属络合物催化不对称Baeyer-Villiger反应

Baeyer-Villiger反应是有机化学基本反应之一,但是催化不对称Baeyer-Villiger反应的研究尚处于起步阶段。本文按手性配体的不同,评述了手性金属络合物催化不对称Baeyer-Villiger反应的研究,特别是由外消旋或前手性酮制备光学活性内酯的研究进展。     

烯烃以糖衍生的手性酮为催化剂的有机催化不对称环氧化

由糖衍生的手性酮是非官能化烯烃的有机催化不对称环氧化的一类重要催化剂,它与过氧硫酸氢钾（KHSO5）可原位产生对顺式烯烃、反式烯烃、三取代烯烃和末端烯烃均有效的氧化剂--手性二氧杂环丙烷.本文对由糖衍生的手性酮的合成方法、不对称诱导反应的机理、手性酮糖的分子结构以及反应条件对其催化活性和不对称诱导作用的影响进行了评述.     

手性金属配合物催化的不对称环丙烷化反应的新进展

总结了近年来关于环丙烷化反应中各种手性金属催化剂的研究进展, 包括席夫碱、噁唑啉、卟啉、联吡啶及四吡啶、羧酸酯等类型的手性化合物作为配体的金属催化剂.     

手性高分子金属络合物催化的不对称有机反应研究进展

本文评述了近年来在手性高分子金属络合催化的不对称有机反应方面的研究进展。     

手性膦过渡金属配合物催化不对称交叉偶联反应的研究

自1973年Consiglio和Botteghi首次报道用(一)-DIOP的NiCl_2配合物催化芳基或乙烯基卤代物与仲烷基卤化镁交叉偶联生成光学活性的偶联产物以来,化学家们对不对称交叉偶联反应进行了深入研究。Hayashi等用手性二茂铁膦和手性β-氨基烷基膦的NiCl_2和PdCl_2配合物催化1-苯基乙基氯化     

BINAP金属配合物催化剂在不对称合成中的应用

综述了BINAP金属配合物催化剂在烯烃、酮、亚胺的不对称氢化以及在关环反应、C－C键形成反应等中的应用。     

手性金属催化剂在不对称环丙烷化反应中的应用进展

手性金属催化剂在不对称环丙烷化反应中的应用一直是不对称合成领域的一个热点。对三十多年来的这一领域的手性金属催化剂的发展作了详细的归纳和评述。     

烯烃不对称氢氰化的研究进展

综述了近十五年来烯烃的不对称氢氰化反应的研究进展。主要介绍了烯烃不对称氢氰化反应的应用、催化剂配体、影响对映体选择性的因素及反应机理。参考文献19篇。     

Exploring structural effects of ketone catalysts on asymmetric epoxidation of olefins

Several ketone catalysts containing spiro ethers and lactones have been investigated for the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins. The results showed that substituents on the spiro ring of the ketone catalysts have profound effects on enantioselectivity. Results also suggested that the high enantioselectivities previously observed for conjugated cis-olefins with oxazolidinone containing ketones could be partially due to attractive interactions between the R_π group of the olefin and the carbonyl group of the oxazolidinone. In addition, nonbonding interactions such as van der Waals forces and/or hydrophobic interactions between the olefin substituents and the nitrogen substituents of the oxazolidinone may also be involved in stereodifferentiation. The information gained provides additional understanding of factors important for ketone catalyzed epoxidations.     

Chiral rhodium carboxylates as asymmetric hydrogenation catalysts

The comparative catalytic activities of a few chiral rhodium carboxylato complexes in combination with chiral and achiral phosphines are described. In the hydrogenation of α-acetamidocinnamic acid and its methyl ester, differences are observed in turnover numbers and enantioselectivities. Diastereomeric interactions between chiral carboxylato and chiral phosphine moieties resulting in different rates are clearly seen. Arrhenius plots of (+) and (-) DIOP [DIOP = 2,3 isopropylidene 2,3 dihydroxy-1,4bis (diphenylphosphino) butane] with rhodium (-) mandalato complex give markedly different activation energies.     

Chiral Phebox-rhodium complexes as catalysts for asymmetric direct aldol reaction

Chiral bis(oxazolinyl)phenyl-rhodium complexes act as catalysts in the combination of AgOTf for direct aldol reaction of ketones and aromatic aldehydes to give the corresponding β-hydroxyketones in high anti-selectivity and a good to high enantioselectivity up to 91% ee.     

A practical synthesis of N-aryl-substituted oxazolidinone-containing ketone catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation

N-Aryl-substituted oxazolidinone-containing ketone catalysts for the asymmetric epoxidation of olefins can be efficiently prepared from d-glucose and anilines.     

Dinuclear metal complexes of Schiff base ligands as catalysts for oxidation and epoxidation reactions

Dinuclear copper(II) complexes (Cu₂ L_nCl₃), nickel(II) complexes (Ni₂ L_nCl₃) and cobalt(II) complexes (Co₂L ₂ ⁿ Cl₂) from Schiff base ligands are synthesised, characterised and used as catalysts for oxidation of 3,5-DTBC to 3,5-DTBQ. (Cu₂L_nCl₃) are found to be more efficient than the other complexes. Dinuclear iron(III) complexes of composition (Fe₂L₂Cl₂) and ruthenium (III) complexes of composition Ru₂L ₂ ⁿ Cl₆(PPh₃)₂ and Ru₂L ₂ ⁿ Cl₂(PPh₃)₂ catalyse epoxidation of styrene and cyclohexene. Catalytic activities of ruthenium(III) complexes are much greater than those of analogous iron(III) complexes.     

Polymeric catalysts for chemo- and enantioselective epoxidation of olefins: New crosslinked chiral transition metal complexing polymers

Polymeric analogs of well-known chiral Mn(III)-salen complexes were synthesized and were used as recyclable catalysts for asymmetric epoxidation of olefins. For this purpose two different monomers, 2 and 3 , bearing chiral Mn(III)-salen moieties were synthesized. The monomer 3 carries a bulky substituent closer to the Schiff base moiety, while monomer 2 lacks such a substituent. These metal complexed chiral monomers were subsequently copolymerized with ethylene glycol dimethacrylate producing insoluble crosslinked functional matrices that possess macroporous morphology. Chemo- and enantioselective catalytic activities of these two polymers were evaluated for epoxidation of olefins. Both polymers catalyzed the epoxidation of a variety of olefins at room temperature in the presence of iodosylbenzene (PhIO) as the terminal oxidant with yields comparable to the homogenous system. In terms of their enantioselective catalytic activity, polymer P-2 (obtained from 3 ) performed better than polymer P-1 (obtained from 2 ). Unfortunately, while the homogeneous systems are reported to offer over 80% enantioselectivity, with the present polymeric catalysts, enantioselectivity to a maximum of 30% were observed. Unlike the homogeneous system, use of an external nitrogenous donor played a very insignificant role in influencing enantioselectivity. © 1997 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. J Polym Sci A: Polym Chem 35 : 1809–1818, 1997     

Cyclohexanones derived from dihydrocarvone as precursor of chiral dioxiranes for epoxidation of olefins

New ketones having an axial α-fluorine atom and substituents other than fluorine at C8, derived from commercially available (+)-dihydrocarvone, have been prepared and used for epoxidations of trans stilbene, trans methyl p-methoxy cinnamate, trans cinnamyl alcohol and derivatives. It was found that replacement of the H at C8 by a substituent containing an oxygen atom increases the enantioselectivities in all cases. It was also shown that protic substituents (hydroxyl groups) provide a decrease in enantioselectivity in the case of cinnamates probably because of H-bonding dioxirane-substrate. It is noted that the absolute configurations of the various epoxides obtained hold with the usual model involving a spiro-approach on the dioxirane conformation C1 having the α-fluorine axial. Moreover, sub-stoichiometric amounts (0.3 equiv) of ketone can be used in all cases as these ketones do not undergo Baeyer-Villiger oxidation and are recovered.     

Chiral model complexes for methane monooxygenase and their asymmetric catalysis of styrene epoxidation

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Chiral bispyridylamide metal complexes as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of TMSCN to aldehydes

The use of (1R,2R)-N,N′-bis(2-pyridinecarboxyamido)-1,2-diphenylethane metal complexes as catalysts for the enantioselective addition of trimethylsilyl cyanide to aldehydes is described. Enantioselectivities up to 70% ee were obtained with a Ti(IV) catalyst. Complexes with Zr(IV), Sc(III), Yb(III) and Cu(II) afforded less selective catalysts. For the Zr(IV) complex, a rate and selectivity enhancement was observed when adding 0.5 equiv. of water with respect to the catalyst. Studies of the metal complexes involved in the reaction were carried out by means of ¹H NMR spectroscopy. A Zr complex was shown by X-ray crystallography to exhibit distorted octahedral coordination, with the four nitrogen atoms of the doubly deprotonated ligand essentially in one plane.     

Synthesis of titanium–triazine based MCM-41 hybrid materials as catalyst for the asymmetric epoxidation of cinammyl alcohol

A molecular precursor approach involving tethering procedures was used to produce site isolated titanium-supported asymmetric epoxidation catalysts. This was done by first modifying the support in one step with a mixture of silanes: the synthesized triazine propyl triethoxysilane as functional linker and hexamethyldisilizane as capped agent, to increase the hydrophobicity of the support and mask the remaining silanol groups. In addition, [Ti(OPrⁱ)₄] and [{Ti(OPrⁱ)₃(OMent)}₂] (MentO = 1R,2S,5R-(−)-menthoxo) complexes were heterogenized by reaction with the modified MCM-41. Finally, after [Ti(OPrⁱ)₄] immobilization on to the organomodified support the reaction with the chiral auxiliary (+)-diethyl-l-tartrate was accomplished. All the materials were characterized by elemental analysis, X-ray diffraction, nitrogen adsorption techniques, FT-IR, ICP-MS, DR-UV–vis, ²⁹Si and ¹³C MAS NMR and TGA. The different systems were tested in the asymmetric epoxidation of cinnamyl alcohol in order to evaluate their catalytic activity and enantioselectivity.