直排型DF/HF化学激光器双喷管模型启动特性

 建立了一套直排型DF/HF化学激光器气流通道双喷管小型实验装置,通过选择不同副气流总压（模拟燃烧室气流）进行实验,研究了副气流总压对双喷管实验装置启动特性的影响。实验结果表明：随着副气流总压的增大,装置的启动压力降低,盲腔条件下的启动压力明显高于有副气流时的启动压力。因此,先通入燃烧室气流,再开通引射气流,对直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器的启动是有利的。采用1维处理方法,建立了从引射气流喷管入口、副气流喷管入口到扩压器出口的理论模型,得到了与实验一致的规律。由于1维理论中采用了一些近似处理,实际启动压力比理论数据高20%～31%。     

直排型DF/HF化学激光器扩压器喉道最佳长度实验研究

 为了研究扩压器喉道长度对直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器起动特性的影响,建立了一套化学激光器气流通道双喷管小型实验模型。在无二次流的条件下,通过选用喉道长度不同的扩压器进行实验,分别得到对应的起动压力和工作压力,并将起动压力和工作压力的大小作为评价扩压器喉道长度优劣的依据。实验数据显示,对于该特定结构的直排型DF/HF激光器气流通道双喷管实验模型,扩压器喉道最佳长度为等效直径的17倍。     

直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器气流通道模型中氮作引射气的相变问题

为了研究直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器的启动特性,建立了一套化学激光器气流通道双喷管小型实验模型。以氮和氦作为引射介质,采用两种面积比的引射喷管,进行了启动实验。实验表明,当以氮作为引射介质,采用大面积比的引射喷管进行实验时,实验数据与1维理论计算结果相差很大。分析认为,该次实验中,在引射喷管内剧烈地膨胀后,部分N2已经发生相变,理论计算采用的1维定常流处理法已经不再适用。计算表明,连续波DF/HF化学激光器中的光腔燃料和副稀释剂He不会发生相变,但当以N2作副稀释剂时,副稀释剂喷管面积比不能过大。     

主喷管叶片中热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响

 连续波化学激光器运转时,位于主喷管叶片内的副气流的分流管道壁面将被主喷管叶片加热而形成热壁面。通过3维的数值模拟,分析了单端、双端不同供气方式下,热壁面对分流管道流场特性的影响。热壁面将使总管气流总温沿着气流的流动方向逐渐升高,由此引起的支管入口总温的升高会降低支管的流量。无论是单端供气,还是双端供气,热壁面引起的管道流量波动幅度都要远大于绝热壁面的情况,最大波动幅度达2.16%。对进入总管的气流预热,适当增加供气总温,或将冷却管道与供气管道分开设计,气流总温变化引起的流量波动将会得到一定地抑制。     

直排型DF/HF化学激光器气流通道模型实验研究

 为了探寻直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器的起动特性,建立了一套化学激光器气流通道单喷管小型模型实验装置,通过选用不同的气体（冷气流）作为工作介质和不同的扩压器进行实验,分别研究了工作介质的气动参量对模型起动特性和扩压器喉道最小面积的影响,并与1维定常流理论的计算结果作了比较。最后分析了基区对模型起动特性的影响,比较了两种类型基区的差异。实验结果表明:对于直排型连续波DF/HF化学激光器,采用大比热容比、小相对分子质量的介质作为引射气流,喷管出口和基区之间带有一个向内的圆角,对提高DDCL整体性能是有利的。     

DF/HF化学激光器HYLTE喷管的副喷管质量流量系数

 对DF/HF化学激光器HYLTE喷管的副喷管质量流量进行了数值和理论计算，得出入口滞止压力在0.01~0.4MPa之间、喉道半高度在0.1~0.9mm之间的喷管的氘气，氢气和氦气质量流量系数，总结出质量流量系数随入口滞止压力和喉道高度的变化规律，并给出拟合公式，为副喷管的设计提供依据。     

连续波氟化氘/氟化氢化学激光器TRIP技术混合机理

 采用CLNST引入的扰流气注入技术对连续波氟化氘/氟化氢化学激光器进行数值模拟研究。模拟其3维流场有化学反应,但不考虑激射的情况。计算结果显示:加入扰流气后,平行注入的主副气流混合增强明显,气流混合速度明显加快,在喷管出口平面5 mm处即扩散至副喷管中心线位置,且小信号增益系数值明显增强。分析了流场结构得出:扰流气增强气流混合的主要方式在于使反应界面拉伸和扭曲,同时观察到有弱漩涡产生,但沿气流方向较快耗散掉,对流场影响较小。     

各向异性复合材料平板气膜冷却试验研究

针对导热系数各向异性的长纤维增韧复合材料平板,开展了气膜冷却效果的试验研究,详细分析了复合材料各向异性导热系数主方向同气膜出流角之间的偏角对气膜覆盖壁面冷却效果的影响.研究中发现,不同的偏角工况下,由于材料内部不同方向上导热能力的差异,气膜冷却的综合效果发生了较明显的改变.试验结果表明流向偏角α的增加,使得气膜覆盖壁面的平均综合冷却效率和温度分布均匀性均得到提升;展向偏角β对气膜覆盖壁面的平均综合冷却效率影响不大,但是β增加时,壁面温度分布的均匀性得到一定程度的改善。     

带肋通道和气膜冷却交互下的绝热和耦合传热研究

燃气轮机透平叶片冷却中,内部肋片扰流对气膜冷却效果有显著影响,当边界条件为金属壁面绝热和金属壁面耦合时,冷却效率会有不同的表现。本文采用数值计算方法,分别计算绝热边界和耦合边界条件下,气膜孔进口与内部冷却扰流肋片不同相对位置条件下的绝热气膜冷却效率和耦合条件下的整体冷却效率进行计算。结果表明当气膜进口位于肋后扰流区时,绝热气膜冷却效率较差。绝热边界和耦合边界条件下流场相似,气膜孔与肋片相对位置对于气膜孔下游整体冷却效率的影响与绝热条件相似。     

电激励红外多波段化学激光器中稀释剂注入方式对激光输出的影响

 以DF为例,在一台单放电管电激励红外多波段激光器上测试了两种稀释剂注入方式下激光器的输出特性。激光器输出功率、模式分布、光谱分布的测量结果表明,在常规注氦方式下,在放电管末端引入一路氦气可以增加功率输出,拉长顺流增益区长度,加强高振动能级间的跃迁。经分析原因可能在于F原子壁面复合损失的减少、增益区流速的增加以及去激活效应的减弱。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.