三维荧光二阶校正方法快速检测香蕉中双苯三唑醇含量

利用交替三线性分解(ATLD)、交替拟合残差(AFR)和自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)等3种二阶校正算法分别对三维荧光光谱数据进行解析,实现了香蕉中的双苯三唑醇含量的直接快速定量测定.当被分析体系的组分数取2时, ATLD、AFR和SWATLD获得的平均回收率分别为(98.2±2.6)%、(97.6±2.1)%和(91.5±3.5)%.另外,采用椭圆置信区间测试(EJCR)和品质因子,如灵敏度(SEN)、选择性(SEL)和检出限(LOD)评估了3种算法的准确性.实验结果表明:3种算法均能成功用于直接分析香蕉中双苯三唑醇的含量.     

交替拟合残差算法与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测方法结合同时测定两种抗结核药物

本文利用化学计量学交替拟合残差(AFR)算法与高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测(HPLC-DAD)方法相结合,同时测定两种抗结核药物异烟肼和吡嗪酰胺的含量。该法与交替三线性分解算法(ATLD)、自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)算法相比较,从预测均方差、预测相对误差以及平均回收率等结果来看,其预测结果更接近实际值。研究表明,基于交替拟合残差等算法的二阶校正法,可以迅速准确地给出色谱重叠情况下两个组分的预测结果,是复杂体系成分直接定量分析的一个有力的化学计量学工具。     

三线性分解方法用于光谱数据中背景漂移的扣除

在光谱测量中, 通常会发生光谱背景漂移现象. 引起光谱背景漂移的因素有很多, 如仪器的背景噪声变化, 测量时环境温度的变化, 光源如氙灯的使用时间等等. 针对三维光谱数阵, 发展了一种基于交替三线性分解(ATLD)算法的化学计量学方法用来处理光谱背景漂移问题. 该方法在进行三线性分解时, 对待光谱背景漂移与感兴趣组分一样, 将其单独当作一个组分或因子来考虑, 并将其从分解得到的相应矩阵中提取出来, 构建一个光谱背景漂移阵, 然后从三维原始响应数阵中将其减掉, 从而达到成功扣除光谱背景漂移的目的. 采用发展的方法处理2组模拟数据和2组实验数据, 都获得了满意的结果. 另外, 对于非线性较严重的背景漂移, 通过再进行一次扣除, 即“二次扣除”, 也达到了理想的效果. 该方法有望发展成为一种很有潜力的光谱预处理技术.     

三维荧光二阶校正法用于血浆和尿液中柔红霉素的快速测定

文章采用三维激发发射荧光光谱与化学计量学交替三线性分解(ATLD)二阶校正法相结合,对血浆液和尿液中柔红霉素(DM)进行定量测定。实验不需对血浆和尿液预测样进行萃取等分离预处理,选取激发波长410～530nm,发射波长550～650nm,分别每隔5nm取一个数据,利用激发发射荧光扫描分别获得两个三维响应数阵(大小为21×25×12)。当组分数选择为3时,血浆和尿液校正集中盐酸柔红霉素的相对浓度与实际浓度的相关系数分别为r1=0.9990和r2=0.9952,经ATLD算法解析得到的血浆和尿液预测样中柔红霉素平均回收率分别为(92.8±7.6)%和(94.7±4.4)%。实验结果表明,此法能够解决血浆和尿液中盐酸柔红霉素药物因血浆和尿液内源物质与分析物光谱重叠所引起的难分辨的问题,可用于未知干扰共存下柔红霉素的直接快速定量测定。     

三线性分解算法对液相色谱-质谱联用仪多样本测定数据分辨适用性的比较

从三线性分解算法对液相色谱-质谱联用仪(LC-MS)多样本测定数据分辨的适用性角度入手,探讨了双线性和三线性分解算法的实际应用效果、存在的问题及其解决方案。本文选择含有低丰度肽段和高干扰背景信号的代表性测定数据进行测试。结果表明,双线性方法不具有分辨唯一性,不能分离LC-MS多样品测定数据存在的背景干扰,从而不适用于低丰度肽段问题的分析。常规的三线性分解算法难以满足质谱信号具有的数学特性--稀疏性,分辨结果并不完全可靠。本文提出了具有非负约束的交替三线性分解(non-negative alternating trilinear decomposition, NNATLD)新算法用于LC-MS多样本测定数据分辨及数学分离,能够很好地适应质谱的数学特性,且具有计算资源节约和收敛速度快等特点。     

三维荧光二阶校正法用于未知混合物中苯酚含量的测定

将三维荧光光谱技术与秩消失因子分析、广义秩消失因子分析和交替三线性分解3种二阶校正方法相结合,建立了测定未知混合物中苯酚含量的三维荧光二阶校正新方法。设定在激发波长240~280 nm和发射波长280~360 nm范围内测定未知混合物中苯酚的三维荧光光谱,构建三维响应数据阵,运用基于三线性分解的二阶校正算法进行解析。结果表明,当模拟样品的组分数为2时,秩消失因子分析、广义秩消失因子分析和交替三线性分解3种方法测定苯酚的预测均方根误差分别为0.33,1.18和0.15,平均回收率分别为101.6%,115.6%和101.9%;当组分数为3时,3种方法的预测均方根误差则分别为1.61,1.80和0.51,平均回收率分别为134.2%,133.9%和107.1%;将其分别应用于实际样品中苯酚的测定,结果满意,且交替三线性分解法的测定结果优于秩消失因子分析法和广义秩消失因子分析法。     

三维荧光二阶校正法快速测定块茎类蔬菜、土壤和污水中克百威残留量

克百威是一种高效内吸广谱氨基甲酸酯类杀虫剂.本文充分利用荧光光谱仪操作简单、灵敏度高,化学计量学二阶校正算法具有的"二阶优势",将三维荧光(EEM)与化学计量学交替三线性分解(ATLD)算法相结合,实现了红薯、土豆、红萝卜、土壤和污水5种实际复杂体系中克百威残留量的直接快速定量测定.当选取组分数为2时,用ATLD获得的平均回收率分别为(99.0±5.3)%、(97.2±4.2)%、(102.7±5.9)%、(101.1±3.8)%和(91.3±1.9)%.另外,还用椭圆置信区间(EJCR)测试和品质因子,如灵敏度(SEN)、选择性(SEL)、检测下限(LOD)和预测均方根误差(RSMEP)评估了该种算法的准确性.实验结果表明,该方法能以"数学分离"代替繁琐的"化学分离",成功地解决实际复杂体系中内源干扰物质与分析物光谱重叠所引起的难分辨的问题,可用于未知干扰共存下克百威含量的直接快速定量测定.     

三维荧光二阶校正法快速测定人尿样中奥沙普秦含量

利用三维荧光光谱技术,结合分别基于自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)和交替归一加权残差(ANWE)算法的二阶校正方法,直接快速测定人体样液中以及萘丁美酮或萘普生于扰共存下奥沙普秦的含量.利用本方法的"二阶优势",在尿液内源物质及萘丁美酮或萘普生干扰共存下有效地分辨出奥沙普秦的激发发射荧光光谱.采用SWATLD和ANW...     

两种荧光方法分析血样中锌原卟啉和原卟啉

利用N,N-二甲基甲酰胺同时萃取血样中痕量的锌原卟啉和原卟啉,以三维荧光-交替三线性分解算法和导数恒基体同步荧光法同时分析血样中的锌原卟啉和原卟啉.前者中锌原卟啉和原卟啉分别在0.6～35 μg/L和0.4～27 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性,检出限分别为0.18和 0.12 μg/L;后者中锌原卟啉和原卟啉在0.14～45 μg/L和0.056～28.5 μg/L范围内呈良好的线性,检出限分别为0.12和 0.045 μg/L.实际血样中两种方法的平均回收率分别为(82±9)%和(85±10)%,且两种方法测定20份血样时获得的相关性良好.     

交替三线性分解荧光二阶校正法同时直接测定口服液中氨基酸

酪氨酸(TYR)和色氨酸(TRY)的荧光光谱相互重叠,用常规方法难以同时直接测定。本研究将交替三线性分解二阶校正算法与激发发射矩阵荧光法相结合,对氨基酸口服液中共存的酪氨酸和色氨酸进行了同时分辨和直接定量测定,并用加入标准法对结果进行验证,TYR和TRY的回收率分别为(96.9±2.5)%和(93.2±1.0)%。结果表明,该方法以“数学分离”替代“化学分离”,其它成分及背景不影响其测定。     

Direct determination of reserpine in urine using excitation-emission fluorescence combined with three-way chemometric calibration methodologies

The concentration of reserpine in urine was directly and quantitatively measured by using the excitation-emission fluorescence (EEM) combined with three-way calibration methodologies. Two calibration methods are based on the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and the self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD) algorithms, respectively. These chemometric methodologies have the second-order advantage, which is the ability to get accurate concentration estimates of interested analyte(s) even in the presence of uncalibrated interferences. The satisfactory results on spiked urine samples are obtained, when the component number was chosen to 3 (N = 3) for both the methods. This experiment is easily carried out without time-consuming and complicated pretreatment. It has proved that the three-way calibration methodologies based on ATLD and SWATLD can be feasible to directly quantify the medical content of reserpine in urine. __________ Translated from Chemical Journal of Chinese Universities, 2007, 28 (5): 827–830 [译自: 高等学校化学学报]     

Interference-free determination of Sudan dyes in chilli foods using second-order calibration algorithms coupled with HPLC-DAD

This paper presents a new method for the determination of Sudan dyes contained in hot chilli samples. The method employs second-order calibration algorithms to handle the recorded data. The second-order calibration algorithms are based on the popular parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC), alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) and self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD), respectively. These chemometric methodologies have the second-order advantage, which is the ability to get accurate concentration estimates of interested analytes even in the presence of uncalibrated interfering components. The results on a set of spiked chilli test shows that low contents of Sudan I and Sudan II in complex chilli mixtures can be accurately determined using the new method. The sample preparation was based on solvent extraction, and internal standard was not required. Quantification was carried out with simple mobile phase.     

三维荧光二阶校正方法用于体液和细胞培养基中五味子甲素含量的快速测定

采用三维激发发射荧光光谱结合自加权交替三线性分解(SWATLD)二阶校正方法, 对人体液样(血浆样及尿液样)和细胞培养基样中五味子甲素的含量进行了直接快速定量分析. 在血浆背景、尿液背景和细胞培养基背景共存下, 当分析体系的组分数分别选择2时, 用SWATLD二阶校正方法获得相应五味子甲素的平均回收率分别为(100.4±1.6)%, (100.5±6.3)%和(103.6±4.5)%. 实验结果表明, 此方法不仅能够较好地解决这些复杂分析体系因背景内源荧光性物质与待分析物光谱严重重叠所引起的难分辨的问题, 还可以用于直接快速准确定量分析.     

Algorithm combination strategy to obtain the second‐order advantage: simultaneous determination of target analytes in plasma using three‐dimensional fluorescence spectroscopy

Although a number of algorithms have established to obtain the well‐known second‐order advantage that quantifies analytes of interest in the presence of interferents, each has associated problems. In this work, for the first time, the optimization procedure of trilinear decomposition has been divided into three subparts, and a novel strategy is developed for assembling the advantages of the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, the self‐weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD) algorithm, and the parallel factor analysis (PARAFAC) algorithm. The performance of the proposed strategy was evaluated using a simulated data set, a published fluorescence data set together with a new fluorescence data set that simultaneously quantifies procaine and tetracaine in plasma. Results show that the novel method can accurately and effectively estimate the qualitative and quantitative information of analytes of interest. Besides, the resolved profiles are very stable with respect to the number of components as long as the employed number is chosen to be equal or larger than the underlying one. Additionally, the study confirms that better prediction can be obtained by the new strategy when compared with ATLD, SWATLD, and PARAFAC as well as the strategy that employs direct trilinear decomposition method as initial values for PARAFAC. Moreover, the strategy can be directly extended to third‐order or higher‐order data analysis. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Towards a rehabilitation of the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM)

The trilinear PARAFAC model occupies a central place in multiway analysis, because the components of a data array can often be uniquely resolved. This paper compares the resolution for a large variety of methods, namely the generalized rank annihilation method (GRAM), alternating least squares (ALS), alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD), alternating coupled vectors resolution (ACOVER), alternating slice-wise diagonalization (ASD), alternating coupled matrices resolution (ACOMAR), self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD), and pseudo alternating least squares (PALS). The comparison was conducted using Monte Carlo simulations. It was shown that GRAM performs well for moderately and highly overlapped data. These results argue strongly against the previously claimed superiority of the alternatives listed above.     

Determination of sulpiride in human urine using excitation-emission matrix fluorescence coupled with second-order calibration.

This paper proposes a new and effective approach for the quantitative analysis of sulpiride, a significant antipsychotic drug, in human urine samples by the incorporation of excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence and second-order calibration methodologies based on the alternating fitting residue (AFR) and self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD) algorithms. With the application of a second-order advantage, the proposed strategy could be utilized for a direct concentration determination of sulpiride with a simple pretreatment step, even in the presence of serious natural fluorescent interferences. The average recoveries of sulpiride in complex urine samples by using AFR and SWATLD with an estimated component number of three were 101.2 +/- 2.1 and 94.4 +/- 0.7%, respectively. Moreover, the accuracy of the two algorithms was also evaluated through elliptical joint confidence region (EJCR) tests as well as the figures of merit, such as sensitivity (SEN), selectivity (SEL) and limit of detection (LOD). The experimental results demonstrated that both algorithms, as promising quantitative alternatives, have been satisfactorily applied to the determination of sulpiride in human urine, but the performance of AFR was slightly better than that of SWATLD.     

An alternative quadrilinear decomposition algorithm for four-way calibration with application to analysis of four-way fluorescence excitation–emission–pH data array

A novel quadrilinear decomposition algorithm for four-way calibration (third-order tensor calibration), which was called as regularized self-weighted alternating quadrilinear decomposition (RSWAQLD), has been developed in this work. It originates from the alternating trilinear decomposition (ATLD) algorithm, inherits the philosophy behind self-weighting operation from the self-weighted alternating trilinear decomposition (SWATLD) algorithm. The RSWAQLD algorithm is based on a nearby least-squares scheme, in which two extra terms are added to each loss function, making it more stable and flexible. Experiment shows that RSWAQLD has the features of fast convergence and being insensitive to the excess estimated factors in the model. Owing to its unique optimizing approach, RSWAQLD is much more efficient than four-way PARAFAC. Moreover, the performance of RSWAQLD is quit stable as the number of factors used in calculation varies (as long as it is no less than the true number of factors). Such a feature will simplify the analysis of four-way data arrays, since it is unnecessary to spend a lot of time and effort on accurately determining the appropriate number of factors in the matrix. In addition, the result of four-way fluorescence excitation–emission–pH data, as well as that of simulated data, illustrated that RSWAQLD can not only remain the “higher-order advantage” but also provide a satisfying result even in high collinear systems.     

三维荧光二阶校正法用于尿液样和血浆样中左旋多巴的定量测定

本文采用激发发射荧光光谱分别与化学计量学中平行因子分析(PARAFAC)和交替三线性分解(ATLD)二阶校正法相结合,对尿液样和血浆样中左旋多巴含量进行定量测定。实验不需对尿液和血浆预测样进行萃取等分离预处理。在尿液样中,当组分数取2时,用PARAFAC算法和ATLD算法获得的平均回收率分别为(98.9±2.3)%和(99.6±2.8)%。在血浆样中,当组分数取3时,PARAFAC算法和ATLD算法获得的平均回收率分别为(103.1±3.7)%和(99.2±4.2)%。研究结果表明,该法能够解决尿液样和血浆样中左旋多巴因尿液和血浆内源物质与待分析物光谱重叠所引起的难分辨的问题,可用于未知干扰共存下左旋多巴含量的直接快速定量测定。