The nonmodular topological phase and phase singularities

Generalizing an earlier definition of the noncyclic geometric phase [R. Bhandari, Phys. Lett. A 157 (1991) 221], a nonmodular topological phase is defined with reference to a generic time-dependent two-slit interference experiment involving particles with N internal states in which the internal state of both the beams undergoes unitary evolution. A simple proof of the shorter geodesic rule for closure of the open path is presented and several useful new insights into the behavior of the dynamical and geometrical components of the phase shift presented. An effective Hamiltonian interpretation of the observable phase shifts is also presented.     

Coexistence of CDW phase and SDW phase

The coexistence of charge density wave (CDW) and spin density wave (SDW) phases is studied by introducing a singlet coupling in the Rice model as well as the Shibatani-Motizuki-Nagamiya (SMN) model. The conditions of the coexistence, and the other parameters are derived for T = 0 K. It is found that the coexistent phase is unrealizable in pure chromium.     

Optimal phase steps of multi-level spiral phase plates

We analyze vortex properties of the optical beams generated by a multi-level spiral phase plate (MLSPP) and find that this kind of beams consists of vortex components with topological charges of L − kM, where k is zero or any integer, M is the level number and L is the intrinsic topological charge of the MLSPP. We proved that the orbital angular momentum of the beams generated by a MLSPP reaches its maximum only if the phase steps (or the ratio of M to L) satisfies some special conditions.     

On structural phase transitions from a hypothetical phase

Examples known so far of structural phase transitions which can be treated as an instability of a hypothetical parent phase are enumerated. Physical requirements for being reasonable to consider such hypothetical phase are pointed out. The possibility of using this concept for explanation of successive structural phase transitions in Rochelle salt and langbeinites is discussed.The author thanks Dr. V.Janovec for many valuable remarks to this paper.     

Diamagnetic phase transition and phase diagrams in beryllium

The model of diamagnetic phase transition in beryllium which takes into account the quasi 2-dimensional shape of the Fermi surface of beryllium is proposed. It explains correctly the recent experimental data on observation of non-homogeneous phase in beryllium at the conditions of strong dHvA effect when the strong correlation of electron gas results in instability of homogeneous phase and formation of Condon domain structure.     

调相光栅的正交相干相位检测

本文提出了一种解调调相光栅相位的新方法.将一幅相位调制光栅图输入计算机,通过正交相干相位解调算法处理,能够高精度、快速地获得光栅的相位分布.本文详细论述了正交相干相位解调原理,并给出实验系统和处理结果,最后与其他类似的相位解调方法进行了比较.     

Reference phase shift determination in phase shifting interferometry

The phase shifting technique has recently seen application to many types of interferometers, including holographic, speckle and moiré systems for strain analysis. In these applications, close control of the phase shifts may be impossible due to the effect of mechanical vibrations, and this presents difficulties when extracting the phase information, since the reference phase shifts are generally assumed to be known. In this work, several approaches to the problem of determining the reference phase shifts in a perturbing environment are critically evaluated using computer simulations. The analyses provide a general relationship between precision and reference phase shift errors and demonstrate the performance of each method as certain idealised fringe pattern error parameters are varied. A practical example confirms the predictions of the numerical simulations and demonstrates the feasibility of using reference phase shift estimates to improve data reduction procedures.     

On-line phase measuring profilometry based on phase matching

On-line phase measuring profilometry based on phase matching is proposed. While just one fixed sinusoidal fringe is projected on a measured object moving with the pipeline, deformed patterns modulated by the object moving at the same distance moment are captured synchronously by the CCD camera. The phase information of the object in those captured deformed patterns can be predicted using FTP method to assist the pixel matching so as to realize the point-to-point correspondence of the object in the captured deformed patterns. Meanwhile, the equivalent phase-shifting deformed patterns can be extracted. So the three dimensional shape of the object can be reconstructed successfully with an equal phase-shifting algorithm. Numerical simulation and experiments show feasibility and validity of the proposed method.     

Spin phase

The existence of a complementary quantity in the Weyl sense for the third component of spin is discussed. This is called the spin phase and the possibilities of measuring this quantity are considered. Connections between the spin phase and the indeterminacy of the direction for the spin are shown. On leave from the Institute of Physics, Nicolas Copernicus University, Torun, Poland.     

Simple phase extraction in x-ray differential phase contrast imaging

A fast and simple method to extract phase-contrast images from interferograms is proposed, and its effectiveness is demonstrated through simulation and experiment. For x-ray differential phase contrast imaging, a strong attenuation signal acts as an overwhelming background intensity that obscures the weak phase signal so that no obvious phase-gradient information is detectable in the raw image. By subtracting one interferogram from another, chosen at particular intervals,the phase signal can be isolated and magnified.     

Temperature dependence of phase shift in ferrite phase shifters

Reciprocal ferrite phase shifters exhibit a pronounced dependence of phase shift upon temperature. In a sample of magnesium-copper-chromium ferrite it is shown that the temperature dependence of the phase shift is basically determined by the temperature dependence of the microwave magnetic permeability.In conclusion the authors wish to thank G. I. Yudin for making the measurements of phase shift and its dependence on the field for various temperatures.     

Spontaneous CP violating phase as the CKM matrix phase

We propose that the CP violating phase in the CKM mixing matrix is identical to the CP phases responsible for the spontaneous CP violation in the Higgs potential. A multi-Higgs model with Peccei–Quinn (PQ) symmetry is constructed to realize this idea. The CP violating phase does not vanish when all Higgs masses become large. In general, here are flavor changing neutral current (FCNC) interactions mediated by neutral Higgs bosons at the tree level. However, unlike general multi-Higgs models, the FCNC Yukawa couplings are fixed in terms of the quark masses and CKM mixing angles. Implications for meson–anti-meson mixing, including recent data on D–D̄ mixing, and the electric dipole moment (EDM) of the neutron are studied. We find that the neutral Higgs boson masses can be at the order of one hundred GeV. The neutron EDM can be close to the present experimental upper bound.     

Fresnel phase matching: a universal phase matching scheme

We present new theoretical concepts for Fresnel phase matching. A guided wave approach is described, which allows us to intrinsically take into account all the physical processes involved. To cite this article: M. Raybaut et al., C. R. Physique 8 (2007).     

Accurate nonlinear phase step estimation in phase shifting interferometry

We propose a new method for the accurate estimation of nonlinear response of the PZT to the applied voltage. The method uses discrete chirp Fourier transform for the coarse estimation followed by a fine search method for the accurate estimation of the phase step and nonlinearity. The method can be extended to the cases of extraction of multiple phases in the configurations involving multiple PZTs such as holographic moiré in the presence of nonlinearity. The robustness of the proposed method is verified by comparing with Cramér-Rao lower bound. Experimental results prove the method’s feasibility.     

近场X射线位相衬度成像及位相恢复算法

理论分析了X射线衍射位相成像和近场位相恢复算法。定义了一个最佳成像距离，给出了基于最佳成像距离和特征空间频率的衍射场光强分布新的表达形式。基于模拟位相物体给出了数值模拟结果。由此得出了探测距离和多色辐照对相衬图像和位相恢复结果的影响。本文给出的结果将对同轴x射线相衬成像实验具有一定的指导作用。     

相位物体的相位检测分析方法

介绍了相位物体的相位检测方法,包括传统的暗场法、纹影法和相衬法,重点介绍基于图像处理的相位物体的双点源光束干涉测量与扫描成像方法,并比较它们的优缺点,同时对目前的研究进展进行了综述.     

Reduction of soliton phase jitter by in-line phase conjugation

The main impairment of differential-phase-shift-keyed communication systems is phase jitter. Noise-induced phase jitter, which is mediated by self-phase modulation, can be reduced significantly by a small number of in-line phase conjugators.