Negative Goos-Hänchen shift on a concave dielectric interface

We study the Goos-H?nchen shift (GHS) on a curved surface through numerical simulation by the boundary element method. A negative GHS is first discovered on a concave dielectric interface below the critical angle, accompanied by a large positive GHS on the convexity. The simulation shows that the GHS on a planar interface is the composition of the GHS from a concave and the corresponding convex interface. This work will enrich the study of the GHS for different curved surfaces, which will have potential applications in micro-optics and near-field optics.     

Preparation and characterization of smart polymer brush-modified magnetic nanoparticles for biomedicine application

This paper investigates synthesis and characterization of smart polymer brush-modified magnetic nanoparticles (SPB-MNPs). Magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) modified with poly(poly(ethylene glycol) monomethacrylate (poly(PEGMA)) brush were first functioned with activated pyridyldithio. Then, MNPs functioned with pyridyldithio (MNPs-PEG-PDT) were conjugated with 4-diamino-6-mercaptopyrimidine (DMP) to form SPB-MNPs via stimuli-responsive disulfide linkage. Fourier transform infrared spectra (FTIR) was used to monitor the preparation process of MNPs-PEG-PDT. MNPs-PEG-PDT is very highly reactive toward DMP. The disulfide linkage of SPB-MNPs can be cleaved by reduced glutathione (GHS). The concentration of GHS plays an important role in controlling the cleaved efficiency. The optimum concentration of GHS to release DMP is in the millimolar range.     

Statistical-Mechanical Entropy of Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger Black Hole

Taking WKB approximation to solve the scalar field equation in the Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) black hole spacetime, we can get the classical momenta. Substituting the classical momenta into state density equation corrected by the generalized uncertainty principle, we will obtain the number of quantum states with energy less than ω. It is convergent in the neighborhood of the horizon. Then, it is used to calculate the statistical-mechanical entropy of the scalar field in the GHS black hole spacetime. The calculation shows that the entropy is proportional to the horizon area.     

Generalized Hitchin Systems and the Knizhnik–zamolodchikov–bernard Equation on Ellipic Curves

The Knizhnik–Zamolodchikov–Bernard (KZB) equation on an elliptic curve with a marked point is derived by classical Hamiltonian reduction and further quantization. We consider classical Hamiltonian systems on a cotangent bundle to the loop group L(GL(N, C)) extended by the shift operators, to be related to the elliptic module. After reduction, we obtain a Hamiltonian system on a cotangent bundle to the moduli of holomorphic principle bundles and an elliptic module. It is a particular example of generalized Hitchin systems (GHS) which are defined as Hamiltonian systems on cotangent bundles to the moduli of holomorphic bundles and to the moduli of curves. They are extensions of the Hitchin systems by the inclusion the moduli of curves. In contrast with the Hitchin systems, the algebra of integrals are noncommutative on GHS. We discuss the quantization procedure in our example. The quantization of the quadratic integral leads to the KZB equation. We present an explicit form of higher quantum Hitchin integrals which, upon reducing from GHS phase space to the Hitchin phase space, gives a particular example of the Beilinson–Drinfeld commutative algebra of differential operators on the moduli of holomorphic bundles.     

Fermions tunnelling from GHS and non-extremal D1–D5 black holes

Recent research shows that fermions tunnelling can result in correct Hawking temperature of a black hole. In this letter, choosing a set of appropriate matrices γμ${\gamma }^{\mu }$, we attempt to study Hawking radiation of Dirac particles across the horizons of the GHS and non-extremal five-dimensional D1–D5 black holes in string theory by using fermions tunnelling method. Finally, the expected Hawking temperatures of the GHS and non-extremal D1–D5 black holes are correctly recovered.     

Influence of Partial Coherent Light on the Transmission Spectrum and Goos-Hänchen Shift in Rydberg Atomic Medium

A cold atomic medium(Rydberg medium) with cascade configuration under the blockade mechanism is considered. A partial coherent light(PCL) beam is incident on the medium, which makes an angle θ with z-axis. We study the influence of PCL field on the transmission spectrum and find high transmission of probe field for PCL field.Conversely, it is investigated that the transparency of probe field decrease for coherent light field. The transmission of probe field is also studied via beam width of PCL field and investigated high transmission of probe field for small beam width and vice versa. Interestingly, the Goos-H?nchen shift(GHS) in the transmitted light(TL) is studied for PCL field. Large negative and positive GHS in the TL are investigated for PCL field and small beam width of PCL field.     

An application of the GHS inequalities to show the absence of phase transition for Ising spin systems

We show that the GHS inequalities can be used instead of the Lee-Yang circle theorem to prove that there is no phase transition for the ν-dimensional Ising model in the presence of a (non-zero) external field.     

Rigorous results for general ising ferromagnets

Several new results are given concerning the Lee-Yang theorem, the GHS inequality, and spin-1/2 approximations for general Ising ferromagnets, and the extension of these results to vector spin models is discussed.Research supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant MPS 74-04870 A01.     

Methodology to classify hazardous compounds via deep learning based on convolutional neural networks

Compounds information such as Chemical Abstracts Service (CAS) registry number, hazards, and properties have been provided through Globally Harmonized System (GHS) based Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS). This information can help users avoid hazardous compounds and handle chemicals in proper way. GHS specifies that hazards of compounds are categorized through animal testing (or in vivo testing) , in vitro testing, epidemiological surveillance, and clinical trials. In this study, artificial intelligence (AI) is used to replace traditional approaches in predicting the toxicity of chemicals. A database of hazardous compounds is generated by data provided by the Ministry of Environment (ME), training and learning based on convolutional neural network (CNN) are carried out following data featurization. As a result, 90% of accuracy for CNN-based model is obtained using the image dataset. In contrast to the previous methods, the classification method based on CNN-based model in this study allows for the efficient discrimination of hazard chemicals without any additional tests.     

Unitary Transformation in kq Representation

In this paper, we discuss the unitary transformation induced by Z₆ rotations of noncommutative space on the states |k,q,s>, which plays a key role in construction for noncommutative solitons T²/Z₆ by GHS method. As a result, we prove a well-known ``Gauss Sum' formula in the number theory through a concise way.     

The quantum horizon of the Garfinkle—Horowitz—Strominger dilatonic blackhole

Treating macro-black hole as quantum states, and using Brown–York's quasi-local gravitational energy definition and Heisenberg uncertainty principle, the GHS black hole's quantum horizon is constructed. The Hawking temperature is computed naturally, and the entropy can also be figured out without introducing the cutoff factor h. The Φ-field mode number is predicted too. The result is consistent with that of the Schwarzschild and R-N black hole.     

Numerical calculation of the entanglement entropy for scalar field in dilaton spacetimes

Using coupled harmonic oscillators model, we numerical analyze the entanglement entropy of massless scalar field in Gafinkle–Horowitz–Strominger (GHS) dilaton spacetime and Gibbons–Maeda (GM) dilaton spacetime. By numerical fitting, we find that the entanglement entropy of the dilaton black holes receive contribution from dilaton charge and is proportional to the area of the event horizon. It is interesting to note that the results of numerical fitting are coincide with ones obtained by using brick wall method and Euclidean path integral approach.     

Absorption/Scattering of Scalar Waves by Dilatonic Black Hole

We investigate the scattering and absorption cross sections of scalar waves by Garfinkle-Horowitz-Strominger (GHS) black hole spacetime with partial wave method. We find that the total absorption cross section oscillates around the geometric optical value, and the scattering angle width becomes narrower and the damping oscillation pattern becomes more complex as l increases. With fixed frequency ω, the main glory peak value becomes higher and the glory width becomes wider as the magnetic parameter a increases.     

Mean field bound and GHS inequality

A new proof of the mean field bounds for magnetizations is presented. It applies to any single-component spin system which allows GHS inequality, and to anN-vector model forN 3, and to anN-solid sphere model for all values ofN, provided that the interactions are ferromagnetic and translation invariant.     

Thermally induced evolution of phase transformations in gas hydrate sediment

Thermally induced evolution of phase transformations is a basic physical-chemical process in the dissociation of gas hydrate in sediment (GHS). Heat transfer leads to the weakening of the bed soil and the simultaneous establishment of a time varying stress field accompanied by seepage of fluids and deformation of the soil. As a consequence, ground failure could occur causing engineering damage or/and environmental disaster. This paper presents a simplified analysis of the thermal process by assuming that thermal conduction can be decoupled from the flow and deformation process. It is further assumed that phase transformations take place instantaneously. Analytical and numerical results are given for several examples of simplified geometry. Experiments using Tetra-hydro-furan hydrate sediments were carried out in our laboratory to check the theory. By comparison, the theoretical, numerical and experimental results on the evolution of dissociation fronts and temperature in the sediment are found to be in good agreement.     

The (φ4)2 field theory as a classical Ising model

We approximate a (spatially cutoff) (⁴)₂ Euclidean field theory by an ensemble of spin 1/2 Ising spins with ferromagnetic pair interactions. This approximation is used to prove a Lee-Yang theorem and GHS type correlation inequalities for the (⁴)₂ theory. Application of these results are presented.     

Novel biological visual attention mechanism via Gaussian harmony search

Most of the visual attention models are based on the concept of a two-dimensional saliency map, which encodes the conspicuity of the object in the visual scene. The visual attention model proposed by Laurent Itti is used in this work. In Itti's model, the saliency map is calculated via combining the information across several modalities, including color, intensity, and orientation. In this work, we propose a pre-training process to select the weightings used in the combining of feature maps to make the target more conspicuity in the saliency map. Harmony search (HS) algorithm is used in the pre-training process to obtain the weightings. HS is a new heuristic algorithm, which mimics the improvisation of music players. Its performance has been verified by many benchmark problems. We modify the pitch adjustment process of the original HS to improve the optimization performance and accelerate the convergence rate. The modified algorithm is named Gaussian harmony search (GHS).     

Acute toxicological impact of nano- and submicro-scaled zinc oxide powder on healthy adult mice

In this work, the acute oral toxicity of 20- and 120-nm ZnO powder at doses of 1-, 2-, 3-, 4-, 5-g/kg body weight was evaluated referred to the OECD guidelines for testing of chemicals. As the results, both 20- and 120-nm ZnO belong to non-toxic chemicals according to the Globally Harmonized Classification System (GHS) for the classification of chemicals. The distribution determination showed that Zn was mainly retained in the bone, kidney and pancreas after 20- and 120-nm ZnO administration. However, the results of blood measurement suggest that the increase in blood viscosity could be induced by low and median dose of 20-nm ZnO but high dose of 120-nm ZnO. The pathological examination showed that the 120-nm ZnO treated mice had dose–effect pathological damages in stomach, liver, heart and spleen, whereas, 20-nm ZnO displayed negative dose–effect damages in liver, spleen and pancreas. Therefore, we conclude that the liver, spleen, heart, pancreas and bone are the target organs for 20- and 120-nm ZnO oral exposure. More attention should be paid on the potential toxicity induced by low dose of 20-nm ZnO oral exposure.     

The GHS and other correlation inequalities for a class of even ferromagnets

We prove the GHS inequality for families of random variables which arise in certain ferromagnetic models of statistical mechanics and quantum field theory. These include spin –1/2 Ising models, ⁴ field theories, and other continuous spin models. The proofs are based on the properties of a classG ^– of probability measures which contains all measures of the form const exp(–V(x))dx, whereV is even and continuously differentiable anddV/dx is convex on [0, ). A new proof of the GKS inequalities using similar ideas is also given.Supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant MPS 71-02838 A 04.Supported by National Science Foundation Grant MPS 74-24696.Supported in part by National Science Foundation Grant MPS 74-04870.     

Estimates of critical lengths and critical temperatures for classical and quantum lattice systems

Local Ward identities are derived which lead to the mean-field upper bound for the critical temperature for certain multicomponent classical lattice systems (improving by a factor of two an estimate of Brascamp-Lieb). We develop a method for accurately estimating lattice Green's functionsI _d yielding 0.3069<I ₄<0.3111 and the global bounds (d?1/2)^?<I _d <(d?1)^? for alld?4. The estimate forI _d implies the existence of a critical length for classical lattice systems with fixed length spins. Forv-component spins with fixed lengthb on the lattice ? ^d ,v=1, 2, 3, 4, the critical temperature for spontaneous magnetization satisfies $$\frac{{2Jb^2 }}{k}\frac{{d - 1}}{v}< T{}_c \leqslant \frac{{2Jb^2 }}{k}\frac{d}{v} for d \geqslant 4$$ ford4 Using GHS or generalized Griffiths' inequalities, we find that the upper bounds on the critical temperature extend to certain classical and quantum systems with unbounded spins. Absence of symmetry breakdown at high temperature for quantum lattice fields follows from bounding the energy density by a multiple ofkT. Path space techniques for finite degrees of freedom show that the high-temperature limit is classical.