同位旋激发能研究

在扩展的Skyrme有效相互作用下,利用Hartree-Fock理论研究了同位旋激发能与温度、密度的关系.结果表明同位旋激发能随密度的降低以及温度的增加而降低.同时研究了对称能与同位旋激发能的关系,指出对称能是同位旋激发能的一部分,且占相当大的比重.最后研究了不同的势参数下,同位旋激发能随相对中子过剩的变化关系,发现同位旋激发能较强地依赖于对称能强度系数,而对不可压缩系数以及有效质量不太敏感.从而为实验上通过研究同位旋激发能来提取核物质状态方程中的对称能部分指出了一条途径.     

用中子晕弹核探寻同位旋非对称核物质状态方程

总结和评述了用中子晕弹核探寻同位旋非对称核物质状态方程。在具有同位旋和动量依赖的同位旋相关量子分子动力学框架内,采用对比中子晕弹核和相等质量稳定弹核在完全相同入射道条件下物理观测量的差别,来突出中子晕核明显的同位旋效应和加强物理观测量对于同位旋的灵敏性,从而提取核物质状态方程。例如,与稳定弹核碰撞系统相比,中子晕弹核明显提高了发射核子的中子-质子比和增加了它对于对称势的灵敏性,这两点特征非常有利于提取对称势。同样,由于中子晕弹核碰撞系统在低能区（E〈60MeV）由于内部松散结构减弱了核子碰撞力度和动量耗散,与稳定核碰撞系统相比,明显提高了原子核阻止;而在高能区由于两体碰撞同位旋效应的增加,从而明显提高了原子核阻止。利用这些特征可以提取核子-核子碰撞截面的介质效应和同位旋依赖性。     

原子核多重碎裂中同位旋相分比的产生机理研究

利用非对称核物质状态方程及同位旋相关的量子分子动力学(IQMD)模型对中能重离子碰撞中的同位旋相分比(isospinfractionation)现象进行了研究.给出了同位旋相分比现象的一种静态解释.并详细分析了各种动力学因素对同位旋相分比的影响.同时,也讨论了同位旋相分比的同位旋效应 关键词： 同位旋相分比 非对称核物质状态方程 同位旋相关的量子分子动力学     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(Ⅰ)同位旋相关的扩展的BHF方法

通过引进基态关联和同位旋自由度的区分,推广了Brueckner Hartree Fock理论方法,并应用于同位旋非对称核物质,系统地研究了在整个同位旋自由度范围内核物质的状态方程和单粒子特性及其同位旋效应.还研究了微观三体核力对同位旋非对称核物质性质及其同位旋效应的影响,定量讨论了三体力效应与相对论性平均场理论及Dirac Brueckner方法的联系.主要给出了同位旋相关的Brueckner Hartree Fock方法的基本理论和计算公式.     

自旋极化的对称核物质和中子物质的性质

利用Skyrme有效相互作用对自旋极化的同位旋对称核物质和中子物质的特性进行了研究.用4种核子-核子相互作用参数SⅢ,SKM,SLy230a和SLy230b,分别描绘了核物质状态方程曲线.可以发现不论使用哪一种参数,在自旋极化的同位旋对称核物质和中子物质中都存在着磁化相变转换点.另外还对磁化系数进行了计算,给出了磁化系数比率随密度的变化关系,由于无限不连续点的存在,进一步肯定了在Skyrme-Hartree-Fock理论框架内两种物质会出现磁化相变转换点.     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(Ⅵ)质子和中子平均自由程及其同位旋依赖性

在扩展的Brueckner-Hartree-Fock理论框架内,研究了同位旋非对称核物质中质子和中子的平均自由程,着重讨论了其同位旋依赖性.结果表明:随核物质同位旋非对称度的增大,质子平均自由程减小而中子的平均自由程增大.这表明中子滴线附近的原子核表面对中子比对质子更具透明度.还简单讨论了基态关联效应对平均自由程的影响.     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(Ⅴ)三体核力对质子和中子单粒子势的影响

在扩展的同位旋相关的Brueckner Hartree Fock理论框架内,研究了三体核力对同位旋非对称核物质中质子与中子的单粒子势及其同位旋依赖性的影响.     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(Ⅲ)HVH定理与费米能量

在扩展的同位旋相关的Brueckner-Hartree-Fock理论框架内,在整个同位旋自由度范围内研究了质量算子的空穴线展开中不同等级近似下非对称核物质中Hugenholtz-Van Hove定理的满足程度,并计算了中子和质子的费米能量.结果表明为了使Hugenholtz-Van Hove定理达到令人满意的满足程度,需要同时考虑质量算子中的重排贡献和重正修正,从而指出了基态关联对于非对称核物质中单粒子性质的重要性.     

同位旋依赖的动量相关作用对同位旋分馏的影响随入射道条件的演化

由量子分子动力学通常应用的动量相关作用公式出发，引入同位旋自由度后得到了在量子分子动力学中可用于数值计算的同位旋依赖的动量相关作用.并用这个公式较系统地研究了在它的作用下，同位旋分馏比的入射道效应和它们的动力学机理.结果表明所有入射道能量、碰撞参数以及所有的丰中子碰撞系统中子-质子比和质量条件下动量相关作用的同位旋依赖性对同位旋分馏过程产生了重要的同位旋效应，然而它没有明显改变同位旋分馏比对于对称势灵敏的依赖性，即在考虑动量相关作用的同位旋自由度后同位旋分馏比仍是提取同位旋非对称核物质状态方程的灵敏探针. 关键词： 同位旋分馏比 动量相关作用 重离子碰撞     

同位旋非对称核物质性质与扩展的BHF方法(III)HVH定理与费米能量

在扩展的同位旋相关的Brueckner—Hartree—Fock理论框架内,在整个同位旋自由度范围内研究了质量算子的空穴线展开中不同等级近似下非对称核物质中Hugenholtz—Van Hove定理的满足程度,并计算了中子和质子的费米能量.结果表明为了使Hugenholtz-Van Hove定理达到令人满意的满足程度,需要同时考虑质量算子中的重排贡献和重正修正,从而指出了基态关联对于非对称核物质中单粒子性质的重要性.     

利用非对称核物质状态方程对中子星的质量和半径的研究

在温度、密度及同位旋相关的核物质状态方程的基础上,通过求解Tol-man-Oppenheimer?Volkoff方程得到了中子星的质量与中心密度的关系,发现随着中心密度的变化,中子星存在一个最大质量.同时计算结果表明,中子星的最大质量与核物质状态方程的不可压缩系数、有效质量及对称能强度系数等密切相关.对中子星半径的研究表明,较硬的核物质状态方程给出的中子星半径较大,而且较大的对称能强度系数和较大的核子有效质量也会给出较大的中子星半径.     

System size effects on probing nuclear dissipation with neutrons

Using a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicities over its standard statistical-model values as a function of the nuclear dissipation strength for the three nuclei 190Os, 200Hg, and 210Po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z. We find that by decreasing the size of the fissioning nuclei, the effects of nuclear dissipation on the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicity are substantially amplified, and that the sensitivity of this excess to the nuclear friction strength is considerably increased as well. We suggest that for those fissioning systems with the same N/Z that are populated in fusion reactions, to obtain a more accurate information of the nuclear dissipation strength by measuring the pre-scission neutron multiplicity, it is best to choose a system with a small size.     

非对称核物质的化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性

基于扩展的Skyrme有效相互作用,在Hartree-Fock近似下对非对称核物质的化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性进行了研究,并与简单的三参数势,即所谓的软势与硬势的计算结果进行了比较.结果发现两种模型给出的非对称核物质化学不稳定性与力学不稳定性之间的关系是完全不同的.通过研究化学不稳定性在临界温度附近的行为发现,对软势与硬势,化学不稳定性可能出现在温度高于临界温度的气化(全爆炸)机制中.而对于SKM势参数,化学不稳定性不会出现在温度高于临界温度的气化(全爆炸)机制中.这种差别也反映在压强密度平面上力学不稳定 关键词： 非对称核物质状态方程 化学不稳定性 力学不稳定性     

System size effects on probing nuclear dissipation with neutrons

Using a dynamical Langevin equation coupled with a statistical decay model, we calculate the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicities over its standard statistical-model values as a function of the nuclear dissipation strength for the three nuclei 19~Os, 2~~Hg, and 21~po which have the same neutron-to-proton ratio N/Z. We find that by decreasing the size of the fissioning nuclei, the effects of nuclear dissipation on the excess of the pre-scission neutron multiplicity are substantially amplified, and that the sensitivity of this excess to the nuclear friction strength is considerably increased as well. We suggest that for those fissioning systems with the same N/Z that are populated in fusion reactions, to obtain a more accurate information of the nuclear dissipation strength by measuring the pre-scission neutron multiplicity, it is best to choose a system with a small size.     

Incompressibility and single-particle potential for asymmetric nuclear matter with Skyrme potential

The incompressibility and the single-particle potential of asymmetric nuclear matter have been investigated in the framework of the Skyrme interaction. These parameters have been studied as functions of the nuclear density, the neutron excess parameter, and the temperature. The ratio of the isothermal incompressibility of hot nuclear matter to the incompressibility of cold nuclear matter for different values of neutron excess as a function of temperature is calculated. It is observed that this ratio decreases with temperature increasing apart from pure neutron matter when the growth of temperature leads to the growth of incompressibility. The symmetry incompressibility has been calculated as a function of density for different values of temperature. The text was submitted by the authors in English.     

Origin of Unexpected Isotopic Trends in Synthesis of Superheavy Nuclei

We investigate the dependence of the yield of superheavy nuclei with Z = 110, 112, 114 on the neutron excess of the projectile nucleus with a two-parameter Smoluchowski equation. It is confirmed that in some cases, the cold fusion reactions with less neutron excess are more favourable than those with more neutron excess. In order to probe the origin of these unexpected isotopic trends, we also investigate the probabilities of capture, fusion and survival in the cold fusion reactions in detail It is found that the maximal ER cross sections of the superheavy nuclei exponentially increase as a function of Bf - Sn with Bf being the fission barrier and Sn being the neutron separation energy. Although the probabilities of capture and fusion have some influences, the unexpected isotopic trends mainly due to the dependence of the ER cross sections on the Bf - Sn value. Therefore, the reactions with larger Bf - Sn values should be more favourable for synthesis of superheavy nuclei.     

Influence of the nuclear equation of state on the hadron-quark phase transition in neutron stars

We study the hadron-quark phase transition in the interior of neutron stars, and examine the influence of the nuclear equation of state on the phase transition and neutron star properties. The relativistic mean field theory with several parameter sets is used to construct the nuclear equation of state, while the     

Spin polarised nuclear matter and its application to neutron stars

An equation of state (EOS) of nuclear matter with explicit inclusion of a spin-isospin dependent force is constructed from a finite range, momentum and density dependent effective interaction. This EOS is found to be in good agreement with those obtained from more sophisticated models for unpolarised nuclear matter. Introducing spin degrees of freedom, it is found that it is possible for neutron matter to undergo a ferromagnetic transition at densities realisable in the core of neutron stars. The maximum mass and the surface magnetic field of the neutron star can be fairly explained in this model. Since finding quark matter rather than hadronic matter at the core of neutron stars is a possibility, the proposed EOS is also applied to the study of hybrid stars. It is found using the bag model picture that one can in principle describe both the mass as well as the surface magnetic field of hybrid stars satisfactorily.