New method based on the HPM and RKHSM for solving forced Duffing equations with integral boundary conditions

This paper investigates the forced Duffing equation with integral boundary conditions. Its approximate solution is developed by combining the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and the reproducing kernel Hilbert space method (RKHSM). HPM is based on the use of the traditional perturbation method and the homotopy technique. The HPM can reduce nonlinear problems to some linear problems and generate a rapid convergent series solution in most cases. RKHSM is also an analytical technique, which can solve powerfully linear boundary value problems. Therefore, the forced Duffing equation with integral boundary conditions can be solved using advantages of these two methods. Two numerical examples are presented to illustrate the strength of the method.     

Homotopy perturbation-reproducing kernel method for nonlinear systems of second order boundary value problems

In this paper, based on homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and reproducing kernel method (RKM), a new method is presented for solving nonlinear systems of second order boundary value problems (BVPs). HPM is based on the use of traditional perturbation method and homotopy technique. The HPM can reduce a nonlinear problem to a sequence of linear problems and generate a rapid convergent series solution in most cases. RKM is also an analytical technique, which can solve powerfully linear BVPs. Homotopy perturbation-reproducing kernel method (HP-RKM) combines advantages of these two methods and therefore can be used to solve efficiently systems of nonlinear BVPs. Three numerical examples are presented to illustrate the strength of the method.     

Homotopy analysis method for quadratic Riccati differential equation

In this paper, the quadratic Riccati differential equation is solved by means of an analytic technique, namely the homotopy analysis method (HAM). Comparisons are made between Adomian’s decomposition method (ADM), homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and the exact solution and the homotopy analysis method. The results reveal that the proposed method is very effective and simple.     

A series solution of the fin problem with a temperature-dependent thermal conductivity

In this work, we apply the homotopy analysis method to solve fin problems with temperature-dependent thermal conductivity. The results are compared with the solutions obtained by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and with the Taylor series expansion method as well. The results of the comparisons have shown that the ADM and HPM are just an approximation of the present study and the accuracy of the solution obtained by the present study is much better than the latter algorithms.     

A seminumeric approach for solution of the Eikonal partial differential equation and its applications

In this work, a partial differential equation, which has several important applications, is investigated, and some techniques based on semianalytic (or quasi‐numerical) approaches are developed to find its solution. In this article, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), Adomian decomposition method, and the modified homotopy perturbation method are proposed to solve the Eikonal equation. HPM yields solution in convergent series form with easily computable terms, and in some case, yields exact solutions in one iteration. In other hand, in Adomian decomposition method, the approximate solution is considered as an infinite series usually converges to the accurate solution. Moreover, these methods do not require any discretization, linearization, or small perturbation, and therefore reduce the numerical computation a lot. Several test problems are given and results are compared with the variational iteration method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010     

A homotopy perturbation method for fractional-order advection-diffusion-reaction boundary-value problems

In this paper we describe the application of the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to two-point boundary-value problems with fractional-order derivatives of Caputo-type. We show that HPM is equivalent to the semi-analytical Adomian decomposition method when applied to a class of nonlinear fractional advection-diffusion-reaction models. A general expression is derived for the coefficients in the HPM series solution. Numerical experiments are given to demonstrate several properties of HPM, such as its dependence on the fractional order and the parameters in the model. In the case of more than one solution, HPM has difficulties to find the second solution in the model. Another example is given for which HPM seems to converge to a non-existing solution.     

On comparison of series and numerical solutions for second Painlevé equation

This attempt presents the series solution of second Painlevé equation by homotopy analysis method (HAM). Comparison of HAM solution is provided with that of the Adomian decomposition method (ADM), homotopy perturbation method (HPM), analytic continuation method, and Legendre Tau method. It is revealed that there is very good agreement between the analytic continuation and HAM solutions when compared with ADM, HPM, and Legendre Tau solutions. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010     

A new analytical method for system of ODEs

In this article, a new homotopy perturbation method (NHPM) is introduced to obtain exact solutions of system of ODEs. Theoretical considerations are discussed. Comparison of the results of applying NHPM with those of homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and Adomia's decomposition method (ADM) leads to significant consequences. Three examples, including stiff system of linear and nonlinear ODEs are given to demonstrate the efficiency of the new method. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010     

Solutions of Emden–Fowler equations by homotopy-perturbation method

In this paper, approximate and/or exact analytical solutions of the generalized Emden–Fowler type equations in the second-order ordinary differential equations (ODEs) are obtained by homotopy-perturbation method (HPM). The homotopy-perturbation method (HPM) is a coupling of the perturbation method and the homotopy method. The main feature of the HPM is that it deforms a difficult problem into a set of problems which are easier to solve. In this work, HPM yields solutions in convergent series forms with easily computable terms, and in some cases, only one iteration leads to the high accuracy of the solutions. Comparisons with the exact solutions and the solutions obtained by the Adomian decomposition method (ADM) show the efficiency of HPM in solving equations with singularity.     

Elzaki Transform Based Accelerated Homotopy Perturbation Method for Multi-dimensional Smoluchowski"s Coagulation and Coupled Coagulation-fragmentation Equations

This article aims to establish a semi-analytical approach based on the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to find the closed form or approximated solutions for the population balance equations such as Smoluchowski"s coagulation, fragmentation, coupled coagulation-fragmentation and bivariate coagulation equations. An accelerated form of the HPM is combined with the Elzaki transformation to improve the accuracy and efficiency of the method. One of the significant advantages of the technique lies over the classic numerical methods as it allows solving the linear and non-linear differential equations without discretization. Further, it has benefits over the existing semi-analytical techniques such as Adomian decomposition method (ADM), optimized decomposition method (ODM), and homotopy analysis method (HAM) in the sense that computation of Adomian polynomials and convergence parameters are not required. The novelty of the scheme is shown by comparing the numerical findings with the existing results obtained via ADM, HPM, HAM and ODM for non-linear coagulation equation. This motivates us to extend the scheme for solving the other models mentioned above. The supremacy of the proposed scheme is demonstrated by taking several numerical examples for each problem. The error between exact and series solutions provided in graphs and tables show the accuracy and applicability of the method. In addition to this, convergence of the series solution is also the key attraction of the work.     

Comparison between the homotopy analysis method and homotopy perturbation method to solve coupled Schrodinger-KdV equation

In this paper, we apply the homotopy analysis method (HAM) and the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) to obtain approximate analytical solutions of the coupled Schrodinger-KdV equation. The results show that HAM is a very efficient method and that HPM is a special case of HAM.     

Homotopy perturbation method for homogeneous Smoluchowsk's equation

In this work, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) has been used to solve homogeneous Smoluchowsk's equation. The results will be compared with Adomian decomposition method (ADM). It is shown that the results of the HPM are the same as those obtained by ADM. To illustrate the reliability of the method, some special cases of the equation have been solved as examples. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq, 2010     

Application of Homotopy Perturbation Method and Variational Iteration Method to Nonlinear Oscillator Differential Equations

In this paper, homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and variational iteration method (VIM) are applied to solve nonlinear oscillator differential equations. Illustrative examples reveal that these methods are very effective and convenient for solving nonlinear differential equations. Moreover, the methods do not require linearization or small perturbation. Comparisons are also made between the exact solutions and the results of the homotopy perturbation method and variational iteration method in order to prove the precision of the results obtained from both methods mentioned.     

Some issues on HPM and HAM methods: A convergence scheme

The homotopy method for the solution of nonlinear equations is revisited in the present study. An analytic method is proposed for determining the valid region of convergence of control parameter of the homotopy series, as an alternative to the classical way of adjusting the region through graphical analysis. Illustrative examples are presented to exhibit a vivid comparison between the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and the homotopy analysis method (HAM). For special choices of the initial guesses it is shown that the convergence-control parameter does not cover the HPM. In such cases, blindly using the HPM yields a non convergence series to the sought solution. In addition to this, HPM is shown not always to generate a continuous family of solutions in terms of the homotopy parameter. By the convergence-control parameter this can however be prevented to occur in the HAM.     

Application of Laplace decomposition method on semi-infinite domain

In this article, Laplace decomposition method (LDM) is applied to obtain series solutions of classical Blasius equation. The technique is based on the application of Laplace transform to nonlinear Blasius flow equation. The nonlinear term can easily be handled with the help of Adomian polynomials. The results of the present technique have closed agreement with series solutions obtained with the help of Adomian decomposition method (ADM), variational iterative method (VIM) and homotopy perturbation method (HPM).     

A comparative study of numerical methods for solving the generalized Ito system

This paper is devoted to the numerical comparison of methods applied to solve the generalized Ito system. Four numerical methods are compared, namely, the Laplace decomposition method (LDM), the variation iteration method (VIM), the homotopy perturbation method (HPM) and the Laplace decomposition method with the Pade approximant (LD–PA) with the exact solution.     

Iterative solution of a singular convection-diffusion perturbation problem

An iterative domain decomposition method is developed to solve a singular perturbation problem. The problem consists of a convection-diffusion equation with a discontinuous (piecewise-constant) diffusion coefficient, and the problem domain is decomposed into two subdomains, on each of which the coefficient is constant. After showing that the boundary value problem is well posed, we indicate a specific numerical implementation of the iterative technique that combines the finite element method on one subdomain with the method of matched asymptotic expansions on the other subdomain. This procedure extends work by Carlenzoli and Quarteroni, which was originally intended for a boundary layer problem with an outer region and an inner region. Our extension carries over to a problem where the domain consists of the outer and inner boundary layer regions plus a region in which the diffusion coefficient is constant and significant in magnitude. An unexpected benefit of our new implementation is its efficiency, which is due to the fact that at each iteration the problem needs to be solved explicitly only on one subdomain. It is only when the final approximation on the entire domain is desired that the matched asymptotic expansions approximation need be computed on the second subdomain. Two-dimensional convergence results and numerical results illustrating the method for a two-dimensional test problem are given.     

Spectral homotopy analysis method and its convergence for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems

A combination of the hybrid spectral collocation technique and the homotopy analysis method is used to construct an iteration algorithm for solving a class of nonlinear optimal control problems (NOCPs). In fact, the nonlinear two-point boundary value problem (TPBVP), derived from the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle (PMP), is solved by spectral homotopy analysis method (SHAM). For the first time, we present here a convergence proof for SHAM. We treat in detail Legendre collocation and Chebyshev collocation. It is indicated that Legendre collocation gives the same numerical results with Chebyshev collocation. Comparisons are made between SHAM, Matlab bvp4c generated results and results from literature such as homotopy perturbation method (HPM), optimal homotopy perturbation method (OHPM) and differential transformations.     

Analytical solution of time‐fractional Navier–Stokes equation in polar coordinate by homotopy perturbation method

In this letter, we implement a relatively new analytical technique, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), for solving linear partial differential equations of fractional order arising in fluid mechanics. The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo derivatives. This method can be used as an alternative to obtain analytic and approximate solutions of different types of fractional differential equations applied in engineering mathematics. The corresponding solutions of the integer order equations are found to follow as special cases of those of fractional order equations. Some numerical examples are presented to illustrate the efficiency and reliability of HPM. He's HPM, which does not need small parameter is implemented for solving the differential equations. In this method, a homotopy is introduced to be constructed for the equation. The initial approximations can be freely chosen with possible unknown constants that can be determined by imposing the boundary and initial conditions. It is predicted that HPM can be found widely applicable in engineering. © 2009 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Numer Methods Partial Differential Eq 2010     

Solitary wave solutions for a time-fraction generalized Hirota–Satsuma coupled KdV equation by an analytical technique

In this work, we implement a relatively analytical technique, the homotopy perturbation method (HPM), for solving nonlinear partial differential equations of fractional order. The fractional derivatives are described in Caputo derivatives. This method can be used as an alternative to obtain analytic and approximate solutions of different types of fractional differential equations which applied in engineering mathematics. The corresponding solutions of the integer order equations are found to follow as special cases of those of fractional order equations. He’s homotopy perturbation method (HPM) which does not need small parameter is implemented for solving the differential equations. It is predicted that HPM can be found widely applicable in engineering.