Periodic solutions of a third order nonlinear differential equation

Summary The differential equation x‴ + ϕ(x′)x″ + ϕ(x)x′ + f(x)=p(t) is considered where the forcing term p is an ω-periodic function of t. In the special cases ϕ(x)=k² respectively ϕ(x′)=a the existence of periodic solutions is proved on the basis of the Lerag-Schauder fixed point technique. The conditions imposed on the nonlinear terms do not include the ultimate boundedness of all solutions. Entrata in Redazione il 18 settembre 1971.     

Absolute upper semicontinuity

It is proved that the following conditions are equivalent: the function ϕ [a, b]→R is absolutely upper semicontinuous (see [1]); ϕ is a function of bounded variation with decreasing singular part; there exists a summable function g: [a, b] → R such that for anyt′∈[a, b] andt″∈[t′, b], we have ϕ(t″)−ϕ(t′)⩽∫ _t′ ^t″ g (s) ds. Translated from Matematicheskie Zametki, Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 395–399, September, 1977.     

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS FOR THIRD ORDER NONLINEAR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEMS

Abstract. In this Paper, the existence and uniqueness of solutions for boundary valueproblem     

Theoremes de Viabilite Pour les Inclusions Differentielles du Second Ordre

This paper gives conditions ensuring the existence for an initial value (x ₀,v ₀) of a solution to the second order differential inclusionx″(t) ∈F[x(t),x′(t)],x(0)=x ₀,x′(0)=v ₀ such thatx(t) ∈K for allt whereK is a nonempty given subset ofR ⁿ .      

Sopra l’equazione differenziale del secondo ordine del dinixy″+y′=siny comportamento degli integrali perx→∞

Sunto Premesso un risultato inedito delDini sulle soluzioni olomorfe dell’equazione xy″+y′=sin y in un intorno di x=0, si studiano gli integrali della medesima equazione nel campo reale, ed in particolare il loro comportamento per x→∞. Ad Antonio Signorini nel suo 70^mo compleanno.     

On the existence of almost periodic solutions of some dissipative second order differential equations

Summary The search for almost periodic solutions of any dissipative equation of the form(1.1), in which p(t) is an almost periodic function, has come to be closely linked up with a number of standard ? convergence ? restrictions on f, g′, g″ and k (see, for example,[2] and[3]). The object of the present paper is to show that as far as the existence, alone, of an almost periodic solution of(1.1) is concerned these ? convergence ? restrictions on f, g′, g″ and k are quite unnecessary. The first result (Theorem 1) shows in fact that the conditions(1.2) alone are quite sufficient for the existence of an almost periodic solution of(1.1); and Theorem 2 extends this result (though under stronger conditions on f and g) to the case in which the forcing function depends on x and x as well. Partially supported by N.S.F. research project G-57 at The University of Michigan.     

EXISTENCE AND UNIQUENESS FOR SECOND-ORDER VECTOR BOUNDARY VALUE PROBLEM OF NONLINEAR SYSTEMS

This paper is concerned with the following second-order vector boundary value problem ：x^R=f（t,Sx,x,x＇）,0〈t〈1,x（0）=A,g（x（1）,x＇（1））=B,where x,f,g,A and B are n-vectors. Under appropriate assumptions,existence and uniqueness of solutions are obtained by using upper and lower solutions method.     

Analytic Semigroups on C [0,1] Generated by Some Classes of Second Order Differential Operators

C [0,1], α > 0 in (0,1) and α(1), we consider the second order differential operator on C[0,1] defined by Au: = αu″ + βu′, where D(A) may include Wentzell boundary conditions. Under integrability conditions involving √α and β/√α, we prove the analyticity of the semigroup generated by (A,D(A)) on Co[0,1], Cπ[0,1] and on C[0,1], where Co[0,1]: {u∈ C[0,1]|u (1)} and Cπ[0,1]: = {u∈ C[0,1]| u (0) = u (1)}. We also prove different characterizations of D(A) related to some results in [1], where β≡ 0, exhibiting peculiarities of Wentzell boundary conditions. Applications can be derived for the case αx = x ^k (1 - x )^kγ(x )(k≥j/2, x∈ [0,1], γ∈ C{0,1}).     

The Ulm method under mild differentiability conditions

The Ulm method is considered to approximate a solution of a nonlinear operator equation F(x) = 0. We study the convergence of this method when F′ is ω-conditioned and prove that the R-order of convergence is at least 1 + p if ω is quasi-homogeneous of type ω(tz)≤ t ^p ω(z), for z > 0, tϵ[0,1] and pϵ[0,1]. Preparation of this paper was partly supported by the Ministry of Education and Science (MTM 2005-03091).     

On convergence of a generalized Pál interpolation process

Let f∈C _[−1,1] ^″ (r≥1) and R_n(f,α,β,x) be the generalized Pál interpolation polynomials satisfying the conditions R_n(f,α,β,x_k)=f(x_k),R_n ^′(f,α,β,x_k)=f′(x_k)(k=1,2,…,n), where {x_k} are the roots of n-th Jacobi polynomial P_n(α,β,x),α,β>−1 and {x _k ^″ } are the roots of (1−x²)P_n″(α,β,x). In this paper, we prove that holds uniformly on [0,1]. In Memory of Professor M. T. Cheng Supported by the Science Foundation of CSBTB and the Natural Science Foundatioin of Zhejiang.     

Stability of lurie-type non-linear equations

Summary Conditions are given for the indirect control system x′=a(x)+bμ, μ′=φ(σ), σ=c^Tx−ϱμ, to be absolutely stable. These conditions reduce to LaSalle and Lefschetz's in the linear case: a(x)=Ax. The conditions obtained for the stability of the direct control system x′=a(x)+bφ(σ), σ=c^Tx, reduce also to Lurie's condition in the linear case. The case of the direct control system x′=a(x, t)+bφ(σ), σ=c^Tx is also investigated. Entrata in Redazione il 18 febbraio 1976.     

On the equationx″+f(x)h(x′)x′+g(x)=e(t)

Summary We consider the equation x″+f(x)h(x′)x′+g(x)=e(t) in which f, g, and h are continuous, e is sectionally continuous and absolutely integrable, h(u)>0, xg(x)>0 if x ≠ 0, and f(x)≥0. Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for boundedness of all solutions and their derivatives. When f(0)>(0) we give necessary and sufficient conditions for all solutions and their derivatives to converge to zero. Entrata in Redazione il 14 giugno 1969.     

OnL 1-vorticity for 2-D incompressible flow

We prove the existence of a classical weak solution for the 2-D incompressible Euler equations with initial vorticity ω₀=ω ₀ ^′ + ω ₀ ^″ , where ω ₀ ^′ is inL ¹(R ²)⌢H ⁻¹(R ²), compactly supported, and ω ₀ ^″ is a compactly supported positive Radon measure inH ⁻¹(R ²).     

Sviluppo delle funzioni implicitamente definite da un sistema di equazioni nel campo reale

Sunto Per la funzione reale del punto P(x, y): F[ξ(P), η(P)], ove u=ξ(P), v=η(P) sono implicitamente definite nel campo reale dal sistema delle due equazioni u−x+ϕ(u, v)=0, v−y+φ(u, v)=0 si dà uno sviluppo che estende quello ottenuto dalLevi-Civita per la funzione F[y(x)], ove y(x) è definita dalla equazione y−x+ϕ(y)=0. Ad Antonio Signorini nel suo 70^mo compleanno.     

On the ergodicity of a class of skew products

Letϕ: [0, 1]→R have continuous derivativeon the closed interval [0, 1], ∫ ₀ ¹ ϕ(x)dx=0, and letα be irrational. Ifϕ(1) ≠ϕ(0), then (x, y) ↦ (x + α, y + ϕ (x)) is ergodic onR/Z ×R.     

Convolution properties of some classes of analytic functions

Let A denote the class of functions which are analytic in |z|<1 and normalized so that f(0)=0 and f′(0)=1, and let R(α, β)⊂A be the class of functions f such thatRe[f′(z)+αzf″(z)]>β,Re α>0, β<1. We determine conditions under which (i) f ∈ R(α₁, β₁), g ∈ R(α₂, β₂) implies that the convolution f×g of f and g is convex; (ii) f ∈ R(0, β₁), g ∈ R(0, β₂) implies that f×g is starlike; (iii) f≠A such that f′(z)[f(z)/z]^μ-1 ≺ 1 + λz, μ>0, 0<λ<1, is starlike, and (iv) f≠A such that f′(z)+αzf″(z) ≺ 1 + λz, α>0, δ>0, is convex or starlike. Bibliography: 16 titles. Published inZapiski Nauchnykh Seminarov POMI, Vol. 226, 1996, pp. 138–154.     

When is a Markovian Semigroup Induced by a Semiflow?

t , for t ≥ 0, be a strongly continuous Markovian semigroup acting on C(X), where X is a compact Hausdorf space, and let D denote the domain of its infinitesimal generator Z. Suppose D contains a (perhaps finite) family of functions f separating the points of X and satisfying Zf² = 2fZf. If either (1) there exists δ > 0 such that (T^t f)²∈ D if 0 ≤ t ≤δ for each f in this family; or (1′) for some core D′ of Z, g ∈ D′ implies g²∈ D, then the underlying Markoff process on X is deterministic. That is, there exists a semiflow — a semigroup (under composition) of continuous functions φ_t from X into X — such that T^tf(x) = f(φ_t (x)). If the domain D should be an algebra then conditions (1) and (1′) hold trivially. Conversely, if we have a separating family satisfying Zf² = 2fZf then each of these conditions implies that D is an algebra. It is an open question as to whether these conditions are redundant. If the functions φ_t are homeomorphisms from X onto X, then of course we have a Markovian group induced by a flow. This result is obtained by first providing general results about the null-space N of the (function-valued) positive semidefinite quadratic form defined by < f, g > = Z(fg) - fZg - gZf. The set N can be defined for any generator Z of a strongly continuous Markovian semigroup and is equivalently given by N = {f ∈ D| f²∈ D and Zf² = 2fZf} = {f ∈ D| T^t(f²)-(T^tf)² is o(t²) in C(X)}. In the general case N is an algebra closed under composition with any C¹-function φ from the reals to the reals, and Z(φ[f]) = (Zf)φ′[f] if f ∈ N. This "chain rule" on N (on which Z must act as a derivation) is a special case of a theorem for C²-functions φ which holds more generally for all f in d, viz., Z(φ[f] = (Zf) φ′[f] + ? <f, f> φ″[f], Provided Z is a local operator and D is an algebra. In this case the form < f, g > itself enjoys the relation < φ[f], ψ[g] > = φ′ [f] ψ′[g] < f, g >, for C²functions φ and ψ. Some of the results and their proofs continue to hold when the setting is switched from the commutative C*-algebra C(X) to a general (noncommutative) C*-algebra A. In the norm continuous case we obtain a sharp characterization of Markovian semigroups that are groups: Let T^t = e^tz , defined for t ≥ 0, be a Markovian semigroup acting on a C*-algebra A that is norm continuous, i.e., ||T^t - I|| ⇒ 0 as t ⇒ 0 +. Assume Z(a²) = a(Za) + (Za) a for some (perhaps finite) set of self-adjoint elements a that generate a Jordan algebra dense among the self-adjoint elements of A. The e^tz , -∞ < t < ∞, is a group of Markovian operators.     

Two renewal theorems for general random walks tending to infinity

Summary. Necessary and sufficient conditions for the existence of moments of the first passage time of a random walk S _n into [x, ∞) for fixed x≧ 0, and the last exit time of the walk from (−∞, x], are given under the condition that S _n →∞ a.s. The methods, which are quite different from those applied in the previously studied case of a positive mean for the increments of S _n , are further developed to obtain the “order of magnitude” as x→∞ of the moments of the first passage and last exit times, when these are finite. A number of other conditions of interest in renewal theory are also discussed, and some results for the first time for which the random walk remains above the level x on K consecutive occasions, which has applications in option pricing, are given. Received: 18 September 1995/In revised form: 28 February 1996     

Oscillation of first order delay differential equations with oscillating coefficients

In this paper,some sufficient conditions for oscillation of a first order delay differen-tial equation with oscillating coefficients of the form x^1(t) p(t)x(t-τ)=0 are established ,which improve and generalize some of the known results in the literature.     

Necessary and sufficient conditions for oscillation of second order linear differential equations

Necessary and sufficient conditions are given for oscillations of second order linear differential equationx″+p(t)x′+q(t)x=0.