共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
R.A. Brandt 《Nuclear Physics B》1976,116(2):413-448
The renormalization of Abelian and non-Abelian local gauge theories is discussed. It is recalled that whereas Abelian gauge theories are invariant to local c-number gauge transformations δAμ(x) = ?μ,…, with □Λ = 0, and to the operator gauge transformation δAμ(x) = ?μφ(x), …, δφ(x) = α?1?·A(x), with □φ = 0, non-Abelian gauge theories are invariant only to the operator gauge transformations , …, introduced by Becchi, Rouet and Stora, where μ is the covariant derivative matrix and C is the vector of ghost fields. The renormalization of these gauge transformation is discussed in a formal way, assuming that a gauge-invariant regularization is present. The naive renormalized local non-Abelian c-number gauge transformation , …, is never a symmetry transformation and is never finite in perturbation theory. Only for with L finite constants or for with Ω a finite constant does it become a finite symmetry transformation, where is the ghost field renormalization constant. The renormalized non-Abelian Ward-Takahashi (Slavnov-Taylor) identities are consequences of the invariance of the renormalized gauge theory to this formation. It is also shown how the symmetry generators are renormalized, how photons appear as Goldstone bosons, how the (non-multiplicatively renormalizable) composite operator Aμ × C is renormalized, and how an Abelian c-number gauge symmetry may be reinstated in the exact solution of many asymptotically fr ee non-Abelian gauge theories. 相似文献
2.
Munetaka Nakata Kunio Kohata Tsutomu Fukuyama Kozo Kuchitsu 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1980,83(1):105-117
The rz structure of phosgene has been determined by a joint analysis of the electron diffraction intensity and the rotational constants as follows: , , ∠z;ClCCl = 111.83 ± 0.11°, where uncertainties represent estimated limits of experimental error. The effective constants representing bond-stretching anharmonicity have been obtained from an analysis of the isotopic differences in the rz structure: , . The equilibrium bond distances have been estimated from the rz structure for the normal species and from the anharmonic constants to be , . 相似文献
3.
《Physica A》1995,216(4):445-451
4.
H.-P. Dürr 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1982,115(1):33-39
A theory based solely on a 2×(N=2)-component Weyl spinor field χ(x) of subcanonical dimension allows the local construction (without derivatives) of effective fermi and bose fields with spins up to N=2. It is demonstrated that the lagrangian studied earlier is invariant under a global N=2 supersymmetry transformation and can be cast into a form involving the scalar chiral superfield the components of which are finite part products of the basic field. The theory can be generalized to an N-supersymmetric theory in a 2N-dimensional space-time yielding the Thirring model as special case for N=1. 相似文献
5.
The deviations from the exponential decay law of the states of the Dirac hydrogen atom with respect to the transition are numerically estimated. We find |a0(t) ? exp(?λt)|?2.5 × 10?4 for all t, where a0(t) is the “exact” decay amplitude and λ is a complex constant such that (2Re λ)?1 is the “natural lifetime” of the states with respect to the spontaneous transition to . 相似文献
6.
The surface plasmon dispersion relation is obtained for a metal with a free electron density given by N(z) = Nb + (Ns ? Nb) exp for z ? 0 and N = 0 for z < 0. We have used a local theory which includes the effects of retarded fields and found the dispersion relation to be sensitive to the parameters and a, which characterize our density profile. 相似文献
7.
A millimeter-wave spectrometer having a sensitivity of 4 × 10?10 cm?1 in the 2-mm region has been constructed for observation of extremely weak millimeter-wave spectra of gases. It has been used to measure J → J, K = 0 ← 3 transitions in PH3 and J → J, K = 0 ← 3 as well as K = ±1 ← ±4 transitions in PD3. The B0 and C0 spectral constants (in MHz) are: for PH3, B0 = 133 480.15 ± 0.12 and C0 = 117 488.85 ± 0.16; for PD3, B0 = 69 471.10 ± 0.03 and C0 = 58 974.37 ± 0.05. The effective ground-state values obtained for the bond angle and bond length are: for PH3, and ; for PD3, and . The corresponding zero-point-average values were calculated to be: for PH3, and ; for PD3, and . For both species, the equilibrium values are and . 相似文献
8.
G.C. Salzman Gerald G. Ohlsen J.C. Martin J.J. Jarmer T.R. Donoghue 《Nuclear Physics A》1974,222(3):512-524
Angular distributions of six polarization transfer coefficients ; of the four analyzing powers Ay(θ), Axx(θ), Ayy(θ), and Azz(θ); and of the polarization function Pý(θ), have been measured atEd = 10.00 MeV for the reaction 2H(d, n)3He. Measurements were made for neutron lab angles between 0° and 80° in 10° steps. Additionally the y-axis associated quantities were measured at θ1ab = 99°. Most of the measured coefficients are large at some angles and all show considerable variation with angle. 相似文献
9.
The anisotropic exchange is incorporated with the isotropic exchange ?2 a00SEu · SFe to interpret the observed spin-Hamiltonian parameters g and D of Fe3+ doped into EuGaG. Calculations from the observed g shifts yield a value of a00 equal to 0.01 K. In order to explain the observed D shift, it is concluded that the spherical harmonics Yμν(LEu) with μ > 2 are of dominant importance. 相似文献
10.
Measurements of the temperature dependence of the upper critical field, Hc2(T), for a series of V100?xGax materials are presented for 20.5 ≤ × ≤ 29.6. Fits of the data to conventional theory for a paramagnetically limited, dirty, type II superconductor show: 1) a maximum in Tc and Hc2(0) for x ? 25; 2) a constant ( for x ≤ 25; 3) a slowly increasing value of λso with increasing x up to x ~ 25; and 4) good agreement with stoichiometric ordered and thermally disordered V3Ga. Above broader transitions are observed. For x = 25, Tc = 15.3 K, (, λso = 0.3 and Hc2(0) = 23.4 tesla. The effects of inclusion of strong-coupling in the theory are discussed briefly. 相似文献
11.
We study the correlation function 〈σ0x(t)σnx(0)〉 of the transverse Ising model in a critical field whose hamiltonian is . At an arbitrary temperature T we relate the autocorrelation to a Fredholm determinant. Moreover at T = 0 the correlations are given by a Painlevé V function for all n. The long-time asymptotic behavior of this function is found and the connection problem is studied. This result contains oscillatory terms which are related to the density of states at the Brillouin zone boundary. 相似文献
12.
The ESR of the system has been investigated for 0.7 ? x ? 1. The g-shift (Δg) and the temperature derivative of the linewidth increase with decreasing Au concentration. For T ? 2°K effects in are observed, which are attributed to the Kondo effect. 相似文献
13.
H. Braun M. Cornelssen H.-U. Martyn O. Erriquez S. Natali F. Romano D. Bertrand M. Csejthey-Barth J. Lemonne P. Renton P. Vilain D.C. Cundy T.I. Pedersen D. Waldren 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1973,47(2):185-188
The q2 variation of the factor in the decay K+→π0e+ν has been studied using a sample of even detected in the CERN 1.1 m3 heavy-liquid bubble chamber. The data are consistent with a linear development with λ+=0.027±0.008. 相似文献
14.
15.
A.H.P. van der Burgh 《Journal of sound and vibration》1976,49(1):93-103
A procedure, closely related to the averaging method, is given for the construction of asymptotic approximations for the solutions of the Lagrangian system where ε > 0 and δ > 0 are small parameters, aij = aji and βij = βji are real constants. The solutions can be represented as follows: The asymptotic approximations (in a certain well-defined sense) of a, b, ξ and ψ are given. It is shown that a rapid variation of the phase, ψ(t), will take place if b → 0 for the case that δ ≈ ε or δ ? ε. In addition for the case δ ≈ ε the phenomenon of bifurcation will be discussed. 相似文献
16.
Shogo Aoyama 《Nuclear Physics B》1982,194(3):513-534
We shall observe that the renormalization of the string operator U(x1, x2; C) = Pexp{ig∫x1x2dxμAμ(x)} with an open path C (smooth and non-intersecting) is path-independently performed in any order of perturbation. To demonstrate this, the renormalization constants will be calculated up to order g4. Next the renormalization effect on the algebraic identity will be discussed and it will be proved that the renormalization preserves the algebraic identity in any order of perturbation if the paths C and are smoothly connected at x2. Finally, the string operator renormalization is extended to the case when the path C is smoothly closed (the Wilson loop operator). It is then shown that the renormalization factor which multiplicatively renormalizes the string operator in the case of the open path, is cancelled in any order of perturbation by the divergence appearing in the coincidence of the end points. As a results, the Wilson loop operator can be renormalized by the coupling constant renormalization alone. 相似文献
17.
Amit Sur 《Solid State Communications》1976,18(6):755-756
The first ten moments of the infinite-temperature space and frequency dependent two-spin correlation functions, and are obtained for the one-dimensional anisotropic Heisenberg model for r = 0 and r = 1. These are compared with those previously known. 相似文献
18.
D.L. Beke I. Gödény F.J. Kedves G. Erdélyi 《Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids》1979,40(7):543-555
With the use of the similarity of interatomic potentials relations concerning vacancy and diffusion characteristics in disordered regular solid solutions have been derived. It has been shown that the vacancy concentration is constant along ifTc(x) = TA + (TB ? TA)x + 2ΔTx(1?x), (TA and TB are the melting points of pure components A and B respectively, and ΔT is proportional to the excess enthalpy of mixing, x is the concentration of the atoms B) which is proportional to the binding energy of the crystal. The validity conditions of several empirical rules known in the literature are also analyzed. It has been found that the generalization of the well-known rule for self- and impurity diffusion in pure metals has the following form In (Z = AorB) where p is a constant for alloys having identical structures (D0z(x) and Qz(x) denote the preexponential factors and the activation energies respectively). The results calculated from the relations derived were compared with experimental data for tracer diffusion in the systems AgAu, CuNi (having slight deviation from regularity), Pb-Tl (showing ordering phenomena) and AlZn (clustering effects) and a good agreement was found. 相似文献
19.
Robert W. Field Richard A. Gottscho E. Miescher 《Journal of Molecular Spectroscopy》1975,58(3):394-413
No perturbation between two valence states of NO has ever been identified, although many valence-Rydberg and several Rydberg-Rydberg perturbations have been extensively studied. The first valence-valence crossing to be experimentally documented for NO is reported here and occurs between the 15N18O B2Π (v = 18) and B′2Δ (v = 1) levels. No level shifts larger than the detection limit of 0.1 cm?1 are observed at the crossings near and ; two crossings involving higher rotational levels could not be examined. Semi-empirical calculations of spin-orbit and Coriolis perturbation matrix elements indicate that although the electronic part of the interaction is large, a small vibrational factor renders the 15N18O B (v = 18) ? B′ (v = 1) perturbation unobservable. Semi-empirical estimates are given for all perturbation matrix elements of the operators and which connect states belonging to the configurations , , and . 相似文献
20.
Yu.M. Antipov V.A. Bessubov N.P. Budanov Yu.P. Gorin S.P. Denisov S.V. Klimenko A.A. Lebedev Yu.V. Mikhailov A.I. Petrukhin S.A. Polovnikov V.N. Roinishvili D.A. Stoyanova F.A. Yotch 《Physics letters. [Part B]》1978,76(2):235-236
The differential cross sections and of inclusive J/ψ production by 43 GeV/c π? off Be, Cu and W nuclei have been measured. Fitting we observed the increase of α with pt2. 相似文献