共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
T. Mančal V. May 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2000,18(4):633-643
Non-Markovian dynamics in open quantum systems is characterized by a time-non-locality in the equation of motion valid for
the reduced density operator. An expansion of this density matrix equation with respect to Laguerre polynomials is used to
tackle the time-non-locality. The applicability and the numerical limitations of the method are discussed in detail. In order
to illuminate the characteristics of non-Markovian dynamics the reference example is studied of a single quantum degree of
freedom moving in a harmonic potential and being embedded in a heat bath. If interpreted as the photoinduced dynamics of nuclear
motion in polyatomic molecules we can suggest two clear signatures of non-Markovian dynamics observable in ultrafast optical
experiments, firstly a pronounced and somewhat irregular oscillatory behavior of the vibrational level populations, and secondly
a separation of the vibrational wavepacket into a double-structure.
Received 12 April 2000 and Received in final form 2 September 2000 相似文献
2.
3.
Ll. Serra A. Puente 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,14(1):77-81
The magnetic extension of the Thomas-Fermi-Weizs?cker kinetic energy is used within density-functional-theory to numerically
obtain the ground state densities and energies of two-dimensional quantum dots. The results are thoroughly compared with the
microscopic Kohn-Sham ones in order to assess the validity of the semiclassical method. Circular as well as deformed systems
are considered.
Received 26 October 2000 and Received in final form 14 December 2000 相似文献
4.
M. Valín-Rodríguez A. Puente Ll. Serra 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2000,12(3):493-498
We present calculations within density functional theory of the ground state and collective electronic oscillations in small
two-dimensional quantum rings. No spatial symmetries are imposed to the solutions and, as in a recent contribution, a transition
to a broken symmetry solution in the intrinsic reference frame for an increasingly narrow ring is found. The oscillations
are addressed by using real-time simulation. Conspicuous effects of the broken symmetry solution on the spectra are pointed
out.
Received 6 April 2000 and Received in final form 9 June 2000 相似文献
5.
M. Hartmann R. Mitrić B. Stanca V. Bonačić-Koutecký 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,16(1):151-155
Ultrafast ground state nuclear dynamics of Au4 and Ag4 is theoretically explored in the framework of negative ion - to neutral - to positive ion (NeNePo) pump-probe spectroscopy
based on the ab initio Wigner distribution approach. This involves the preparation of a nonequilibrium neutral ensemble by pump induced photodetachment
of a thermal anionic ground state distribution, gradient corrected DFT classical trajectory simulations “on the fly” on the
neutral ground state, and detection of the relaxation process of the ensemble in the cationic ground state by a time-delayed
probe pulse. In Au4, the initially prepared linear structure is close to a local minimum of the neutral state giving rise to characteristic vibrations
in the signals for probe wavelength near the initial Franck-Condon transition. A timescale of ∼1 ps for the structural relaxation towards the stable rhombic D2h neutral isomer was determined by the increase of the signal for probe wavelength in vicinity of the vertical ionization energy
of the rhombic structure. In contrast, the relaxation dynamics in Ag4 is characterized by normal mode vibrations since both the initially prepared anionic ground state and the neutral ground
state have rhombic minimum geometries. Thus, time-resolved oscillations of pump-probe signals are fingerprints of structural
behaviour which can be used experimentally for the identification of particular isomers in the framework of NeNePo spectroscopy.
Received 22 December 2000 相似文献
6.
J.U. Andersen E. Bonderup 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2000,12(3):435-448
Semi-empirical atom-atom potential energy calculations based on pairwise additive interactions are performed and, after applying
the Born-Oppenheimer approximation to separate high frequency vibrational modes from low frequency orientational and translational
modes, the infrared vibrational spectra of CO2 and N2O monomers trapped in an argon matrix at a temperature of 5 K are determined. It is shown that only a double substitutional
site in argon can accommodate N2O, whereas CO2 is trapped in two distinct sites, of single and double substitutional types. The model shows that splitting of the degenerate
mode occurs for both molecules in the double site. In the ground electronic state, the vibrational frequency shifts due to
the matrix and the vibrational transition moments for low-lying levels are determined using the contact transformation method,
as used for gas phase calculations. Calculated energy levels compare well with observed ones and the theory also predicts
some unobserved levels. Moreover, calculations show no significant changes in the dipole moments of both CO2 and N2O trapped molecules.
Received 22 March 2000 and Received in final form 10 May 2000 相似文献
7.
8.
V. Bonačić-Koutecký M. Hartmann J. Pittner 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,16(1):133-138
We present the ultrafast multistate nuclear dynamics involving adiabatic and nonadiabatic excited states of non-stoichiometric
halide deficient clusters (NanFn-1) characterized by strong ionic bonding and one-excess electron for which the “frozen ionic bonds” approximation has been
justified allowing to consider the optical response of the single excess electron in the effective field of the other electrons.
We combined the Wigner-Moyal representation of the vibronic density matrix with the ab initio multi state molecular dynamics in the ground and excited electronic states including the nonadiabatic couplings calculated
“on the fly” at low computational demand. This method allows the simulation of femtosecond pump-probe and pump-dump signals
based on an analytical formulation, which utilizes temperature dependent ground state initial conditions, an ensemble of trajectories
carried out on the electronic excited state as well as on the ground state after the passage through the conical intersection
in the case of nonadiabatic dynamics and for probing either in the cationic state or in the ground state. The choice of the
systems we presented has been made in order to determine the timescales of the fast geometric relaxation leaving the bonding
frame intact as during the dynamics in the first excited state of Na4F3, and of the bond breaking processes leading to conical intersection between the first excited state and the ground state
as in Na3F2. The former is the smallest finite system prototype for an surface F-center of bulk color centers. The latter allows to study
the photo isomerization in full complexity taking into account all degrees of freedom. In the case of Na4F3 after the fast geometric relaxation in the excited state leading to deformed cuboidal structure without breaking of bonds,
different types of internal vibrational redistribution (IVR) processes have been identified in pump-dump signals by tuning
the dump laser. In contrast, from the analysis of the pump-probe signals of Na3F2 cluster, the timescales for the metallic and the ionic bond breaking, as well as for the passage through conical intersection
have been determined. Finally the conditions under which these processes can be experimentally observed have been identified.
Received 22 December 2000 相似文献
9.
H. Niggemann A. Klümper J. Zittartz 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2000,13(1):15-19
We use the vertex state model approach to construct optimum ground states for a large class of quantum spin-2 antiferromagnets
on the square lattice. Optimum ground states are exact ground states of the model which minimize all local interaction operators.
The ground state contains two continuous parameters and exhibits a second order phase transition from a disordered phase with
exponentially decaying correlation functions to a Néel ordered phase. The behaviour is very similar to that of the corresponding
ground state of a quantum spin-3/2 model on the hexagonal lattice, which has been investigated in an earlier paper.
Received 8 April 1999 相似文献
10.
K. Blagoev R. Roussev A. Morozov K. Iskra L. Windholz 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,13(2):159-163
Radiative lifetimes of 7d, 8d 1
D
2 excited states of Hg I are measured using pulsed two-photon excitation from the ground [Xe]5d
106s
2
1
S
0 mercury state, detecting the decay of the laser-induced fluorescence. The results are compared with theoretical values, obtained
by means of a Hartree-Fock single configuration method, taking into account electron configuration interaction. The radiative
lifetime value dependence on the effective principal quantum number for the nd 1
D
2 series is analyzed and compared with the quantum defect dependence.
Received 25 February 2000 and Received in final form 26 July 2000 相似文献
11.
M. van den Bossche F.-C. Zhang F. Mila 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2000,17(3):367-370
In order to understand the properties of Mott insulators with strong ground state orbital fluctuations, we study the zero
temperature properties of the SU(4) spin-orbital model on a square lattice. Exact diagonalizations of finite clusters suggest that the ground state is disordered
with a singlet-multiplet gap and possibly low-lying SU(4) singlets in the gap. An interpretation in terms of plaquette SU(4) singlets is proposed. The implications for LiNiO2 are discussed.
Received 6 July 2000 相似文献
12.
C.P. Sun D.L. Zhou S.X. Yu X.F. Liu 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,13(1):145-155
Based on the Born-Oppenhemer approximation, the concept of adiabatic quantum entanglement is introduced to account for quantum
decoherence of a quantum system due to its interaction with a large system of one or a few degrees of freedom. In the adiabatic
limit, it is shown that the wave function of the total system formed by the quantum system plus the large system can be factorized
as an entangled state with correlation between adiabatic quantum states and quasi-classical motion configurations of the large
system. In association with a novel viewpoint about quantum measurement, which has been directly verified by most recent experiments
[e.g., S. Durr et al., Nature 33, 359 (1998)], it is shown that the adiabatic entanglement is indeed responsible for the quantum decoherence and thus can
be regarded as a “clean” quantum measurement when the large system behaves as a classical object. By taking the large system
respectively to be a macroscopically distinguishable spatial variable, a high spin system and a harmonic oscillator with a
coherent initial state, three illustrations are presented with their explicit solutions in this paper.
Received 26 February 2000 and Received in final form 14 July 2000 相似文献
13.
G.K. Paramonov H. Naundorf O. Kühn 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2001,14(2):205-215
The laser driven dynamics of the OH(D) stretching vibration in phthalic acid monomethylester is investigated. The combination
of a 55-dimensional all-Cartesian reaction surface Hamiltonian and the time-dependent self-consistent field approach is shown
to provide a microscopic picture of intramolecular vibrational energy redistribution taking place upon interaction with an
external laser field. Choosing suitable zeroth-order vibrational states and combinations thereof a quasi-periodic in-phase and out-of-phase oscillatory behavior is observed manifesting energy flow on different time scales. The fingerprints of this behavior in transient
absorption spectroscopy are also discussed.
Received 24 August 2000 and Received in final form 11 October 2000 相似文献
14.
15.
F. Selva J.-L. Pichard 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,20(3):441-449
We study the difference between on site Hubbard and long range Coulomb repulsions for two interacting particles in a disordered
chain. The system size L (in units of the lattice spacing) is of the order of the one particle localization length and the energies are taken near
the band center. In the two cases, the limits of weak and strong interactions are characterized by uncorrelated energy levels
and are separated by a crossover regime where the states are more extended and the spectra more rigid. U denoting the interaction strength and t the kinetic energy scale, the crossovers take place for interaction energy to kinetic energy ratios U/t and U/(2tL) of order one, for Hubbard and Coulomb repulsions respectively. While Hubbard repulsion can only yield weak critical chaos
with intermediate spectral statistics, Coulomb repulsion can drive the two particle system to quantum chaos with Wigner-Dyson
spectral statistics. The interaction matrix elements are studied to explain this difference.
Received 21 March 2000 and Received in final form 5 February 2001 相似文献
16.
17.
F. Schmidt-Kaler J. Eschner G. Morigi C.F. Roos D. Leibfried A. Mundt R. Blatt 《Applied physics. B, Lasers and optics》2001,73(8):807-814
A novel method of ground-state laser cooling of trapped atoms utilizes the absorption profile of a three- (or multi-) level
system that is tailored by a quantum interference. With cooling rates comparable to conventional sideband cooling, lower final
temperatures may be achieved. The method was experimentally implemented to cool a single Ca+ ion to its vibrational ground state. Since a broad band of vibrational frequencies can be cooled simultaneously, the technique
will be particularly useful for the cooling of larger ion strings, thereby being of great practical importance for initializing
a quantum register based on trapped ions. We also discuss its application to different level schemes and for ground-state
cooling of neutral atoms trapped by a far-detuned standing wave laser field.
Received: 10 July 2001 / Published online: 23 November 2001 相似文献
18.
V. Bystritsky W. Czapliński M. Filipowicz E. Guła N. Popov 《The European Physical Journal D - Atomic, Molecular, Optical and Plasma Physics》2000,8(1):75-83
The time-dependence of the population of muonic hydrogen states in hydrogen-helium mixtures is calculated for principal quantum
number n. The number of muons transferred to helium nuclei is also determined. The dependence of the population of the ground state
of muonic hydrogen on time and target density and the helium concentration is also considered. The results are in agreement with recent experimental
data. The comparison of the calculated yield of K lines of X-ray in pure hydrogen and deuterium with experimental data indicates the essential role of the Coulomb deexcitation
process. Possible Stark mixing is also analysed.
Received 17 February 1999 and Received in final form 9 June 1999 相似文献
19.
We study the effect of photon scattering from a path of a four-beam atomic interference setup, which is based on a cesium
atomic beam and two subsequent optical Ramsey pulses projecting the atoms onto a multilevel dark state. While in two-beam
interference, any attempt to keep track of an interfering path reduces the fringe contrast, we demonstrate that photon scattering
in a multiple-path arrangement cannot only lead to a decrease, but - under certain conditions - also to an increase of the
interference contrast. The results are confirmed by a density-matrix calculation. We are aware that in all cases the “which-path”
information carried away by the scattered photons leads to a loss of information that is contained in the atomic quantum state.
An approach to quantify this “which-path” information using observed fringe signals is presented; it allows for an appropriate
measure of quantum decoherence in multiple-path interference.
Received: 27 July 2000 / Published online: 6 December 2000 相似文献
20.
D. Weinmann P. Schmitteckert R.A. Jalabert J.-L. Pichard 《The European Physical Journal B - Condensed Matter and Complex Systems》2001,19(1):139-156
We study the delocalization effect of a short-range repulsive interaction on the ground state of a finite density of spinless
fermions in strongly disordered one dimensional lattices. The density matrix renormalization group method is used to explore
the charge density and the sensitivity of the ground state energy with respect to the boundary condition (the persistent current)
for a wide range of parameters (carrier density, interaction and disorder). Analytical approaches are developed and allow
to understand some mechanisms and limiting conditions. For weak interaction strength, one has a Fermi glass of Anderson localized
states, while in the opposite limit of strong interaction, one has a correlated array of charges (Mott insulator). In the
two cases, the system is strongly insulating and the ground state energy is essentially invariant under a twist of the boundary
conditions. Reducing the interaction strength from large to intermediate values, the quantum melting of the solid array gives
rise to a more homogeneous distribution of charges, and the ground state energy changes when the boundary conditions are twisted.
In individual chains, this melting occurs by abrupt steps located at sample-dependent values of the interaction where an (avoided)
level crossing between the ground state and the first excitation can be observed. Important charge reorganizations take place
at the avoided crossings and the persistent currents are strongly enhanced around the corresponding interaction value. These
large delocalization effects become smeared and reduced after ensemble averaging. They mainly characterize half filling and
strong disorder, but they persist away of this optimal condition.
Received 5 July 2000 and Received in final form 8 November 2000 相似文献