Optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexed transmission using all‐optical discrete Fourier transform

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) can provide spectrally efficient communication channels because it can utilize carrier orthogonality and various impairment mitigation methods. An optical OFDM signal can be generated electronically to multiplex lower‐rate carriers. In recent advancements, OFDM signals are also shown to be generated and demultiplexed by all‐optical discrete Fourier transform (DFT), overcoming the speed limit of electronics for >Tbps capacity. High‐performance DFT devices, such as arrayed waveguide grating (AWG) or planar lightwave circuit (PLC), are critically required to obtain strong orthogonality for scalable all‐optical OFDM (AO‐OFDM) system implementations. Advanced techniques such as coherent modulation and detection with digital impairment mitigation are also important for long‐reach AO‐OFDM transmissions. More recently, optical superchannel schemes have been introduced utilizing coherent detection for multi‐Tbps AO‐OFDM transmissions. This paper reviews the device and system aspects for the AO‐OFDM technology, including a generalized theoretical model to provide an indepth understanding.     

High performance III/V RTD and PIN diode on a silicon (001) substrate

We report on the fabrication of high performance InP-based devices on an exact (001)Si-substrate. On an InP-on-Si quasi-substrate, the growth of superlattices and low-temperature InAlAs buffer for surface and device layer improvement is investigated. The selected device examples are an InGaAsP PIN diode and an (In)AlAs/In(Ga)As resonant tunnelling diodes. The functionality of these examples relies sensitively on sharp interfaces of ultra thin layers and a high optical quality of epitaxially grown III/V layers silicon substrates. A qualitative improvement is obtained for a low-temperature InAlAs buffer layer grown prior to the of device layers. Based on device models extracted from the fabricated devices a potentially low-cost optical receiver circuit on a Si-substrate is proposed and simulated using HSPICE up to 10 Gbit/s. PACS 73.40.Kp; 73.43.Jn; 73.61.Ey; 78.70.Ck; 78.70.Gq     

All-optical wavelength conversion for 10-Gb/s NRZ payload and 2.5-Gb/s OFDM label in optical-packet-switched network

Simultaneous wavelength conversion based on four-wave mixing (FWM) for 10-Gb/s NRZ payload and 2.5-Gb/s OFDM label signals in optical switching network is experimentally demonstrated. The dual-pump scheme based on FWM in semiconductor optical amplifier (SOA) is employed and simultaneous wavelength conversion for optical packet with one optical payload of 10-Gb/s non-return-to-zero (NRZ) on-off keying (OOK) signals and one optical label of 2.5-Gb/s OFDM signals are realized. The bit-error-rate performance is evaluated for both payload and label after wavelength conversion.     

Ultrafast All-Optical Serial-to-Parallel Conversion and Its Application to Optical Label Processing

A novel scheme for all-optical serial-to-parallel conversion (SPC) is proposed for label recognition of ultrafast asynchronous burst optical packets. Compact SP converter modules were developed using a fiber array or a surfaceemitting planar lightwave circuit, and 1-Tbit/s and 40-Gbit/s SPC for 16-bit optical packets is demonstrated using the modules. The key device in the converter is a spin-polarized surface-reflection all-optical switch (LOTOS) with an ultrafast switching time (250 fs) and an extremely high on/off ratio (>30 dB). Label recognition of 40-Gbit/s 16-bit burst-mode optical packets is experimentally confirmed using an optical clock-pulse generator and a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) electronics circuit as well as the all-optical SP converter. 1 x 4 self-routing is also demonstrated using 2-channel control signals generated from the CMOS circuit according to a routing table.     

Novel optical packet switching scheme using OFDM label with one core router and two edge routers

In this paper, we propose and experimentally demonstrate a novel optical packet switching scheme with one core router and two edge routers, in which an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signal is generated as a label. In this experiment there are two transmission spans, each span consists of 50-km SMF-28 and an erbium-doped optical fiber amplifier (EDFA) without dispersion management. A 10 Gb/s on-off keying (OOK) optical payload and a 2.5 Gb/s OFDM optical label are generated, encapsulated, and transmitted in the first span. And then old label is replaced by new label, the generated new optical packet after transmission over the second span is detached and detected. The transmission performance of the optical label and payload is experimentally investigated at the ingress router, core router and egress router.     

Performance enhancement of 10 Gb/s direct modulation optical OFDM by external optical injection

We show experimentally and by simulation a performance enhancement of a directly modulated 10 Gb/s optical Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing (OFDM) system due to external optical injection. The experiment is performed back to back and over 12 km of single mode fiber. The injection extends the range of linear operation of the laser and therefore extends the usable bandwidth for direct modulation formats which are susceptible to nonlinearity, such as OFDM. Nonlinearity in the system and its reduction due to injection are estimated by means of a two tone test. Additionally the performance enhancement on OFDM systems was verified in both simulation and experimentally by the comparisons of the average Bit Error Rate (BER) and Error Vector Magnitude (EVM).     

Ultra-broadband OFDM signal generation for 1-Tb/s super-channel coherent optical OFDM transmission

A 320.6-GHz multi-band optical OFDM signal generation scheme consisting of continuous 4,104 subcarriers is demonstrated for 1-Tb/s coherent optical OFDM (CO-OFDM) transmission. The 36 uncorrelated orthogonal bands are generated using a recirculating frequency shifter (RFS) with single laser by adjusting the loop delay of RFS to be an integer multiple of OFDM symbol period. The principle and performance of this generation scheme is studied theoretically and experimentally. The 1-Tb/s CO-OFDM signal is successfully received after 600-km SSMF fiber transmission without any dispersion compensation.     

Guard-band influence on orthogonal-band-multiplexed coherent optical OFDM

Coherent optical orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) has recently been demonstrated beyond 100 Gb/s using orthogonal band multiplexing (OBM). OBM-OFDM gives a multitude of benefits in implementing high-speed optical OFDM transmission. We investigate the system sensitivity to the guard band of OBM-OFDM. The result suggests that when the guard band equals a multiple of the subcarrier spacing, the Q penalty practically vanishes. We also show that two OFDM bands can be demodulated simultaneously with one fast Fourier transform, owing to interband orthogonality, and its performance is almost the same as one-band detection.     

一种光正交频分复用系统的联合相位均衡方法

正交频分复用（OFDM）技术加相干接收与数字信号处理法(DSP)的组合是超长距离光通信的理想模型。光OFDM系统对相位噪声十分敏感,必须对相位噪声进行补偿。提出一种基于正交小波基变换的光OFDM系统的联合相位均衡方案。该方案将块状导频周期性地插入OFDM信号,在接收端利用导频信息首先消除各个子载波的公共相位误差,然后采用自适应均衡方式消除每个子载波自身相位误差。仿真结果表明,对于二进制正交振幅键控(4QAM)调制信号,在采用常规的G.652光纤、100 Gb/s的相干光OFDM系统中,该联合相位补偿方法可使信号在满足传输系统的误码性能要求下,传输距离达到1000 km。     

Collective reception of orthogonal band multiplexed data streams for OFDM-PON upstream transmissions

We propose and demonstrate a novel OFDM-PON upstream transmission architecture with traffic aggregation by orthogonal band multiplexing. The aggregated data streams that propagate in different fiber lengths from ONUs are collectively received and demodulated using one receiver, when the OFDM signals are in a synchronous state. In simulation, four optical network units (ONUs) transmit upstream data at four different frequency bands, and use orthogonal band multiplexing with a proper configuration. The orthogonal band multiplexed 10-Gb/s OFDM signal is collectively received to validate the feasibility of the architecture. We also conduct a proof-of-concept experiment to verify the orthogonal band multiplexing and collective reception. We also verify that the tolerance to the time mismatch of the orthogonal band multiplexing is twice of the CP length.     

Hybrid cable television and orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing transport system basing on single wavelength polarization and amplitude remodulation schemes

A hybrid community antenna television (CATV) and orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing (OFDM) transport system is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to transmit multiple CATV channels and bi-directional radio frequency signals on a single optical carrier. By polarization remodulating an optical CATV signal with downstream OFDM signals and then amplitude remodulating upstream OFDM signals with the hybrid CATV/OFDM signals, this architecture can efficiently utilize only one optical carrier to support optical analog/digital CATV transmission and bi-directional wireless broadband services for each client. Good experimental results prove that this architecture provides a proper wavelength utilization scheme for future multiwavelength optical transport systems.     

Experimental demonstration of 60 Gb/s optical OFDM transmissions at 1550 nm over 100 m OM1 MMF IMDD system with central launching

Record-high 60 Gb/s optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing(OFDM) transmissions over intensity modulation and direct-detection(IMDD)-based 100 m optical mode(OM1) multi-mode fiber(MMF) links are experimentally demonstrated, utilizing 10 GHz electro-absorption modulated laser intensity modulators at a single 1550 nm wavelength. Adaptive bit loading and a simple central launching scheme of the proposed scheme show an effective way for combating the channel fading and simplifying the system structure. It shows good potential in short reach data center interconnections.     

采用OFDM信号作为标记的光分组交换方案

以光正交频分复用信号作为光标记,利用两个不同波长的光载波分别经过强度调制,产生了10 Gb/sOOK光载荷和2.5 Gb/sOFDM光标记。测得了光分组信号经光纤传输前后接收载荷的眼图和标记的星座图以及误码率曲线,结果表明:经过40 km光纤传输后,载荷与标记的功率代价分别为1dB和0.5dB。     

An optical OFDM multiplexer and 16 × 10 Gb/s OOFDM system using serrodyne optical frequency translation based on LiNbO3 phase modulator

This paper proposes an all-optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) multiplexer based on sawtooth wave driving LiNbO₃ phase modulators by using serrodyne optical frequency translation. This multiplexer has high integration ability. The designing concept and implementation method have been discussed. A 16 × 10 Gb/s optical OFDM system is designed based on this multiplexer. Transmission characteristics, including tolerances of polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and nonlinear impairments have been studied numerically. Simulations show that the PMD tolerance is about 42 ps. The spectral efficiency reaches 1 bit/s/Hz with binary modulation format.     

大气激光通信非对称限幅光正交频分复用技术

将一种新的正交频分复用调制技术运用到大气激光通信系统中,分析了采用这种非对称限幅光正交频分复用调制技术的大气激光通信系统在大气湍流信道下的性能.在此基础上,把非对称限幅光正交频分复用调制方案与传统的开关键控及直流偏置光正交频分复用调制方案进行了比较,并在大气湍流信道中进行了仿真.仿真结果表明:非对称限幅光正交频分复用调...     

Study on the efficiency of Eb/No algorithm for BER estimation over 112-Gb/s PDM CO-OFDM system with QPSK mapping

We research an efficient BER estimation method for 112-Gb/s polarization division multiplexing coherent optical OFDM (PDM CO-OFDM) with QPSK mapping over 800 km SSMF based on Eb/No algorithm in this paper. We first lay out the related formulas’ derivation to set up the theoretical basis for the feasibility of Eb/No algorithm and then we implement a series of simulations to illustrate the relationship of BER (and Q factor) versus OSNR, launch power of transmitter, chromatic dispersion and nonlinearity in optical fiber link via both Eb/No algorithm and Monte Carlo algorithm. The simulations demonstrate that BER estimated by Eb/No algorithm can achieve a precision up to 10⁻¹⁶ just with 10⁵ bits while Monte Carlo algorithm needs at least 10¹⁸ bits to get the same level. Therefore, Eb/No allows a quick and reliable method for BER estimation instead of the time consuming Monte Carlo method, which can be used to support simulations with various conditions.     

基于半导体光放大器平行双抽运对OFDM光信号进行全光波长变换性能研究

研究了基于半导体光放大器平行双抽运对光正交频分复用信号进行全光波长变换的系统.信号光源经2Gb/s电信号直接调制后再和双抽运光耦合,经半导体光放大器后,由于四波混频效应而产生新的波长的信号光.实验结果显示,经半导体光放大器四波混频效应后,产生新的波长的信号光将携带OFDM信号且偏振不敏感,转换效率与双抽运光之间的波长间隔,抽运与信号光波长间距,信号光与泵浦光之间的偏振夹角等有关.同时也测量了转换的OFDM信号的功率-误码曲线和接收星座图.     

基于相位调制器产生六倍频光毫米波的OFDM信号光传输系统研究

提出了两个并行相位调制器产生六倍频光毫米波并传输正交频分复用信号的全双工光纤无线通信系统.将2.5 Gbt/s的正交频分复用信号调制到60 GHz光毫米波上.从理论上分析了毫米波产生的原理,并分别模拟了毫米波信号承载OOK信号和正交频分复用信号在光纤中的传输性能.从而验证系统的可行性.仿真模拟结果表明,在光纤无线通信系统中,正交频分复用比非归零码更具有优势.     

基于半导体光放大器平行双抽运对OFDM光信号进行全光波长变换性能研究

研究了基于半导体光放大器平行双抽运对光正交频分复用信号进行全光波长变换的系统.信号光源经2Gb/s电信号直接调制后再和双抽运光耦合,经半导体光放大器后,由于四波混频效应而产生新的波长的信号光.实验结果显示,经半导体光放大器四波混频效应后,产生新的波长的信号光将携带OFDM信号且偏振不敏感,转换效率与双抽运光之间的波长间隔,抽运与信号光波长间距,信号光与泵浦光之间的偏振夹角等有关.同时也测量了转换的OFDM信号的功率-误码曲线和接收星座图.     

Reduction of frequency fading and imperfect frequency response with pre-emphasis technique in OFDM-ROF systems

In this paper, a novel technique is proposed and experimentally demonstrated to reduce the effect of frequency fading (FF) and imperfect frequency response in direct-detection (DD) optical orthogonal frequency division multiplexing-radio-over-fiber (OFD-MROF) systems. To overcome FF effect in the optical fiber and imperfect frequency response in the optical and electrical devices at the high frequency, we pre-emphasize the power of the millimeter wave (mm-wave) OFDM sub-carriers appropriately in the center station. Experimental result of the proposed system shows the received sensitivity has been improved about 2 dB at the BER of 1 × 10^− 4 after 50 km SSMF transmission for 2.5 Gb/s OFDM signal carried on 60 GHz optical mm-wave compared to the original system without pre-emphasis technique.