硼酰化钴中硼的快速测定

硼酰化钴中硼的测定采用EDTA作为钴的络合掩蔽剂,消除了钴对测定硼的影响。同时改用溴甲酚绿-甲基红-酚酞三元混合指示剂作为测定硼的指示剂,使滴定终点灵敏、准确。建立了一种测定硼酰化钴中硼含量的简便、快速的分析方法。     

以三亚乙基四胺六乙酸为螯合剂络合返滴定钴的研究

研究了以５－Ｂｒ－ＰＡＤＡＰ或３，５－Ｂｒ２－ＰＡＤＡＰ为指示剂，在ｐＨ６．０￣６．５的六次甲基四胺介质中，用ＴＴＨＡ络合返滴定钴。实验表明，采用锌盐为返滴剂，在终点时有着非常敏锐、清淅的颜色变化，钴的检测范围为０．５￣５０ｍｇ／５０ｍＬ。方法完全适用于钴合金、氧化钴、钴铁及钴电解液等中钴的测定，相对标准偏差〈１．５０％（ｎ＝５）。     

2-(四氮唑偶氮)-5-二乙氨基苯甲酸指示剂络合滴定法测定钴

探讨 2 (四氮唑偶氮 ) 5 二乙氨基苯甲酸 (TTZDBA)作为络合滴定钴的指示剂的分析性能。在pH值为 7.0的NH3 ·H2 O -NH4Ac缓冲溶液中 ,加入 5滴TTZDBA作指示剂 ,用EDTA标准溶液进行滴定 ,滴定终点溶液的颜色变化敏锐 ,由紫红色变为亮橙色。将该方法用于试剂和钴基合金样品中钴的测定 ,测定结果与标准值相符 ,RSD(n =6 )为 0 .38%～ 1.5 2 %。     

酸碱滴定法测定硼粉中硼

以酸碱滴定法测定硼粉中硼含量。称样质量为0.14～0.20 g,加酸加热回流50 min,定容至500 mL,移取50.00 mL作为样品溶液。样品溶液先用碱液中和至pH 5.4,然后加入5 g甘露醇,用0.1 mol/L氢氧化钠标准滴定溶液滴定,临近终点时记录消耗的体积与试液pH值,用二级微商法算得终点体积。硼含量测定结果的相对标准偏差为0.32%～0.42%(n=9)。对比测定硼酸硼含量,该方法所得结果的相对标准偏差为0.05%(n=5)。     

EDTA滴定法测定稀土镁硅铁中氧化镁

本文用EDTA络合滴定法测定稀土镁硅铁中氧化镁含量。试样经重铬酸钾溶解、浸取、分离，在pH10时，以铬黑T为指示剂，EDTA标准溶液定量对钙、镁合量铬合滴定。在pH≥12时，以钙试剂为指示剂，EDTA标液定量滴定钙量，同时做空白试剂试验，用差减法计算氧化镁量。方法特点，不必挥铬，EDTA滴定，终点明确，结果的精密度好，相对标准偏差在1．52％以内，     

EDTA滴定法快速测定铝铁合金中铝

目前铝铁合金中铝的测定一般都采用氟化物取代法。该方法需要经过煮沸,手续繁琐且影响滴定终点指示剂变色的干扰因素较多,特别当铁、钛含量较高时易引起误差。本文在研究了铋、铁、钛、铝离子与EDTA络合平衡的基础上,提出用EDTA在高酸度掩蔽铁离子、苦杏仁酸掩蔽钛后,加入过量EDTA并严格控制酸度,用硝酸铋回滴测定铝铁合金中铝含量的方法。该方法快速简便,终点指示剂变色敏锐,测定结果稳定、重现性好。     

用TritonX-100-PAN-S作为络合滴定指示剂测定铜

研究了用TritonX-100-PAN-S作为络合滴定指示剂测定铜的方法。在pH4.5的乙酸-乙酸钠介质中,采用PAN-S为指示剂,以TritonX-100增敏、增稳,用EDTA为络合剂滴定铜。结果表明,待测溶液在测定终点前和达到终点时对比度为79nm,滴定标准偏差为0.039,共存离子的影响小,指示剂在室温下保存至少稳定6个月。可认为用TritonX-100-PAN-S作金属指示剂,能改善反应条件,提高变色灵敏度,是一种优于PAN的金属指示剂。     

矿石中钍和稀土的连续络合滴定

EDTA连续络合滴定钍和稀土存在的主要问题是在滴定钍后调节pH 5—6滴定稀土时,由于生成了Th-EDTA-指示剂有色三元配合物,指示剂被封闭,使终点无法辨认。Pribil甚至认为用EDTA或CDTA连续滴定稀土是不可能的。为了解决此问题,本文选择了指示剂和有关络合滴定条件以及矿石中常量钍和稀土的草酸盐沉淀分离条件。试验结果表明:草酸盐沉淀最佳酸度是pH1.5—2.5,此时回收率最高,以二甲酚橙为指示剂滴定钍最佳酸度是pH1.8—2.2,此时终点敏锐,高达15倍的稀土;尚无干扰;在连续滴定稀土时,本文首次提出以钙萤素及PAR为混合指示剂,在pH5.0—5.2的条件下以铜盐反滴定至萤光消失的方法测定稀土总量。由于采用了萤光滴定,所以钍量高达75mg对稀土的滴定尚无干扰,终点变化比其它指示剂明显,从而解决了钍对指示剂的封闭问题。可用以测定独居石、钍石等矿石中钍和稀土。     

返滴定法测定牛磺酸钙中的钙

测定合成牛磺酸钙 (Ca(NH2 CH2 CH2 SO3) 2 )中的钙含量 ,常采用在 p H1 0的氨 -氯化铵缓冲溶液中用铬黑 T作指示剂、EDTA标准溶液直接滴定的方法。终点附近溶液颜色变化不明显 ,难以判断 ,造成很大的分析误差。试验过程中观察到牛磺酸钙中加入铬黑 T指示剂后经数分钟才逐渐变色。初步推测可能是牛磺酸根对钙离子有一定的配位作用 ,使 EDTA测定钙的稳定常数减小 ,导致滴定突跃范围缩小 ,终点颜色变化不敏锐。为此 ,改用返滴定法。首先加入过量 EDTA标准溶液 ,加热反应后 ,再用过量的 Zn2 +标准溶液滴定剩余的EDTA,终点由蓝色变…     

电流滴定法测定钨

矿石中钨的重量法测定较繁.络合滴定直接法测钨尚不够完善.间接法测定钨是将试液中钨酸根以钙盐、钡盐或铅盐形式析出,然后用EDTA滴定钙、钡或铅,其中以测定后者的结果较好.以化学法指示络合滴定的终点常因金属指示剂选择或滴定条件控制不当,滴定达终点时指示剂变色往往不够清晰,影响滴定精确度.络合滴定可采用安培法(电流滴定)指示终点.     

Method development for the determination of manganese, cobalt and copper in green coffee comparing direct solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry

A method has been developed for the determination of cobalt, copper and manganese in green coffee using direct solid sampling electrothermal atomic absorption spectrometry (SS-ET AAS). The motivation for the study was that only a few elements might be suitable to determine the origin of green coffee so that the multi-element techniques usually applied for this purpose might not be necessary. The three elements have been chosen as test elements as they were found to be significant in previous investigations. A number of botanical certified reference materials (CRM) and pre-analyzed samples of green coffee have been used for method validation, and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometry (ICP OES) after microwave-assisted acid digestion of the samples as reference method. Calibration against aqueous standards could be used for the determination of Mn and Co by SS-ET AAS, but calibration against solid CRM was necessary for the determination of Cu. No significant difference was found between the results obtained with the proposed method and certified or independently determined values. The limits of detection for Mn, Cu and Co were 0.012, 0.006 and 0.004 μg g⁻¹ using SS-ET AAS and 0.015, 0.13 and 0.10 μg g⁻¹ using ICP OES. Seven samples of Brazilian green coffee have been analyzed, and there was no significant difference between the values obtained with SS-ET AAS and ICP OES for Mn and Cu. ICP OES could not be used as a reference method for Co, as essentially all values were below the limit of quantification of this technique.     

Cloud point formation based on mixed micelles in the presence of electrolytes for cobalt extraction and preconcentration

A new micelle-mediated phase separation of metal ions, applied for preconcentrating trace levels of cobalt as a prior step to its determination by flame atomic spectroscopy, has been developed. Two methods were proposed employing both Triton X-100 and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) as a mixed micellar system while the phase separation was induced by HCl or NaCl addition. Cobalt was complexed with pyridylazo compounds (PAN, PAR, 5-Br-PADAP) in an aqueous surfactant medium and it was concentrated in the surfactant rich phase after phase separation. The chemical variables affecting the cloud point extraction were evaluated, optimized and successfully applied to cobalt determination in pharmaceutical samples. Under the optimized conditions, the preconcentration system permitted limits of detection as 1.1 and 1.6 μg l⁻¹ cobalt, respectively, when HCl and NaCl were used. Both proposed methods showed linear calibration within a 25-200 μg l⁻¹ cobalt range. The extraction efficiency was investigated at different cobalt concentrations (40-185 μg l⁻¹) and good recoveries (98-102%) were obtained by using NaCl as electrolyte. The results obtained were compared with those observed with ET AAS.     

Trace determination of cobalt ion by using malic acid-malonic acid double substrate oscillating chemical system

A novel kinetic method for determination of trace amounts of cobalt ion was proposed and validated. The method is based on adding malic acid into classical Belousov-Zhabotinskii （B-Z） oscillating chemical system to form a double substrate one. The results showed that when the concentration of cobalt ion was in the range of 5.27× 10^-8 to 5.37 × 10^-12 mol L^-1, the change of the oscillating period was directly proportional to the negative logarithm of cobalt ion concentration. The sensitivity and precision of the developed method were quite satisfactory. The limit of detection was down to 5.20 × 10^-13 mol L^-1 which was a highest sensitivity found for determination of metal ions using oscillating chemical reaction so far. Some factors influencing the determination were also examined. The method has been successfully used to determine cobalt ion in vitamin B12 injection.     

Potentiometric titration of Co(II) in presence of Co(III)

A potentiometric titration for cobalt(II) determination in the presence of Co(III) based on the oxidation of Co(II) with Na₂CrO₄ in ethylenediamine medium and back-titration of the oxidant excess with (NH₄)₂Fe(SO₄)₂ in acid medium is described. The titration is monitored with a Pt indicator electrode and carried out until the greatest jump of potential from one drop of titrant appears. A RSD smaller than 1.5% has been obtained for 50–300 μmol Co(II). The method proposed was applied in the analysis of a new type electroless copper plating solutions containing Co(II)-ethylenediamine complex compounds as reducing agents. Cu(II), Co(III) and Cr(III) do not interfere in the determination of Co(II).     

Chromotropic acid-functionalized polyurethane foam: A new sorbent for on-line preconcentration and determination of cobalt and nickel in lettuce samples

A chromotropic acid-functionalized polyurethane foam has been developed for use in an on-line preconcentration system for cobalt and nickel determination. The packing material was prepared by covalent coupling of chromotropic acid with the polyurethane foam through an azo group. Co and Ni ions were sorbed in the mini-column, from which they could be eluted directly to the nebulizer-burner system of a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. Elution of cobalt and nickel from the mini-column can be accomplished with 0.50 and 0.75 M HCl solutions, respectively. The enrichment factors obtained were 22 (Co) and 27 (Ni), for 60 s preconcentration time, and 57 (Co) and 59 (Ni), if a preconcentration time of 180 s was used. Under the optimum conditions, the proposed procedure allowed the determination of metals with detection limits of 0.43 (cobalt) and 0.52 microg/L (nickel), respectively, on using preconcentration periods of 180 s. The accuracy of the developed procedure was evaluated by analysis of the certified reference materials NIST 1515 Apple Leaves and NIST 1570a Spinach Leaves. The method was applied to the analysis of lettuce samples. The contents of cobalt in the samples analyzed varied from 0.75 to 0.98 microg/g. Nickel was not detected in the lettuce samples.     

Simultaneous spectrophotometric determination of cobalt,copper and nickel using 1-（2-thiazolylazo）-2-naphthol by chemometrics methods

The simultaneous determination of cobalt, copper and nickel using 1-（2-thiazolylazo）-2-naphthol （first figure of this article） by spectrophotometric method is a difficult problem in analytical chemistry, due to spectral interferences. By multivariate calibration methods, such as partial least squares （PLS） regression, it is possible to obtain a model adjusted to the concentration values of the mixtures used in the calibration range. Orthogonal signal correction （OSC） is a preprocessing technique used for removing the information unrelated to the target variables based on constrained principal component analysis. OSC is a suitable preprocessing method for PLS calibration of mixtures without loss of prediction capacity using spectrophotometric method. In this study, the calibration model is based on absorption spectra in the 550-750-nm range for 21 different mixtures of cobalt, copper and nickel. Calibration matrices were formed from samples containing 0.05-1.05, 0.05-1.30 and 0.05-0.80 μg·mL^-1 for cobalt, copper and nickel, respectively. The root mean square error of prediction （RMSEP） for cobalt, copper and nickel with OSC and without OSC were 0.007, 0.008, 0.011 and 0.031,0.037, 0.032 μg· mL^-1, respectively. This procedure allows the simultaneous determination of cobalt, copper and nickel in synthetic and real samples and good reliability of the determination was proved.     

On-line preconcentration and determination of cobalt by chelating microcolumns and flow injection atomic spectrometry

A simple and sensitive flow injection analysis-atomic absorption spectrometric procedure is described for the determination of cobalt. The method is based upon on-line preconcentration of cobalt on a microcolumn of 2-nitroso-1-naphthol immobilized on surfactant coated alumina. The trapped cobalt is then eluted with ethanol (250 μl) and determined by flame atomic absorption spectrometry. The analytical figures of merit for the determination of cobalt are as follows: detection limit (3 S), 0.02 ng ml⁻¹; precision (RSD), 2.8% for 20 ng ml⁻¹ and 1.7% for 70 ng ml⁻¹ of cobalt; enrichment factor, 125 (using 25 ml of sample). The method has been applied to the determination of cobalt in water samples, vitamin B₁₂ and B-complex ampoules and accuracy was assessed through recovery experiment and independent analysis by furnace AAS.     

Spectrophotometric determination of boron in cobalt and nickel coatings by means of carminic acid

A method is proposed for the determination of boron in cobalt and nickel coatings deposited from borane-type baths. The deposit is dissolved in hydrochloric acid in the presence of platinum chloride as catalyst, potassium chloride and mannitol are added, and the solution is evaporated to dryness. Boron is then distilled as methyl borate into sodium hydroxide solution, the distillate is evaporated to dryness, and the boron is determined spectrophotometrically with carminic acid. The mannoitol prevents volatilization of boron during the evaporation. Evaporating the hydrochloric acid solution to dryness eliminates excess of acid and water, both of which cause incomplete recovery of boron in the distillation. The potassium, cobalt, and nickel chlorides left after the evaporation dissolve in the hot methanol during the distillation and do not interfere.     

Multielemental characterisation of cobalt by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometry

Multielemental determination and the assessment of purity of cobalt metal used in the preparation of Ni-based super-alloys have been carried out by glow discharge quadrupole mass spectrometry (GD-QMS). Relative sensitivity factors (RSF) generated from certified iron matrix reference samples (NIST 663 and 664 low alloy steel pin standards) could be used for the determination of different trace element constituents of the sample. Different wet chemical procedures were also carried out for the determination of the trace constituents in the sample. The GD-QMS results are in reasonably good agreement with those obtained from wet chemical procedures, validating the use of the RSF values generated on low alloy steel standards for the computation of trace element concentrations in cobalt metal. A variety of molecular ions formed through the reaction of cobalt (matrix) with the discharge gas (argon) were also detected.