基于Curvelet变换和全变差的图像去噪方法

Curvelet变换用于图像去噪可以较好地保留图像的细节信息,但在边缘处会产生"划痕"现象.采用全变差法进行去噪能保持边缘形状不变,但也会丢失图像的纹理等细节信息.为了充分利用两种方法的优点,将Curvelet变换和全变差相结合提出了一种有效的图像去噪方法.首先,对含噪图像分别进行Curvelet阈值去噪和全变差去噪.然后,将两幅去噪图像进行Curvelet融合,对于低频系数和高频系数分别采用加权平均和绝对值取大的融合算法.最后,将融合后的低频系数和各尺度高频系数进行Curvelet反变换得到融合后的去噪图像.实验表明,该方法能有效地降低图像噪声,又尽可能地保留图像的细节,其去噪效果明显优于单一Curvelet阈值法和全变差法.     

利用核模糊聚类和正则化的图像稀疏去噪

针对目前图像去噪方法噪音抑制不彻底、容易模糊细节等问题,提出了一种利用核模糊C均值聚类和正则化的图像稀疏去噪方法.该方法首先将图像分成大小相同的若干块,并采用核模糊C均值聚类算法对相似的图像块进行聚类,从而保证同一类图像块共享相同的稀疏去噪模型;然后,选择由经典图像库中图像训练而得的全局字典作为初始字典,很好地适应图像的多种特征;接着,对于同一类图像块,通过施加1/2范数正则化约束,实现该类图像块在字典下的稀疏分解,确保分解系数更为稀疏;最后,通过改进的K-奇异值分解算法完成字典的更新,并选择与原稀疏模型差异最大的图像块来替换更新字典的冗余原子,从而有效地去除图像噪音.实验结果表明,与小波扩散去噪法、固定字典去噪法、最优方向去噪法、K-奇异值分解去噪法相比,该方法能更有效地去除图像噪音,保留图像细节,改善图像视觉效果.     

稀疏计算层析成像重构中迭代去噪方法的分析

研究了稀疏计算层析成像重构中的迭代去噪模型及其求解算法,理论推导及模拟实验验证了代数重构技术的抑噪能力.根据稀疏计算层析成像成像过程的噪音特征,提出了基于欧氏范数不等式约束和基于无穷范数不等式约束的去噪模型.提出了基于凸集投影方法求解去噪模型的算法,并给出了算法推导过程.结果表明:欧氏范数去噪模型优于无穷范数去噪模型,代数重构技术具有抑制噪音的作用.     

一种双正则项全变差高光谱图像去噪算法

受传感器特性影响,高光谱图像中的噪声在各个维度都有体现。噪声的存在降低了高光谱图像中信息的有效性,在进行地物分类前必须采用适当的算法对噪声予以去除。文章针对高光谱图像的噪声特性,提出了一种基于全变差的高光谱图像去噪算法。该算法将经典二维图像全变差去噪模型推广至三维形式,提出了采用双正则项及相应的调整参数的目标函数,在三维空间中完成新目标函数的离散化,并采用基于优化-最小化算法的迭代方法对目标函数进行优化与求解。对星载Hyperion成像光谱仪数据的实验表明,适当的设置调整参数,该方法可很好地提高高光谱图像的各波段信噪比、平滑光谱曲线并保留细节特征,其去噪效果优于经典的MNF去噪算法及Savitzky-Golay滤波方法。     

基于混沌粒子群优化的图像Contourlet阈值去噪

提出了基于混沌粒子群优化的图像Contourlet阈值去噪方法.该方法在Contourlet变换域内利用混沌粒子群算法来确定最优阈值,再通过软阈值函数去噪,且不需要噪音方差等先验信息.实验结果表明:该方法与小波Bayeshrink阈值、基于粒子群的小波阈值、Contourlet自适应阈值等去噪方法相比,能有效地去除高斯白噪音和椒盐噪音的混合噪音,提高峰值信噪比,并较好地保留图像的细节和纹理,从而明显地改善了图像的视觉效果.     

基于混沌粒子群优化的图像Contourlet阈值去噪

提出了基于混沌粒子群优化的图像Contourlet阈值去噪方法.该方法在Contourlet变换域内利用混沌粒子群算法来确定最优阈值,再通过软阈值函数去噪,且不需要噪音方差等先验信息.实验结果表明：该方法与小波Bayeshrink阈值、基于粒子群的小波阈值、Contourlet自适应阈值等去噪方法相比,能有效地去除高斯白噪音和椒盐噪音的混合噪音,提高峰值信噪比,并较好地保留图像的细节和纹理,从而明显地改善了图像的视觉效果.     

小波域高斯混合模型与中值滤波的混合图像去噪研究

基于高斯混合模型的小波去噪方法并结合中值滤波法对脉冲噪音有较好滤除效果的特点,将这两种方法结合起来,对含有高斯脉冲混合噪音图像进行去噪处理.该算法采用Matlab语言进行仿真.实验结果表明,这种混合去噪方法的效果要优于单纯使用中值滤波或者小波去噪的效果.     

基于退化转换及可分离全变差模型的图像修复

空域重叠的模糊和噪声引起图像退化,修复通常比较复杂。为简化图像修复,提高修复质量,提出利用二阶逼近算子将传统图像修复中既含噪声又含模糊的双退化模型转化为只含"动态噪声"的单退化模型。在传统全变差模型的基础上,提出了一种利用低维差分投影的思想,建立元素可分离的全变差模型,利用一阶梯度下降算法解决"动态噪声"问题。仿真结果表明,该方法适用于多种退化模型,即使在强退化环境下,依然可以有效地去除噪声和模糊,保留图像边缘和细节信息,使退化图像恢复到较理想的状态。     

基于双边滤波算子的医学脊椎去噪

为了有效滤除医学脊椎模型的噪声点,同时更好地保持模型细节,提出了一种基于双边滤波算子的医学脊椎去噪模型.采用双边滤波在多尺度条件下进行脊椎三维模型轮廓线的提取,设计改进自适应扩散系数,以更好的优化控制整个扩散过程.根据图像的离散特征,建立相应的离散迭代方程,使迭代过程离散化,并设计迭代停止准则,当去噪平滑后的图像模型与噪声相关性最小时停止迭代.与经典的向异性扩散模型方法实验结果相比,本方法在解决去噪方面达到了很好的滤波效果,同时也较好地保持了医学图像的边缘细节特征,大大优于传统滤波算法.     

近场光学扫描显微镜图像的噪音处理

在近场光学扫描显微镜及其它一些以扫描方式成像的系统中,由于图像是逐行扫描而成,因此扫描图像行与行之间存在较大的噪音.针对这种情况及相应的含噪近场光学图像模型,并结合对近场光学扫描图像及其行噪音特点的分析,提出了根据图像行间相关性寻找行噪音补偿因子.同时考虑图像背景波动性选择噪音补偿因子,以此进行行噪音的消除.在此基础上,利用小波变换进一步处理,消除随机起伏噪音.实验结果表明,本方法可以快速有效地去除扫描图像行噪音,且适用于各类扫描图像的处理.     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.