FeCl3催化2-(1-丙炔基)-2’-乙酰基联苯环化反应的机理研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法研究了2-(1-丙炔基)-2’-乙酰基联苯分子内环化生成菲衍生物的反应机理。结果表明,该反应在无催化剂和FeCl3催化下均能通过四元环和八元环路径生成产物,其相应的决速步骤分别为四元环和八元环的生成过程。在无催化剂时,四元环路径和八元环路径的决速步骤的能垒相差仅6.8kJ·mol-1,两条路径为竞争反应。在FeCl3催化下,四元环路径决速步骤的能垒为137.52 kJ·mol-1,比八元环路径的低57.4 kJ·mol-1,为优势反应路径。该能垒比没有催化剂时低114.23 kJ·mol-1,表明FeCl3对于该反应具有强的催化作用,能够有效地提高反应速率,使反应在温和的条件下进行。     

1-(2,6-二溴-4-硝基苯)-3-(4-硝基苯)-三氮烯与锌的显色反应研究

研究了 1- (2 ,6-二溴 - 4 -硝基苯 ) - 3- (4 -硝基苯 ) -三氮烯 (DBNPNPT)与锌的显色反应。在表面活性剂Triton X- 10 0的存在下 ,p H=9.0— 11.0的 Na2 B4 O7- Na OH介质中 ,DBNPNPT与锌 ( )可生成橙黄色络合物。建立以 5 35 nm为参比波长 ,4 4 0 nm为测定波长的双峰双波长测定法 ,该络合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为 1.34× 10 5L· mol-1· cm-1。对葡萄糖酸锌中的锌直接测定 ,结果令人满意     

FeCl3催化2-(1-丙炔基)-2’-乙酰基联苯环化反应的机理研究

采用密度泛函理论的B3LYP方法研究了2-(1-丙炔基)-2’-乙酰基联苯分子内环化生成菲衍生物的反应机理。结果表明,该反应在无催化剂和FeCl3催化下均能通过四元环和八元环路径生成产物,其相应的决速步骤分别为四元环和八元环的生成过程。在无催化剂时,四元环路径和八元环路径的决速步骤的能垒相差仅6.8kJ·mol-1,两条路径为竞争反应。在FeCl3催化下,四元环路径决速步骤的能垒为137.52 kJ·mol-1,比八元环路径的低57.4 kJ·mol-1,为优势反应路径。该能垒比没有催化剂时低114.23 kJ·mol-1,表明FeCl3对于该反应具有强的催化作用,能够有效地提高反应速率,使反应在温和的条件下进行。     

分光光度法测定水中的痕量镍

研究了在非离子表面活性剂 Triton X- 10 0存在下 ,在 p H 10 .5的 Na2 B4 O7- Na OH介质中 ,镍 ( )与显色剂 1- ( 4 -硝基苯 ) - 3- ( 2 -吡啶 ) -三氮烯 ( NPPy T)发生灵敏的显色反应 ,生成 1∶ 2的络合物 ,摩尔吸光系数ε=1.0 2× 10 5L· mol-1· cm-1,在 0— 2 0μg/ 2 5 m L范围内服从比耳定律。方法应用于水中微量镍的测定 ,结果令人满意     

室温固相反应制备纳米四水磷酸锌的热化学研究

以Na3PO4·12H2O和ZnSO4·7H2O为原料,采用室温固相反应制备纳米四水磷酸锌,用微量热法研究该反应的反应焓和四水磷酸锌的标准摩尔生成焓.根据Hess定律,设计了一个新的热化学循环:以4mol/LHCl溶液为量热溶剂,用RD496微热量计于298.15K测定了反应物与产物在量热溶剂中的溶解焓分别为(-47.180±0.084)和(-7.617±0.096)kJ/mol,同时测定两种溶液的紫外光谱、折光率和电导率.两种溶液的紫外吸收曲线重叠,稀释500倍后的电导率值分别是2180、2181μS/cm,折光率值分别是1.3679、1.3678.计算出该固相反应的反应焓为-39.530kJ/mol,同时得到纳米四水磷酸锌的标准摩尔生成焓,推荐其值为-4354.004kJ/mol.     

PdH、YH体系的结构与氢化反应的平衡压力

用相对论有效原子实势(RECP/SDD)和密度泛函(B3LYP)方法对PdH、YH体系的结构进行了优化,同时用Murrell-Sorbie函数导出PdH、YH分子的势能函数和光谱常数;得到PdH分子的基态为X2∑+,RPdH=0.154 1 nm,离解能De=2.511 eV,谐振频率ωe=2 019.458 9 cm-1;YH分子的基态为X1∑+,RYH=0.191 9 nm,离解能De=4.308 eV,谐振频率ωe=1 497.531 2 cm-1;并得到一键长为0.200 3nm,De=3.488 eV,ωe=1 309.318 2 cm-1的YH分子激发态.并根据以分子总能量中的振动能Ev代替固态能量,以电子和振动熵SEv代替固态熵的近似方法,计算了不同温度下Pd、Y与H2、D2、T2反应的一氢化物热力学函数△Hθ、△Gθ、△Sθ及氢化反应平衡压力,导出了与温度的依赖关系,结果表明:PdH(S)的生成焓为32.05kJ·md-1,与实验值37.30kJ·mol-1接近,YH(S)的生成焓为70.21 kJ·mol-1.     

5-(4-氯苯基偶氮)-8-苯磺酰氨基喹啉分光光度法测定微量镍(Ⅱ)

在 p H10 .5的 Na2 B4O7- Na OH介质及 CS(NH2 ) 2 、氯化十六烷基吡啶 (CPC)存在时 ,室温下镍 ( )与5 - (4 -氯苯基偶氮 ) - 8-苯磺酰氨基喹啉 (CPBSQ)反应 ,生成络合比为 1∶ 4的有色络合物 ,其最大吸收波长位于 6 0 0 nm。研究了反应的最佳条件 ,建立了一个测定 Ni( )的光度分析新方法。 Ni( )的浓度在 0—10 .0 μg/2 5 m L范围内符合比耳定律 ,其摩尔吸光系数为 1.93× 10 5L· mol-1·cm-1。考察了 2 0多种共存离子的影响 ,大多数常见离子在氨水沉淀分离后不干扰测定。方法用于合金钢中镍的测定 ,其相对标准偏差为 1.9%— 2 .1% ,标准加入回收率为 97%— 10 4 %。     

新试剂2-羧基-5-硝基苯基重氮氨基-4-苯基-2-噻唑光度法测定微量铜的研究

本文研究了新试剂 2 -羧基 - 5 -硝基苯基重氮氨基 - 4 -苯基 - 2 -噻唑 ( CNPDAPT)在 Triton X- 1 0 0的存在下 ,与铜显色反应的适宜条件。结果表明在 p H1 0 .0的 Na2 B4O7- Na OH缓冲介质中 ,铜与试剂形成 1∶ 1红色配合物 ,其最大吸收波长位于 5 1 5 nm,表观摩尔吸光系数 ε=4.5 9× 1 0 4 L· mol- 1· cm- 1 ,铜量在0 - 2 0 μg/ 2 5 m L范围内遵守比耳定律。方法用于水样中微量铜的测定 ,结果满意。     

二氧化碳热力学性质的理论计算

用HF、MP2、QCISD和B3LYP四种方法,在6-311G* *基集合水平上对气态CO2(X1Σg)分子全优化,可直接得到热力学性质熵S和定压热容CP,在这四种方法中,B3LYP方法算得的结果与实验值最吻合,其相对误差分别只有0.00%和-0.15%;CO2分子的生成焓包含电子焓(为-393.31 kJ.mol-1)和核部分焓(为1.653 kJ.mol-1)两部分,其生成焓相对误差为0.37%.结果表明,所用理论方法计算气态CO2分子在1atm下的热力学性质是可行的.     

2-[(5-溴-2-吡啶)-偶氮]-5-二乙氨基苯酚分光光度法测定岩石中微量铌

在酒石酸介质中 ,铌 (V)与 5- Br- PADAP生成兰紫色的三元络合物 ,最大吸收波长为 6 0 0 nm,络合物的表观摩尔吸光系数为 5.7× 10 4 L·mol-1· cm-1,Nb2 O5含量在 0— 2 0 μg/2 5m L范围内符合比耳定律。有色络合物稳定 3天以上。本法简便 ,快速 ,用于岩石中微量铌的测定 ,结果令人满意。     

硝酸羟胺-(H_2O)_n复合物氢键相互作用的密度泛函研究

为研究硝酸羟胺-(H_2O)_n复合物的氢键作用,采用密度泛函B3LYP方法在6-311++G(d, p)基组水平上对硝酸羟胺-(H_2O)_n复合物的结构进行优化,采用MP2/6-311++G(d, p)方法,经基组叠加误差和零点能校正计算得到复合物的相互作用能.利用自然键轨道分析方法研究复合物氢键作用的本质,并对复合物中水分子的振动光谱进行分析.计算结果表明,硝酸羟胺-(H_2O)_n复合物存在着6个硝酸羟胺-H_2O稳定构型和8个硝酸羟胺-(H_2O)_2稳定构型,且最稳定构型的相互作用能分别为52.821 kJ·mol~(-1)和73.349 kJ·mol~(-1).在硝酸羟胺-(H_2O)_n复合物中,水中H-O伸缩振动频率明显红移,且红移增大的程度与复合物稳定化能的变化趋势基本一致.     

Crystal structure and thermochemical properties of phase change materials bis(1-octylammonium) tetrachlorochromate

A new crystalline complex (C₈H₁₇NH₃)₂CdCl₄(s) (abbreviated as C₈Cd(s)) is synthesized by liquid phase reaction. The crystal structure and composition of the complex are determined by single crystal X-ray diffraction, chemical analysis, and elementary analysis. It is triclinic, the space group is P-1 and Z = 2. The lattice potential energy of the title complex is calculated to be U_POT (C₈Cd(s))=978.83 kJ·mol^-1 from crystallographic data. Low-temperature heat capacities of the complex are measured by a precision automatic adiabatic calorimeter over a temperature range from 78 K to 384 K. The temperature, molar enthalpy, and entropy of the phase transition for the complex are determined to be 307.3± 0.15 K, 10.15± 0.23 kJ·mol^-1, and 33.05± 0.78 J·K^-1·mol^-1 respectively for the endothermic peak. Two polynomial equations of the heat capacities each as a function of temperature are fitted by the least-square method. Smoothed heat capacity and thermodynamic functions of the complex are calculated based on the fitted polynomials.     

Mass spectrometric and ab initio study of the interaction between 9-methylguanine and amino acid amide group

The temperature dependent field ionization mass spectrometry method combined with ab initio calculations was used to determine the interaction energies and the structures of 9-methylguanine-acrylamide dimers. Acrylamide mimics the side chain amide group of the natural amino acids asparagine and glutamine. The experimental enthalpy of the dimer formation derived from the van't Hoff plot is ?59.5 ± 3.8 kJ mol^?1. The value is higher than interaction energies between acrylamide and other nucleic acid bases which were determined to be ?57.0 for 1-methylcytosine, ?52.0 for 9-methyladenine, and ?40.6 kJ mol^?1 for 1-methyl-uracil. In total, eight hydrogen bonded dimers formed by the three lowest energy 9-methylguanine tautomers and acrylamide were found in the quantum chemical calculations performed at the DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G?? and MP2/6-31++G?? levels of theory. The relative stability and the interaction energies of the dimers were calculated accounting for the basis set superposition error and the zero-point vibrational energy correction. The lowest energy dimer found in the calculations is formed by acrylamide (Ac) with the keto tautomer of 9-methylguanine (Gk). It is stabilized by two intermolecular H bonds, C6=O(Gk) · · · H—N(Ac) and Nl—H(Gk) · · ·O(Ac), and it is more stable than the second lowest energy dimer by ≈ 25 kJ mol^?1. The calculated interaction energies of the lowest energy 9-methylguanine-acrylamide dimer are ?65.0 kJ mol^?1 and ?67.7 kJ mol^?1 at the MP2 and DFT levels of theory, respectively. The experimental enthalpy of the dimer formation is in good agreement with both the calculated interaction energies of the GkAc dimer and much higher than the interaction energies calculated for all other 9-methylguanine-acrylamide dimers. This proved that only one dimer was present in the experimental samples. To verify whether acrylamide is a good model of the amino acid-amide group, we performed direct calculations of the 9-methylguanine-glutamine dimers at the same levels of theory as used for the complexes involving acrylamide. The interaction energies found for the lowest energy 9-methylguanine-glutamine dimer are ?65.1 kJ mon^?1 (MP2/6-31++G??) and ?66.2 kJ mol^?1 (DFT/B3LYP/6-31++G??) and these values are very close (within 0.5 kJ mol^?1) to the interaction energies obtained for the 9-methylguanine-acrylamide dimers.     

HP-β-CD消除SDS对SDBS同步荧光光谱的影响

十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDBS)与十二烷基苯磺酸钠(SDS)之间的相互作用,能对SDBS的检测产生明显干扰。实验结果表明,在水溶液中SDS不仅可以增大SDBS的同步荧光强度,还能显著降低SDBS的表观临界胶束浓度。按SDBS的摩尔计量比加入1∶1的羟丙基-β-环糊精(HP-β-CD),可以消除SDS对SDBS的同步荧光强度的干扰。相比于形成胶束,在SDS/SDBS水溶液中,SDBS单体优先选择与HP-β-CD形成量比1∶1的包结物。当水溶液中HP-β-CD的浓度由0增加至0.900 mmol·L~(-1)时,复配体系中SDBS形成胶束的标准摩尔吉布斯函变ΔγGθm由-39.681 k J·mol-1增加至-37.580 k J·mol~(-1)。加入适量HP-β-CD后,能够准确检测SDS/SDBS水溶液中SDBS的含量(临盘采油厂T5站地层水样),方法的回收率为101.0%~101.6%。FT-IR及1H-NMR分析表明,SDBS分子进入HP-β-CD分子内腔的大口径端并形成量比1∶1的包结物,是消除SDS对SDBS检测干扰的根本原因。     

Crystal structure and thermodynamic properties of phase change material bis(1-dodecylammonium) tetrachlorochromate (C12H25NH3)2CdCl4(s)

A novel complex bis(1-dodecylammonium) tetrachlorochromate (C₁₂H₂₅NH₃)₂CdCl₄(s) (abbreviated as C₁₂Cd(s)) was synthesized by liquid phase reaction. Crystal structure and composition of the complex were determined by X-ray crystallography, chemical analysis, and elemental analysis. It is triclinic, the space group is P?1 and Z = 2. Lattice potential energy (LPE) of the complex was calculated to be kJ·mol^?1 from crystallographic data. Low-temperature heat capacities were measured by a precise automatic adiabatic calorimeter over the temperature range from 78 to 370 K. The temperature, molar enthalpy, and entropy of the phase transition of the complex were determined to be 331.88 ± 0.02 K, 55.79 ± 0.46 kJ·mol^?1, and 168.10 ± 1.38 J·K^?1·mol^?1, respectively. Two polynomial equations of the heat capacities as a function of temperature were fitted by least-square method. Smoothed heat capacities and thermodynamic functions of the complex were calculated.     

Lattice potential energy and standard molar enthalpy in the formation of 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide (1-C12H25NH3 ·Br)（s）

This paper reports that 1-dodecylamine hydrobromide (1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃·Br)(s) has been synthesized using the liquid phase reaction method. The lattice potential energy of the compound 1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃·Br and the ionic volume and radius of the 1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃⁺ cation are obtained from the crystallographic data and other auxiliary thermodynamic data. The constant-volume energy of combustion of 1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃·Br(s) is measured to be Δ_c U_m^o(1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃·Br, s) =--(7369.03±3.28) kJ·mol^-1 by means of an RBC-II precision rotating-bomb combustion calorimeter at T=(298.15±0.001) K. The standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the compound is derived to be Δ_c H_m^o(1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃·Br, s)=--(7384.52±3.28) kJ·mol ^{- 1} from the constant-volume energy of combustion. The standard molar enthalpy of formation of the compound is calculated to be Δ_f H_m^o(1--C₁₂H₂₅NH₃·Br, s)=--(1317.86±3.67) kJ·mol^-1 from the standard molar enthalpy of combustion of the title compound and other auxiliary thermodynamic quantities through a thermochemical cycle.     

Standard molar enthalpies of formation of dimethylbenzophenones

The standard (p⁰ = 0.1 MPa) molar enthalpy of formation of 3,4‐dimethylbenzophenone was derived from the standard molar energy of combustion, in oxygen, at T = 298.15 K, measured by static bomb combustion calorimetry. The Calvet high temperature vacuum sublimation technique was used to measure the enthalpy of sublimation of the compound. From these experimental parameters, the standard molar enthalpy of formation of 3,4‐dimethylbenzophenone, in the gaseous phase and at T = 298.15 K, was derived as ?(17.1 ± 2.9) kJ mol^?1. Density functional theory was used to investigate the gas‐phase molecular energetics of the 12 dimethylbenzophenones. Molecular geometries and vibrational frequencies were computed at the B3LYP/6‐31G(d) level of theory. The larger 6‐311+G(2d,2p) basis set was used to compute the energy of all dimethylbenzophenones and of the other compounds that were considered for the estimation of the standard molar enthalpies of formation at T = 298.15 K. The calculations show that the 2,2′‐ and 4,4′‐dimethylbenzophenones are the least and most stable isomers, respectively. Finally, the calculated enthalpy of formation of the benzophenone that was also studied experimentally, 3,4‐dimethylbenzophenone, is ?16.7 kJ mol^?1, which is in excellent agreement with the experimental result. Copyright © 2008 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Bestimmung von Oszillatorenstärken durch Lebensdauermessungen der ersten angeregten Niveaus für die Elemente Ba,Sr, Ca,In und Na

The lifetimes of the first excited state of the elements Ca, Sr, Ba, In and Na were measured with the method ofOsberghaus ¹. Oscillator strengthes (f) of resonance lines were computed from the measured lifetimes (τ). The measurements were corrected for imprisonment of radiation in the investigated vapor. The error of the τ-values was estimated to be approximately three percent. We got following resultslifetimes for Ca 4¹ P ₁ (4·67±0·11)·10^?9sec, for Sr 5¹ p ₁ (4·56±0·21)·10^?9 sec, for Ba 6¹ p ₁ (8·36±0·25)·10^?9sec, for In 6² S _1/2 (8·531±0·085)·10^?9sec and for Na 3² P-dublett (1·59±0·039)·10^?8sec. For the Na 3² P-dublett the dependency of the lifetime on the pressure of foreign gases (N₂, C₃H₈, C₆H₅?CH₃) was studied.     

克里奇中间体CH2OO与CF3CF=CF2反应的动力学研究

本文使用OH激光诱导荧光方法研究了结构最简单的克里奇中间体CH₂OO和CF₃CF=CF₂的反应动力学. 在压强为10 Torr条件下,测量了温度在283,298,308和318 K的反应速率常数,分别为(1.45±0.14)×10^-13,(1.18±0.11)×10^-13,(1.11±0.08)×10^-13和(1.04±0.08)×10^-13 cm³·molecule^-1·s^-1. 根据阿伦尼乌斯方程,获得该反应的活化能为(-1.66±0.21) kcal/mol. 在6.3∽70 torr压力范围内,未观察到该反应的速率常数存在压力相关.     

多光谱技术结合分子模拟研究头孢唑林和头孢曲松与人血清白蛋白的相互作用

头孢唑林(CFZ)属第一代β-内酰胺类半合成头孢菌素,对革兰氏阳性菌和革兰氏阴性菌均有较强的抗菌作用。头孢曲松(CRO)属第三代β-内酰胺类广谱抗生素,对敏感致病菌导致的疾病及手术后期感染预防有一定作用。人血清白蛋白(HSA)作为生物体内循环系统中含量最丰富的蛋白质,可以与多种内源性和外源性化合物可逆性结合,起到储存和转运的作用。因此,研究CFZ和CRO与HSA的相互作用对了解CFZ和CRO的药代动力学行为具有重要意义。在模拟生理条件下,采用多种光谱法和分子对接技术研究CFZ和CRO与HSA的相互作用。结果表明,在298和310 K条件下,CFZ和CRO与HSA分别形成复合物导致内源荧光猝灭,猝灭机制均为静态猝灭。在消除内滤光影响下,HSA-CFZ和HSA-CRO体系的猝灭常数(K_SV)和结合常数(K_a)均随着温度的升高而降低,结合位点数约为1。根据Fster能量转移定律,CFZ和CRO与HSA结合距离分别为2.41和1.40 nm。希尔系数(n_H)值小于1,表明CFZ和CRO分别与HSA结合后存在药物间负协同作用。热力学参数(ΔH_HSA-CFZ=-22.67 kJ·mol-1, ΔH_HSA-CRO=-39.56 kJ·mol-1, ΔS_HSA-CFZ=-4.90 J·mol-1·K-1, ΔS_HSA-CRO=-37.28 J·mol-1·K-1) 揭示,CFZ和CRO能自发地通过氢键和范德华力与HSA相结合。三维荧光光谱和圆二色谱法(CD)显示CFZ和CRO使HSA的微环境和构象发生改变。分子对接技术显示CFZ和CRO均结合在HSA的site Ⅰ结合位点上,与取代实验结果一致。本研究有助于了解CFZ和CRO在机体内的作用机制及对HSA结构和功能的影响。