嵌入式三维数字成像系统

提出一种基于数字信号处理器(DSP)的嵌入式三维数字成像系统设计方案。该方案的硬件平台由条纹投影模块、数据采集模块、条纹自动分析模块及储存器等其他辅助电路组成。条纹投影模块将DSP输出的正弦光栅条纹, 经视频编码后用DLP投射到物体表面; 数据采集模块通过CCD相机采集被物体表面三维信息调制后的变形条纹图, 并进行视频解码; 条纹自动分析模块中利用相移算法计算折叠相位, 再结合相位展开算法求绝对相位分布。系统软件采用多线程技术并行控制三个模块。在相位解调过程中以软件流水线为主综合运用了循环展开、数据预取和内联函数等多种方法优化解调程序。实验结果表明, 该系统可以高速、准确地实现三维轮廓测量,优化后相位展开程序速度是优化前的7倍。     

基于点阵投影的彩色复合光栅傅里叶变换轮廓术

传统傅里叶变换轮廓术(FTP)采用单一频率条纹测量时存在着由于待测物体高度变化剧烈导致的相位展开困难。结合数字点阵和正弦条纹投影的复合编码三维数字成像方法能有效解决相位模糊和误差传播的问题,但在实际测量中需要分别采集点阵图像和正弦条纹图像,影响了测量的实时性。提出一种新型彩色复合光栅测量方法,实现了从一帧图像中分别得到点阵图像和正弦条纹图像,并以点阵图像为依据对正弦条纹图的截断相位进行展开。理论分析和实验结果表明,该方法适合于不连续物体的三维测量,同时抑制误差传播能力强,具有较高的测量效率。     

基于液晶显示投影技术的数字影栅云纹相移实现方法

影栅云纹是物体离面变形和表面形貌测量常用的一种比较简单的方法,用单纯的影栅云纹法即便在最好的光学系统配置情况下测量精度也只有1~100μm左右,在影栅云纹测试方法中引进相移技术是提高测量精度的主要手段。采用液晶投影仪和数字图像处理技术实现数字影栅云纹测量的准确数字相移,避免了在影栅云纹法中使用结构比较复杂或特制的相移机构。由计算机产生相移条纹图经液晶显示投影,应用实时图像灰度算术相减技术得到数字相移影栅云纹条纹图。该方法具有“基准栅”的栅距和相移步长实时可调,配置高速图像采集系统和图像后处理软件,可将相移技术引入动态测量中,从而提高动态测量的精度的优点。最后的悬臂梁实验结果证实了该方法的有效性。     

基于数字彩色结构光投影的唇动三维测量

提出了基于数字彩色结构光投影的动态三维测量轮廓术,用于人在讲话过程中嘴唇的三维测量。介绍了彩色编码轮廓术的基本原理,再通过分色和条纹细化处理,实现了对动态不连续嘴唇的测量。实验验证了测量方案的有效性。     

真实场景的三维视频采集及显示

提出了一种真实场景三维视频采集及彩色显示的方法.设计了一种采用条纹投影的实时三维成像系统及采用液晶空间光调制器的实时全息彩色三维显示系统.在三维成像系统中采用π相移正弦条纹与编码图案结合实现绝对相位测量,从而可以测量孤立物体.同时对采用数字微镜的投影仪进行改造,实现高速投影,并与高速摄像机配合实现三维视频采集.首先利用...     

数字投影仪性能最大化计算莫尔轮廓术

提出一种数字投影仪性能最大化计算莫尔轮廓术。为了满足动态测量的需要,利用数字投影仪的最大化刷新帧率和最高条纹频率设计,将二元编码条纹代替传统的8 bit数值正弦条纹使投影仪刷新率由传统60 Hz提高到数千Hz以上。通过编码满足抽样定理的最小周期二元条纹,利用数字投影仪的最优投影帧率性能,即可以在数字投影仪上实现投影条纹的最小等效波长,也可以实现计算莫尔条纹的优化提纯,进而从源头上有效提高计算莫尔轮廓术（CGMP）的测量精度。通过与傅里叶变换轮廓术（FTP）和高精度计算莫尔轮廓术（HCGMP）的对比实验验证了该方法的可行性和有效性,表明所提方法具有较高的测量精度,通过在线运动“心型”物体的测量表明所提方法可以满足在线和动态三维测量需要。     

基于互补色编码条纹投影的三维形貌测量方法

针对彩色编码条纹投影轮廓术中,被测物体表面颜色易与投影条纹颜色发生干扰的问题,提出了一种新的基于互补色编码条纹投影的三维测量方法.先后向被测物体投影一幅主彩色编码正弦条纹图和一幅与前者包含的彩色编码条纹颜色互为补色的彩色条纹图.利用两者颜色互补的特点,判断两幅图像中对应像素点的颜色状态来确定其在主彩色编码正弦条纹图中所...     

莫尔条纹分析在数字全息存储器中的应用

针对像素不匹配的数字全息存储器中出现的莫尔条纹现象,提出了利用莫尔条纹进行全息存储光路精确调整来实现像素匹配的方法.通过对CCD像面图像中莫尔条纹的周期和角度进行分析,得到光学系统需要的精确调整参数.实验中,实现了空间光调制器和光电耦合器阵列512×512像素的1:1像素匹配,该方法能提高读取速度并降低误码率.     

莫尔条纹分析在数字全息存储器中的应用

针对像素不匹配的数字全息存储器中出现的莫尔条纹现象,提出了利用莫尔条纹进行全息存储光路精确调整来实现像素匹配的方法.通过对CCD像面图像中莫尔条纹的周期和角度进行分析,得到光学系统需要的精确调整参数.实验中, 实现了空间光调制器和光电耦合器阵列512×512像素的1∶1像素匹配,该方法能提高读取速度并降低误码率.     

数字激光散斑照相技术测金属杨氏模量

介绍了利用数字激光散斑照相技术测量了金属细丝的杨氏模量的方法.该方法将激光散斑随着金属丝的伸长而变化的过程用数字记录设备(CCD)拍摄下来,通过计算机程序对采集到的图像进行处理,并获得2张激光散斑图的干涉条纹,从而得到金属细丝伸长量并计算出相应的杨氏模量.该技术能够实现金属材料杨氏模量的自动测量,保证了测量过程的快速稳定,提高了测量精确度.     

基于正弦和三角波条纹投影的三维测量方法

在现有的针对复杂物体表面形貌的三维测量方法中, 为了完成绝对相位的测量, 通常需要处理至少6幅条纹图像, 限制了测量速度。提出了采用2幅正弦条纹和2幅三角波条纹图来获得物体三维形貌的方法。利用两步相移正弦条纹和两步相移三角条纹得到截断相位, 再利用两步相移三角波条纹得到条纹级次, 减少了投影条纹幅数, 提高测量速度。在得到条纹级次时, 计算三角波条纹强度调制和强度对比度, 与计算相位相比, 可以减少数据处理的时间, 进一步提高测量速度, 同时能减小物体表面反射率的影响, 提高了测量精度。测量最大高度为39 mm的阶梯状标准块, 得到的最大绝对误差和最大的RMS误差分别为0.045 mm和0.041 mm。验证了该方法的有效性和实用性, 在高速实时的复杂形貌三维测量中有广泛的应用前景。     

Image data compression and it's effect on the accuracy of fringe-based images for 3-D gauging using a phase stepping method

This paper examines the effects of data compression on fringe images. Using the JPEG still image compression method firstly comparisons of errors introduced in a standard test image and in fringe images are made. The work shows that at compression levels of 6 : 1 a 512×512×8 bit fringe image can be reduced in size to allow a CCD digital camera to be directly connected for image input to the parallel port of a PC. The errors introduced into angular and smooth fringe images by the compression and decompression process are small, 0.06% and 0.14%, respectively. This enabled successful fringe analysis by a phase stepping system, with compression levels up to 16 : 1 using JPEG, before any significant artefacts were introduced into the processed images.     

3-D object profilometry based on direct fringe displacement analysis

A simple, fast and accurate method for 3-D object profilometry is proposed and verified by simulation and experiment. The profilometry method is based on the principle that the height data of a measured object can be obtained from the relevant fringe displacement, which in turn can be obtained by determining the precise position of the fringe center on the reference plane and on the object's surface. With the aid of a fringe skeleton extraction technique, the 3-D information can be acquired even from those images in which some fringes are squeezed, interrupted or shadowed.     

基于广义载波条纹图数字解调的三维形貌测量技术

提出研究了一种新的三维表面测试技术，该技术基于广义非线性载波条纹的数字解调。文中给出了该技术的理论分析和实验结果。     

Using coloured structured light in 3-D surface measurement

The widest used algorithms for 3-D surface measurement using structured fringe patterns are phase stepping and Fourier fringe analysis. The techniques currently employed use mostly monochrome fringe patterns as a tool for phase information measurement and further surface reconstruction. However, the information contained in colour images is much more than that of monochrome, in this case, a new colour technique can be employed to analyse a measured scene with colour fringe patterns.This paper presents a new method for improving the measurement of 3-D shapes by using colour information of the measured scene as an additional parameter. The new method is based on primary colours (red, green and blue) to increase the number of the illuminated fringe patterns, which will remove or significantly reduce the common drawbacks of existing methods. The proposed technique produces a number of coloured structured lighting patterns, which are projected from different angles onto the scene. These patterns are analysed using masking algorithms, a specially adapted multi-colour version of the standard Fourier fringe analysis method and calibration routines. In this way a number of the standard difficulties are overcome.     

Gamma-distorted fringe image modeling and accurate gamma correction for fast phase measuring profilometry

In fast phase-measuring profilometry, phase error caused by gamma distortion is the dominant error source. Previous phase-error compensation or gamma correction methods require the projector to be focused for best performance. However, in practice, as digital projectors are built with large apertures, they cannot project ideal focused fringe images. In this Letter, a thorough theoretical model of the gamma-distorted fringe image is derived from an optical perspective, and a highly accurate and easy to implement gamma correction method is presented to reduce the obstinate phase error. With the proposed method, high measuring accuracy can be achieved with the conventional three-step phase-shifting algorithm. The validity of the technique is verified by experiments.     

测量物体位移的数字白光散斑照相术

给出了一测量物体刚体位移的数字白光散斑照相术。数字傅里叶变换从双曝光字白光散斑图用来产生杨氏条纹。该杨氏条纹能够用数字傅里叶变换结合条纹重构进行自动分析。此外，给出一种条纹质量增强的方法。     

弹光调制非等相位干涉信号的快速光谱反演算法

在弹光调制傅里叶变换光谱仪(PEM-FTS)中,由于调制光程差的非线性,不能直接采用快速傅里叶变换(FFT)进行反演光谱,且直接计算开销过大。首先在Matlab软件中用非均匀快速傅里叶变换算法(NUFFT)对PEM非等相位干涉信号进行了软件仿真,其次设计了以TMS320C6713高性能浮点数字信号处理器(DSP)芯片为核心的光谱信息处理系统,实现了硬件上的光谱实时处理。研究表明,算法对光谱反演具有速度快、精度高等优点,1024点光谱反演的速度较直接运算的速度提高20多倍,反演精度可达0.78%。     

The study and application of a new filtering method on electronic speckle pattern interferometric fringe

It is important for the study of digital image processing to remove noises and enhance images because of various noises in images. The article is concerned with the recursive algorithm-filtering technique, which is capable of effectively removing noise and rapidly leading to a continuous gray-level distribution of a random image. By applying the method on speckle images of defects of rubber material, it is shown that this technique is the most effective and speedy method for the filtering of ESPI fringe patterns. Comparing the images before and after filtering, we can see the advantages of the novel technique clearly. It can increase the accuracy of measurement both in phase measurement and in quantitative evaluations of defects.