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水中酚类化合物的固相萃取-气质联用法测定 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
酚类是指苯环或稠环上带有羟基的化合物,酚类对人体具有致癌、致畸、致突变的潜在毒性.饮用水经氯气消毒时会产生卤代酚,不但会使饮用水带有氯酚味,影响口感,还会带来健康风险.所以国内外对水中酚的检测非常重视,美国环保局(EPA)优先监控的酚类化合物共11项,我国水中优先控制污染物黑名单中酚类化合物有6项[1]. 相似文献
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硝基酚类化合物在海水中的光化学氧化研究 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
酚类化合物尤其是硝基苯酚属于国家严格控制排放的有毒物质 .由于工业排污等原因 ,在近岸水体中能检测到许多酚类化合物 .我国胶州湾和杭州湾表层海水中酚的含量分别高达 3和 9mg/L[1] .酚的毒性会影响海水生物的生长和繁殖 ,危及人类健康 .由于硝基苯酚难于生化降解 ,因此研究其在水体中的光降解十分重要 [2~ 6 ] .文献中关于有机污染物的光化学研究大多侧重于废水处理 ,且降解方法也多采用 Ti O2 催化降解 [7,8] .对于硝基苯酚在天然水体中的光降解则知之甚少 .本文通过模拟海水条件下硝基苯酚的光化学反应及其影响因素 ,更加深入地了… 相似文献
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6种对位取代苯酚的毛细管电泳玻碳微电极柱上安培检测 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
1引言酚类化合物是一类有毒的有机污染物,有色谱法、化学发光法、电化学方法、毛细管电泳等多种方法可用于其分离分析。当酚类化合物取代基个数不同,其pK.差别较大,改变电泳缓冲溶液的pH值较易实现分离;当取代基个数相同,特别是取代基位置相同时,实现其相互分离则比较困难.作者用自己设计制作的小型安培检测池和玻碳电极,自行组装的高效毛细管电泳仪,以玻碳微电极柱上安培检测法对个氨基,4-羟基,4-氯.4-硝基,4-溴,4叔丁基苯酚等6种对位取代苯酚的分离分析进行了研究,结果表明在缓冲溶液中添加β-环糊精,延… 相似文献
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氯酚类化合物(CPs)广泛存在于环境中,其中2,4-二氯酚、2,4,6-三氯酚和五氯酚等都具有较高的毒性,可以通过食物链转移、富集和放大,具有弱雌激素作用和改变酶功能作用,影响生殖发育,被美国环保局列入优先控制污染物名单[1]。目前氯酚类化合物的测定主要采用衍生化气相色谱法[2]、吹扫捕集-气相色谱-质谱法[3]、固相萃取-液相色谱-串联质谱法[4]、固相萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱法[5]以及 相似文献
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使用碱洗提酚法提取煤液化油中的酚类化合物,然后结合Deans Switch装置和LTM色谱柱模块,采用中心切割气相色谱(GC)-质谱(MS)法对提取的酚类化合物进行定性。采用GC建立标准曲线,对煤液化油中主要酚类化合物的质量分数进行测定,并测定了煤液化油中邻甲基苯酚、2-乙基苯酚、4-丙基苯酚和5-茚酚4种酚类化合物的加标回收率。结果表明,在煤液化油中共定性出51种酚类化合物,测定了其中的35种酚类化合物的质量分数,其量占煤液化油总量的2.54(wt)%,苯酚和烷基苯酚占35种酚类化合物的88.2(wt)%。煤液化油中4种酚类化合物的加标回收率高,重复性好。 相似文献
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Wonghil Chang Hojun Kim Ga Young Lee Byoung Joon Ahn 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2016,42(1):71-82
Chlorophenols are widely used as industrial chemicals such as herbicides, insecticides, wood preservatives, and disinfectants. However, chlorophenols are very toxic materials and they have become the cause of current environmental issues. Hydrodechlorination (HDC) reaction is a more environmentally friendly removal method of chlorophenols than other methods. In this paper, Pd–modified graphene was prepared and applied to HDC reaction. Pd supported on graphene (refer to Pd/G) was prepared using the recently reported microwave irradiation method. The Pd(II)/GO was made by impregnation methods of palladium precursors in solution phase and was subsequently reduced to Pd/G by microwave irradiation. The morphological and chemical structure of the Pd/G was characterized by XRD, SEM, ICP-MS, EDS, and TEM. It was found that the graphene-based Pd catalyst showed the highest catalytic performance among Pd/Y, Pd/MCM-41, and Pd/G catalysts. This is attributed to the smaller particle size and higher dispersions of Pd nanoparticles on the graphene surface. The catalytic HDC of chlorophenols was investigated. For HDC reaction, 100 ppm solution of chlorophenols such as 4-chlorophenol, six isomers of dichlorophenol, and 2,3,5-trichlorophenol in isopropanol was treated with catalyst and base, such as Na2CO3 and K2CO3, under a hydrogen gas at ambient pressure. The progress of the chlorophenol decomposition was analyzed with GC. All chlorophenols were completely decomposed within 2 h in the 3 % Pd/G catalyst. The reaction pathway of chlorophenols was elucidated from the conversion of chlorophenols and selectivities of products. The reuse of the catalyst was also studied. The performance of the recycled catalyst in HDC reaction up to six successive runs was observed. 相似文献
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Basheer MM Custodio R Volpe PL Rittner R 《The journal of physical chemistry. A》2006,110(5):2021-2026
The proton affinities of 15 chlorophenols are calculated by ab initio methods. Straight correlation between proton affinities and changes in the electronic structure is observed. The proton affinities decrease linearly with the electronic density gain on the chlorine atoms, as the liberation of the proton increases. To confirm the importance of the proton affinities on the toxicity of chlorophenols, calorimetric responses of these molecules and related ones where the acid proton is changed to a methyl group (anisol and its chlorinated derivatives) were used to verify their effects on Chromobacterium violaceum. The results confirmed that the chlorophenols are more toxic than the respective chloroanisols and suggest that high proton affinities are associated with low toxic activity. The toxicity of the chlorophenols can be associated with the respiratory mechanism in some microorganisms. 相似文献
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A novel analytical method is presented for the determination of chlorophenols in water. This method involves pre-concentration by solid-phase microextraction (SPME) and an external desorption using a micellar medium as desorbing agent. Final analysis of the selected chlorophenols compounds was carried out by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with diode array detection (DAD). Optimum conditions for desorption, using the non-ionic surfactant polyoxyethylene 10 lauryl ether (POLE), such as surfactant concentration and time were studied. A satisfactory reproducibility for the extraction of target compounds, between 6 and 15%, was obtained, and detection limits were in the range of 1.1-5.9ngmL(-1). The developed method is evaluated and compared with the conventional one using organic solvent as a desorbing agent. The method was successfully applied to the determination of chlorophenols in water samples from different origin. This study has demonstrated that solid-phase microextraction with micellar desorption (SPME-MD) can be used as an alternative to conventional SPME method for the extraction of chlorophenols in water samples. 相似文献
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Muneer M. Ba-Abbad Abdul Amir H. Kadhum Abu Bakar Mohamad Mohd S. Takriff Kamaruzzaman Sopian 《Research on Chemical Intermediates》2013,39(5):1981-1996
The photocatalytic degradation of chlorophenols was evaluated under direct solar radiation using commercial ZnO catalyst. Effects of several parameters such as a catalyst loading, pH of solution and initial concentration on the degradation process have been investigated. The photocatalytic degradation efficiency of chlorophenols at the optimum value of the parameters was compared under similar experimental conditions. The results of efficiency and mineralization showed the degradation of 2-chlorophenol and 2,4-dichlorophenol compound with the first order kinetic rate and the rate constant decreases as the initial concentration of the chlorophenols increase. However, the rate constant was strongly affected by type of chlorophenols compound present either 2-chlorophenol or 2,4-dichlorophenol. The highest removal of chlorophenols was obtained after 120 min and the final intermediate compounds of chlorophenols degradation are lower molecular weight compound consisting of acetic acid which was analyzed through the HPLC. 相似文献
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Summary Acapillary zone electrophoretic method has been optimized to improve selectivity and resolution in the analysis of chlorophenols
in waste water. Use of a buffer system containing organic solvent dramatically improved the separation of chlorophenols. It
was shown that selectivity was strongly affected by electrolyte pH and the presence of organic modifiers. The results show
that the determination of all seventeen chlorinated derivatives of phenol in water can be achieved by use of a single organic
modifier. For example, with acetone as organic modifier all 17 chlorophenols could be separated and determined within 20 min.
The standard deviation of migration times and peak areas of the chlorophenols were in the ranges 0.48–0.67% and 3.9–5.1% respectively.
Detection linear ranges covered two orders of magnitude of concentration with correlation coefficients of 0.998–1.000, except
for 4-chlorophenol. Quantitative aspects of capillary zone electrophoresis are also discussed. It was concluded that capillary
zone electrophoresis is a potential method for determination of chlorophenol pollutants in waste water. 相似文献
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The aim of this work was to investigate the efficiency of various MWCNTs as SPE materials for the preconcentration of chlorophenols. The COOH-functionalized MWCNTs and MWCNTs were used as SPE sorbents. To evaluate the capability of MWCNTs for the preconcentration of chlorophenols from water samples, 2,4-chlorophenol, 4-chlorophenol, 2,4,6-chlorophenol, 2,6-chlorophenol, 3,4-chlorophenol, and 2-chlorophenol were used as model compounds. Chlorophenols were extracted with acetone, methanol, ethanol, and dichloromethane, and determined by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. COOH-functionalized MWCNTs <8 nm were found to be the best sorbent for the tested chlorophenols. For COOH-functionalized MWCNTs <8 nm, the recovery rates for all chlorophenols were higher than 50% when acetone or ethanol was used as eluents. In the case of dichloromethane elution, recovery rates for chlorophenols were from 62.0% for 2,6-DCP to 116.8% for 2,4-DCP; only for 2,4,6-TCP was the recovery rate 30.6%. Similar percentage recoveries were achieved with methanol as the eluent. 相似文献
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P. Trippel W. Maasfeld A. Kettrup 《International journal of environmental analytical chemistry》2013,93(1-2):97-110
Abstract A HPLC method has been developed for trace analysis of chlorophenols in the 0.2–2 ppb range from spiked water samples. Simple liquid-liquid extraction followed by on-line preconcentration of total mono- and dichlorophenols has been performed using a divinylbenzene-styrene copolymeric sorbent (PRP1) as packing material for the precolumn. The chlorophenols have been eluted from the precolumn on an analytical column (5μm LiChrosorb RP-18, 12.5 cm × 4 mm) by use of a switching valve system followed by separation. Detection was carried out with an electrochemical detector. The linearity of the detector response has been proved over two orders of magnitude. The detection limit of chlorophenols by means of the electrochemical method is in the lower picogram range. The recoveries of the isomeric chlorophenols from spiked river water samples having initial concentrations of 2ppb are usually 70–90%. The procedure has been applied to drinking water and river water. 相似文献
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J M Diserens 《Journal of AOAC International》2001,84(3):853-860
Although the use of pentachlorophenol (PCP) is prohibited in most countries, it is still widely found in the wood of pallets, containers, crates and in cardboard, paper, etc. Such material may contain not only PCP but other chlorophenols as well. Wooden crates and cardboard boxes are often used to store and transport fresh fruits. Consequently, chlorophenols present in the wood may contaminate the stored fruits by migration. To ascertain that packaging, storage material, and fruit raw materials are free from chlorophenol residues, we developed a rapid and sensitive method for the detection of 19 chlorophenols by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The test portions are directly extracted and acetylated in a solution of sodium carbonate in the presence of acetic anhydride and hexane. The hexane layer is analyzed, without further purification, by GC/MS in the selective-ion monitoring mode. The method allows the analysis of >40 samples/day with detection limits of <20 microg/kg for chlorophenols in wood, cardboard, and paper, and <2 microg/kg for chlorophenols in fruits. Typical recoveries of all chlorophenols were 94% from paper, 115% from cardboard, 51% from wood (depending on the size of the chips or shavings), and 93% from fruit puree. 相似文献
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F. Navarro-Villoslada M. E. Len-Gonzlez L. V. Prez-Arribas M. J. Santos-Delgado L. M. Polo-Díez 《Microchemical Journal》1991,44(3)
A multivariate-multicomponent analysis method for the determination of chlorophenols by diode array derivative spectrophotometry is proposed. The method is based on extraction of chlorophenols directly or as ion pairs with tetrabutylammonium as the counterion in chloroform at pH 9.1. Prediction and quantitative determinations (within the concentration range 3.0–15.0 mg liter−1) of two-, three-, and four component mixtures were possible using multivariate calibration of first-derivative spectra and a multicomponent analysis computer program based on least-squares regression. 相似文献
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The formation of chlorinated phenols during the analysis of chromatographically pure polychloroalicyclic ketones by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry was observed. Also in the mass spectra obtained by direct inlet, the presence of small amounts of chlorophenols was detected. The reasons of the formation of chlorophenols are discussed and qualitative and quantitative results obtained are interpreted. 相似文献