A Representation for Compound Quantum Systems as Individual Entities: Hard Acts of Creation and Hidden Correlations

We introduce an explicit definition for hidden correlations on individual entities in a compound system: when one individual entity is measured, this induces a well-defined transition of the proper state of the other individual entities. We prove that every compound quantum system described in the tensor product of a finite number of Hilbert spaces can be uniquely represented as a collection of individual entities between which there exist such hidden correlations. We investigate the significance of these hidden correlation representations within Aerts' creation-discovery approach and in particular their compatibility with the hidden measurement formalism. This leads us to the introduction of the notions of soft and hard acts of creation and to the observation that our approach can be seen as a theory of individuals when it is compared to the standard quantum theory.     

The influence of elastic deformation on the magnetostriction constant of nickel and iron-nickel alloys

The dependence of the magnetostriction constant of different materials in the form of a wire on the elastic elongation was measured. With pure nickel the magnetostriction constant is independent of the elastic deformation. All three alloys of iron and nickel and the triple alloy Fe-Ni-Co exhibit a linear dependence on the deformation, which differs for different crystallographic texture. In two iron-nickel alloys the dependence of the magnetostriction constants of the single crystal on the elastic deformation was calculated from measurements on polycrystals having different crystallographic textures. In the triple alloy Fe-Ni -Co a considerable linear decrease in the volume magnetostriction with the elastic elongation was also found. The observed changes can be explained by assuming the influence of the lattice deformation on the spinorbital interaction in alloys.

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. . - Fe-Ni-Co , . - . , Fe-Ni-Co . - .

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A preliminary report on some of the results of this paper was given at the conference on magnetism in Kyoto (Japan) in September 1961.

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In conclusion the authors thank Z. Frait C. Sc. and S. Libovický for remarks, J. Míová for help in the measurements, members of the chemical department of our institute for annealing and analyzing the samples and members of the Metal Research Institute in Panenské Beany for their exceptional helpfulness in preparing the wires.     

Reconstruction of abstract quantum theory

Understanding quantum theory as a general theory of prediction, we reconstruct abstract quantum theory. Abstract means the general frame of quantum theory, without reference to a three-dimensional position space, to concepts like particle or field, or to special laws of dynamics. Reconstruction is the attempt to do this by formulating simple and plausible postulates on prediction in order to derive the basic concepts of quantum theory from them. Thereby no law of classical physics is presupposed which would then have to be quantized. We briefly discuss the relationship of theory and interpretation in physics and the fundamental role of time as a basic concept for physics. Then a number ofassertions are given, formulated as succinctly as possible in order to make them easily quotable and comparable. The assertions are arranged in four groups: heuristic principles, verbal definitions of some terms, three basic postulates, and consequences. The three postulates of separable alternatives, indeterminism, and kinematics are the central points of this work. These brief assertions are commented upon, and their relationship with the interpretation of quantum theory is discussed. Also given are an outlook on the further development into concrete quantum theory and some philosophical reflections.     

ПЛОТНОСТЬ ТОКА В АНОД НЫХ ПЯТНАХ ИСКРОВЫХ РАЗРЯДОВ В ВОЗДУХЕ ПР И АТМОСФЕРНОМ ДАВЛЕН ИИ

annapamyp, . .     

ФИЗИЧЕСКИЕ ОСНОВЫ ИЗ МЕРЕНИЯ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ВОЗДУШНОГО ПОТОКА МЕ ТОДОМ НАКАЛЕННОЙ ПРО ВОЛОКИ ПРИ ВЫСОКНХ ПОДЗВУКО ВЫХ СКОРОСТЯХ

d - l - t _d R _max - J , ( ) - - , . . - ( ) - - R R _max —R. ,      

The elastic coupling between longitudinal and transversal vibrations of isotropic rods I. Rods of square and rectangular cross-section

A new approximate method for theoretically calculating longitudinal vibration frequencies of isotropic homogeneous rods of square and rectangular cross-section is given. We divide a three-dimensional longitudinal vibration into three one-dimensional ones; the coupling between the principal strains in question is assumed to be linear, similarly as in the static case of simple tension. The coupling between the deformations is realized by variable coupling parameters or depending on the order of vibrations (contrary to Rayleigh's correction where Poisson's ratio is the coupling parameter). These parameters are defined by the condition that the corresponding frequency must be minimized (stationary).Up till now Giebe and Blechschmidt [2] have given the best approximate method of calculation. The series of their calculated frequencies corresponds to the measuredones nearly as well as the frequencies calculated by us. The theory described here, however, contains a richer spectrum of frequencies and at the same time explains the frequencies measured in the range of the so-called dead zone, which is the weak point of Giebe's and Blechschmidt's theory.

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I.

. ; , . , ( , ). , ( ). [2]. , , . , , , , . . , .

     

ИЗЛУЧЕНИЕ ЭЛЕКТРИЧЕ СКОГО ДИПОЛЯ НАД ГРАН ИЦЕЙ ДВУХ СРЕД

, , . , - - . - . -, - , . , - ; , , .     

More inequalities for critical exponents

A variety of rigorous inequalities for critical exponents is proved. Most notable is the low-temperature Josephson inequalitydv +2 2–. Others are 1 1 +v, 1 1 , 1,d 1 + 1/ (for d),dv, ₃ + (for d), ₄ , and _{2m 2m+2} (form 2). The hypotheses vary; all inequalities are true for the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic pair interactions.NSF Predoctoral Fellow (1976–1979). Research supported in part by NSF Grant PHY 78-23952.     

ЗАТУХАНИЕ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ЧАСТИЦ В ОБЩЕМ ПОЛЕ С ПЕРИОДИЧЕСКОЙ СТРУКТУРОЙ I

, , . , . .

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The damping of particle oscillations in a general field with periodic structure I

A liner theory is derived, discussing the dynamics of particles in the region of an equilibrium orbit in a general electromagnetic field, which forms a periodic system. The total particle damping is determined from the Hamiltonian found and from dissipative forces brought out by a classical reaction radiation. Relations for the damping of the synchrotron oscillations are derived from the study of the appropriate phase space.

     

ТЕМПЕРАТУРНАЯ ЗАВИС ИМОСТЬ ТЕРМОЭЛЕКТРОДВИЖУЩ ЕЙ СИЛЫ СЕРОГО ОЛОВА С ПРИМЕСЯМИ КАДМИЯ

- , - —183 —10 °.     

The lattice spacings of equilibrium solid solutions of silver in aluminium

This paper describes the measured dependence of the lattice spacings of equilibrium Al-Ag solid solutions on temperature and composition. The form of the lattice spacing composition curve is found to differ considerably from that for the supersaturated Al-Ag solid solutions. The differences between the spacings of equilibrium and quenched Al-Ag solid solutions plotted against the electron concentration yield a curve similar to that constructed from the analogous measurements on Al-Zn given by Ellwood. The differences can be attributed to the influence of changes accompanying the increased solute clustering introduced by quenching the solid solutions into the supersaturated state.

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Al-Ag . , Al-Ag . Al-Ag, (. . , ), Al-Zn, , . , .

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The author wishes to express her thanks to Ing. J. Lagek for his care in carrying out the chemical analysis of the aluminium-silver alloys. The careful density measurements of these alloys made by J. Bednfi [are greatly appreciated.     

ВЛИЯНИЕ ПАРНЫХ СИЛ НА ЭНЕРГИЮ ГИГАНТСКОГО РЕЗОНАНСА

, , . .

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Influence of pair forces on the giant resonance energy

The influence of various nucleon-nucleon forces on the giant resonance energy is investigated with the help of the sum rules. The dependence of the contribution of exchange forces to the integral cross-section of the gamma quantum absorption on the number of protons and neutrons is obtained for light nuclei.

     

РАДИАЦИОННЫЙ ЗАХВАТ НЕЙТРОНА ЯДРАМИ Sc,Fe, Cu,Mo, Cd и La

, . 20–1000 keV Sc, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cd La.

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The radiative capture of a neutron on Sc, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cd and La nuclei

The energies and intensities of the transitions of a compound nucleus, produced by the capture of a neutron, were measured by means of a single-crystal scintillation spectrometer. The region of energies 20–1000 keV was measured on Sc, Fe, Cu, Mo, Cd and L a nuclei.

     

КРУЧЕНИЕ ПРИЗМАТИЧЕ СКИХ СТЕРЖНЕЙ ШВЕЛЛЕ РНОГО ПОПЕРЕЧНОГО СЕЧЕНИЯ

- [3], [4], U(x, y) . - U(x, y) -, . B § 10 - . , - , - D, . - .     

On the theory of ferromagnetic thin films

As is known, the second approximation in the calculation of the partition function by the traces method of ferromagnetic thin films gives wrong results for the coordination number equal to eight. In order to obtain correct results even for this case, the third order approximation of the partition function is developed and thus the magnetic properties of body-centred cubic iron thin films are studied. The dependence of the Curie temperature on the thickness, for different values of the ratio between the anisotropy constant and the exchange energy between two neighbours, is discussed. A value can be chosen for this ratio such that the thin film becomes ferromagnetic only for a thickness greater than a definite value.

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, . , , (Fe). . , - .

     

Configuration mixing and deviations of magnetic moments from Schmidt lines

Deviations of nuclear magnetic moments of oddA nuclei from the Schmidt lines are explained by configuration mixing. The general results obtained are applied to several nuclei and the magnitudes of the admixture coefficients necessary to explain the deviations are estimated. The results show that the deviations can be successfully explained only for those nuclei, in which possible configuration admixtures give contributions to the magnetic moment linear in the admixture coefficient.

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A . , . , , , .

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This work was done as a diploma thesis at the Faculty of Technical and Nuclear Physics, Technical University, Prague.

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In conclusion I want to thank Dr. L. Trlifaj for suggesting this subject and for his guidance in its realization.     

ГЕОМАГНИТНЫЙ ЭФФЕКТ ШИРОКИХ ЛИВНЕЙ КОСМИ ЧЕСКИХ ЛУЧЕЙ

( - .). , - , - , - . , D=30 40% , ; D=50 60%. .     

A note on the divergence of a series for multiple beam interference in a thin metallic film

The paper deals with the problem of the anomalous divergence of an infinite geometric series of complex amplitudes, pointed out by Berning. It is shown that the paradox is of a formal mathematical nature and has no consequences for multiple beam interference as a method of derivation.

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, . , - .

     

Is the electron a composite particle? An experiment

The crucial problem of physics was first formulated by Democritus in the 5th century BC: to find the or smallest uncuttable bits of matter. That has not changed ever since. Among the current candidates are electron and positron, the least expensive of today's bona fide . Experimental tests of their non-compositeness by precisely measuring the gyromagnetic ratios of the individual trapped particles are reviewed.You know, it would be sufficient to really understand the electron.Albert Einstein