星载光电跟瞄转台动态特性分析EI北大核心CSCD

针对目前利用有限元方法分析星载光电跟瞄转台动态特性时存在的建模失真问题,提出使用广义弹簧单元对轴承和锁紧机构等效建模,并通过定义模态阻尼比,精确模拟转台的固有频率及响应特性。通过理论计算和基于模态试验数据的参数辨识,确定各等效单元刚度;通过基于扫频试验数据的参数辨识,确定结构模态阻尼。基于建立的等效有限元模型进行仿真分析,模态分析中前6阶固有频率与试验结果的最大偏差为5.1%,谐响应分析中X、Y、Z三个主方向的最大响应与试验结果的最大偏差为3.2%,固有频率与响应一致性良好,均在允许的误差范围内。说明使用广义弹簧单元对轴承和锁紧机构进行等效建模,通过模态和扫频试验数据确定转台刚度和阻尼特性是可行的,对同类型转台的建模仿真有一定借鉴作用。     

基于实验模态的某结构动力学模型修正

目前，动力学建模主要有3种方法：理论建模、实验建模、理论与实验综合建模。理论建模的主要方法是有限单元法，它所建立的有限元模型往往不能完全真实反映结构实际情况，计算结果与实验结果可能不一致。实验建模主要是基于实验模态分析方法。它可以识别结构动力学模型，能够用来修正有限元模型，使其模态参数与实验结果一致或基本一致。第3种方法也被广泛采用，通过大型有限元分析软件建立结构的有限元模型，计算理论模态参数，再结合实验识别出的模态参数对有限元模型进行动力学修正。     

响应面法的杆式超声电机有限元模型修正

现有杆式超声电机的有限元模型大都采用连续复合材料的简化结构形式,忽略了实际超声电机各部件间的接触特性,导致计算结果与实验结果具有较大偏差。针对该问题,提出了一种采用响应面法的杆式超声电机有限元模型修正方法,来获得高精度的有限元模型。该方法考虑了超声电机螺栓预紧力及各部件接触界面的法向接触刚度和摩擦系数,筛选出显著影响电机工作模态的参数,建立响应面模型替代超声电机的有限元模型实现快速计算结构响应的目的,并以实验模态分析结果为目标对模型进行修正。修正结果表明,修正后的模型模态频率的平均误差由修正前的1.20%降到0.21%,模型精度得到明显改善,表明以响应面的有限元模型修正方法对杆式超声电机以及类似夹心式压电振子的设计具有应用价值。      

反射镜架系统运动学支撑连接的有限元建模

 根据反射镜架系统中运动学支撑连接的物理接触形式,采用相应的位移协调方式来模拟其连接,建立了一个镜架结构的有限元模型,并分析了该镜架系统的模态及结构在地脉动载荷下的微振动分析。得到前三阶模态固有频率的最大误差小于5%,各测点的位移响应均方根的计算值与试验值吻合较好,多数点位移均方根误差控制在30%以内,且各支撑连接部位的传递特性的计算结果与试验结果比较一致,验证了所采用的运动学支撑连接的建模方法的可行性。     

脉冲星信号的经验模态分解模态单元比例萎缩消噪算法

针对脉冲星信号的消噪问题, 提出了一种基于模态单元比例萎缩的经验模态分解(EMD)消噪方法. 利用经验模态分解将含噪脉冲星信号分解为一组内蕴模态函数(IMF), 将IMF中两个过零点间的部分定义为模态单元, 以模态单元为基本单位构造最优比例萎缩因子, 对IMF中的每个模态单元进行比例萎缩去噪, 进而建立基于模态单元比例萎缩的脉冲星信号滤波模型.对含噪脉冲星信号进行了消噪实验分析, 实验结果表明, 与小波硬阈值消噪法、比例萎缩小波消噪法和基于模态单元阈值的EMD消噪法相比, 该方法可以更有效地去除脉冲星信号中的噪声, 同时更好地保留了原信号中的有用细节信息. 关键词： 经验模态分解 脉冲星信号 模态单元比例萎缩 消噪     

考虑结合部特征的?150 mm口径反射镜模型修正

针对?150 mm口径反射镜受结合部的非线性因素影响导致结构分析模型精度较差的问题,提出了线性的动力学等效建模与参数修正方法。首先,在实际装配和约束环境下测试并获得了反射镜结构的试验模态参数。然后,根据界面结合部的动力学特征,对反射镜结构按照镜框固定连接模型、镜面螺钉夹持模型以及间隙等效模型进行了等效建模。最后,以试验模态参数为修正目标,采用优化方法对反射镜结构的动力学等效模型进行了参数修正,并采用模型分层和分步修正的思路,依据结合部特征将修正模型细分为两部分,提高模型参数的修正效率。结果表明,参数修正后的固有频率平均误差为1.5%,模态置信度均大于0.8,提升了反射镜结构的动力学模型精度,验证了线性化等效建模方法的正确性。     

局域共振复合单元声子晶体结构的低频带隙特性研究

本文提出了一种新型局域共振复合单元声子晶体结构, 并结合有限元方法对结构的带隙机理及低频共振带隙特性进行了分析和研究. 共振带隙产生的频率位置由所对应的局域共振模态的固有频率决定, 并且带隙宽度与局域共振模态的品质因子及其与基体之间的耦合作用强度有关. 采用局域共振复合单元结构可以实现声子晶体的多重共振, 在低频范围能打开多条共振带隙, 但受到共振单元排列方式的的影响. 由于纵向和横向局域共振模态的简并, 复合单元结构能在200 Hz以下的低频范围打开超过60%宽度的共振带隙, 最低带隙频率低至18 Hz. 这为声子晶体结构获得低频、超低频带隙提供了一种有效的方法. 关键词： 局域共振 低频带隙 复合单元 声子晶体     

室温CH腔体的单元腔近似优化

 CH（cross-bar H-type structure）结构是近几年提出的一种适用于低β的新型DTL(drift tube linac)加速结构，同IH（interdigital H-type structure）结构相比，CH结构可以工作在更高的频率（150~700 MHz）下，从而可以得到更高的输出能量（150 MeV）。由于DTL腔体为准周期结构，通过对单元腔的MWS(microwave studio)模拟及优化，得到了工作频率为350 MHz，单核能从6 MeV到66 MeV时的腔体并联阻抗及其它腔体参数，并对腔体单元数对腔体特性参数及谐振频率的影响做了定性分析。分析表明：对于CH结构，其有效并联阻抗远大于传统的DTL结构，对于350 MHz的工作频率，在6 MeV时将近100 MΩ/m，即使在能量高达66 MeV时，其有效并联阻抗也大于40 MΩ/m；单元腔近似是一种非常有效的分析DTL加速结构的方法，单元腔计算结果和整腔计算结果相比，谐振频率的相对偏差小于1%; 对于有效并联阻抗的计算，误差也在10%之内。     

薄滚筒内二元湿颗粒体系混合行为的离散单元模拟研究

采用所建立的四方程线性弹性-阻尼离散单元模型,同时考虑了液桥力的作用,对填充量为40%、含液量为3%的水平薄滚筒内S型(不同直径颗粒)二元湿颗粒体系混合过程进行了数值模拟,并与同等操作条件下不含液的干颗粒体系的混合行为进行了比较,分析了液体对颗粒体系混合行为的影响. 同时还将计算结果与文献中的实验结果进行了比较. 结果表明,由于湿颗粒间液桥力的牵引作用使不同性质的颗粒不易分离,使部分颗粒聚结成团,减弱了离析作用的影响,使得滚筒内湿颗粒的混合程度高于相同条件下的干颗粒体系,且接触力的分布较干颗粒体系更加均匀. 通过对混合过程的模拟,直观地反映了混合过程中颗粒的微观运动特性和内部的力学结构,为研究湿颗粒体系混合过程机理提供了依据和参考. 关键词： 湿颗粒体系 混合 分离 离散单元法     

CFETR水冷包层第一壁模块中等离子体注入氚输运有限单元分析

采用多物理场计算程序COMSOL Multiphysics,构建了一维氚输运有限单元模型,并与文献中氢同位素在钨中的滞留实验数据进行模拟验证。基于经过校验的一维模型,并考虑Soret效应,对中国聚变工程实验堆(CFETR)水冷包层第一壁进行了二维氚分析计算。模拟结果表明,氚在单个典型包层第一壁中的总滞留量为0.12mg,进入冷却剂中的总渗透量为0.12mg•yr^-1。若不考虑Soret效应,氚在RAFM钢中的滞留量将增加8.80%,渗透到冷却剂的量增加65.97%。由此可见,Soret效应对于氚的渗透和滞留具有显著的意义。     

Finite element model updating of a rod-type ultrasonicmotor based on response surface method

The conventional finite element model(FEM) of a rod-type ultrasonic motor is usually simplified by means of continuous composite structure. Because the actual contact characteristics between the parts of the ultrasonic motor is ignored, there is bigger error between the calculated values and experimental results. Aiming at solving problem, a new modeling method of a rod-type ultrasonic motor is presented to obtain a high-accuracy FEM. The bolt pretension and the normal contact stiffness and friction coefficient of the contact surface of ultrasonic motor are all considered in this method, and the significant parameters of working mode of the motor are selected by the response surface method, and the goal of calculating the structural response rapidly is realized by building the response surface model to replace the FEM. The result of finite element model updating shows that the average error of modal frequencies of updated model drops to 0.21% from 1.20%. The accuracy of FEM is obviously improved, which indicates that the FEM updating based on response surface method is of great application value on the design for a rod-type ultrasonic motor.     

偏瘫患者辅助下肢外骨骼设计与仿真分析

针对偏瘫患者外骨骼康复机器人降低外骨骼质量的要求,设计了一种辅助下肢外骨骼机器人,采用柔索驱动的膝关节,具有结构简单,质量轻的特点。同时利用ADAMS建立了外骨骼关节柔索驱动的动力学模型,绳索模块建立了柔索驱动模型,通过Ariel生物运动分析软件,采集髋、膝、踝关节运动数据,运用Spline函数进行了仿真分析。经过仿真分析柔索驱动在上台阶运动过程中的不同拉簧预紧力和拉簧刚度下传动特性和驱动力矩,为进一步研究设计下肢外骨骼提供依据。     

32级模块化Marx发生器机芯模态分析

模态分析可以获得结构的动特性参数。对32级模块化Marx发生器机芯进行了力学特性仿真分析和模态试验,用以评估Marx发生器的力学环境适应性。首先,建立了模块化Marx机芯的有限元模型,获得了初步振型;其次,在自由边界条件下分别开展了Marx机芯整体模态试验、局部模态试验和传递特性试验,得到了整体和局部结构的模态参数。研究表明,模块化Marx机芯在23.58 Hz处出现整体一阶扭转;机芯局部结构固有频率较高;机芯在x,y,z三个方向的振动传递率的范围分别为5～15,6～10和10～35,为后续工程中Marx发生器机芯的针对性设计提供了参考。     

Finite element analysis of the dynamic behavior of a laminated windscreen with frequency dependent viscoelastic core

This paper presents numerical and experimental validation of results obtained by a shell finite element, which has been developed for modeling of the dynamic behavior of sandwich multilayered structures with a viscoelastic core. The proposed shell finite element is very easy to implement in existing finite element solvers, since it uses only the displacements as degrees of freedom at external faces and at inter-layer interfaces. The displacement field is linearly interpolated in the thickness direction of each layer, and analytical integration is made in the thickness direction in order to avoid meshing of each sandwich layer by solid elements. Only the two dimensional mid-surface of reference is meshed, facilitating the mesh generation task. A simplified modal approach using a real modal basis is also proposed to efficiently calculate the dynamic response of the sandwich structure. The proposed method reduces the memory size and computing time and takes into account the frequency-dependence of the polymer core mechanical properties. Results obtained by the proposed element in conjunction with the simplified modal method have been numerically and experimentally validated by comparison to results obtained by commercial software codes (MSC/nastran and ESI/rayon-vtm), and to measurements done on automobile windscreens.     

Finite element analysis and experimental study on dynamic properties of a composite beam with viscoelastic damping

This paper investigates the frequency dependent viscoelastic dynamics of a multifunctional composite structure from finite element analysis and experimental validation. The frequency-dependent behavior of the stiffness and damping of a viscoelastic material directly affects the system's modal frequencies and damping, and results in complex vibration modes and differences in the relative phase of vibration. A second order three parameter Golla–Hughes–McTavish (GHM) method and a second order three fields Anelastic Displacement Fields (ADF) approach are used to implement the viscoelastic material model, enabling the straightforward development of time domain and frequency domain finite elements, and describing the frequency dependent viscoelastic behavior. Considering the parameter identification a strategy to estimate the fractional order of the time derivative and the relaxation time is outlined. Agreement between the curve fits using both the GHM and ADF and experiment is within 0.001 percent error. Continuing efforts are addressing the material modulus comparison of the GHM and the ADF model. There may be a theoretical difference between viscoelastic degrees of freedom at nodes and elements, but their numerical results are very close to each other in the specific frequency range of interest. With identified model parameters, numerical simulation is carried out to predict the damping behavior in its first two vibration modes. The experimental testing on the layered composite beam validates the numerical predication. Experimental results also show that elastic modulus measured from dynamic response yields more accurate results than static measurement, such as tensile testing, especially for elastomers.     

A basic hybrid finite element formulation for mid-frequency analysis of beams connected at an arbitrary angle

When beams are connected at an arbitrary angle and subjected to an external excitation, both longitudinal and bending waves are generated in the system. Since longitudinal wavelengths are considerably longer than bending wavelengths in the mid-frequency region, the number of bending wavelengths in the beams is considerably larger than the number of longitudinal wavelengths. In this paper, plannar beams connected at arbitrary angles are considered. The energy finite element analysis (EFEA) is employed for modelling the bending behavior of the beams and the conventional finite element analysis (FEA) is utilized for modelling the longitudinal vibration in the beams. Thus, a basic hybrid FEA formulation is presented for mid-frequency analysis of systems that contain two types of energy. The bending vibration is associated with the long members in the system and the longitudinal vibration is associated with the short members. The long members are considered to have high modal overlap and to contain several wavelengths within their dimension, and uncertainty effects are present. The short members contain a small number of wavelengths, and exhibit a low modal overlap. Due to the low modal overlap the resonant frequencies are spaced far apart in the frequency domain, therefore the short members exhibit resonant or non-resonant behavior depending on the frequency of the excitation.In this work, the bending and the longitudinal vibration within the same beam member are treated as a long and as a short member, respectively. A hybrid joint formulation is developed between long and short members. Power reflection and transmission coefficients are derived for each joint. The distribution of the energy throughout the system demonstrates a strong dependency on the power transfer coefficients. Several systems are analyzed by the hybrid FEA and by analytical solutions, and good correlation between them is observed.     

Sagnac型光学电压互感器传感单元非线性误差分析与抑制

基于Pockels效应的Sagnac型光学电压互感器的传感单元是由法拉第准直旋光器和BGO晶体构成,其中由偏振串扰引入的非线性误差是影响互感器测量精度及稳定性的主要误差来源。为了抑制传感单元存在的非线性误差,从主要光路器件及器件间的耦合点中分析产生偏振串扰的非理想耦合点及耦合机理,并提取表征该耦合点的误差特征参量,建立各非理想耦合点的传输模型,由此推导由传感单元偏振串扰引入的非线性误差模型,数值仿真并实验验证非理想偏振耦合对互感器性能的影响。在此基础上,提出了由BGO晶体敏感环境振动、温度波动等产生的非线性误差的抑制方法,实验结果验证了抑制方法的有效性。     

Regularised finite element model updating using measured incomplete modal data

This paper presents an effective approach for directly updating finite element model from measured incomplete vibration modal data with regularised algorithms. The proposed method is based on the relationship between the perturbation of structural parameters such as stiffness change and the modal data measurements of the tested structure such as measured mode shape readings. In order to adjust structural parameters at detailed locations, structural updating parameters will be selected at critical point level to reflect the modelling errors at the connections of structural elements. These updating parameters are then evaluated by an iterative or a direct solution procedure, which gives optimised solutions in the least squares sense without requiring an optimisation technique. In order to reduce the influence of modal measurement uncertainty, the Tikhonov regularisation method incorporating the L-curve criterion is employed to produce reliable solutions for the chosen updating parameters. Numerical simulation investigations and experimental studies for the laboratory tested space steel frame structure are undertaken to verify the accuracy and effectiveness of the proposed methods for adjusting the stiffness at the joints of structural members. The results demonstrate that the proposed methods provide reliable estimates of finite element model updating using the measured incomplete modal data.