部分相干涡旋光束叠加场中的合成相干涡旋及其动态传输

对由两束平行、离轴部分相干平顶涡旋光束叠加形成的合成相干涡旋做了详细研究.结果表明:合成相干涡旋的数目和位置与光束阶数、相对离轴距离、相干参数以及相对传输距离有关.在部分相干范畴内“隐藏”的合成相干涡旋对应于完全相干范畴中的合成光涡旋.并且证明在相干极限下合成相干涡旋就演化为合成光涡旋. 关键词： 相关奇点光学 合成相干涡旋 部分相干平顶光束 离轴合成     

光涡旋偶极子经半屏衍射后的演化

推导出寄居于高斯光束中的光涡旋偶极子经过半屏衍射后的解析传输公式.利用所得公式对光涡旋偶极子经半屏衍射后的演化做了详细研究.结果表明,与自由空间中光涡旋偶极子演化相比较,衍射场中会出现多对光涡旋偶极子,湮没方式与离轴量有关.随离轴参数的变化,偶极子出现不同的演化特性,但在演化过程中,拓扑电荷守恒. 关键词： 光涡旋偶极子 半屏衍射 拓扑电荷     

高斯涡旋光束的傍轴度

按单色光束傍轴度的定义,对高斯涡旋光束的傍轴度进行了研究.使用角谱表示法推导出高斯涡旋光束傍轴度的解析公式,用此研究了傍轴度和高斯涡旋光束参数之间的关系.结果表明,随背景高斯光束束腰宽度和光涡旋离轴参数的增加及随光涡旋拓扑电荷的减少,高斯涡旋光束的傍轴度增加.对所得结果用傍轴度与远场发散角间的关系做了物理解释.     

非正则光涡旋通过倾斜透镜的动态传输

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅尔衍射积分公式,研究了寄居于高斯光束背景下含有相位拓扑荷(拓扑电荷)m=+1、+2的非正则光涡旋通过倾斜透镜后的动态演化特性.研究发现,拓扑电荷m=+1的非正则光涡旋通过倾斜透镜后非正则度和拓扑电荷保持不变;而由于非正则度的影响,拓扑电荷m=+2的非正则光涡旋通过倾斜透镜后会分裂成两个拓扑电荷为m=+1、非正则度相等(等于初始面处拓扑电荷为+2的非正则光涡旋的非正则度)的非正则光涡旋.通过倾斜透镜传输后非正则光涡旋的位置取决于相对传输距离、离轴参数、非正则参数、倾斜因子、束腰宽度,且在传输过程中拓扑电荷总和保持不变.     

离轴拉盖尔-高斯涡旋光束传输中的光斑演变

在产生涡旋光束过程中, 固体激光器所输出的光束中心 很难与螺旋相位板的中心完全对准, 实际出射的光束为离轴涡旋光束. 在衍射理论的基础上, 对离轴涡旋光束的传输进行了研究, 推导了离轴涡旋光束传输一段距离后电场和光强的解析表达式.研究表明, 与理想的涡旋光束不同, 离轴涡旋光束具有非对称性的光强分布, 在传输过程中光斑除了展宽外, 涡旋暗核还会发生移动. 拓扑电荷数的大小只影响到光束的展宽, 拓扑电荷数为正时, 暗核沿着逆时针切线方向移动; 拓扑电荷数为负时, 暗核沿着顺时针的切线方向移动, 该结果对长距离探测涡旋光束的对准问题起到指导作用.     

空心高斯涡旋光束的远场特性

基于角谱法和稳相法,推导出了空心高斯涡旋光束的TE波和TM波在自由空间远场传输和能流密度的解析表达式,研究了其相位奇点和能流密度分布。结果表明,空心高斯涡旋光束的远场特性主要跟控制参数有关。改变光束中的涡旋离轴量,光涡旋和能流密度黑核会发生移动。圆刃型位错线的半径和能流密度暗环位置跟束腰宽度有关,而能流密度的对称性主要受涡旋离轴量的影响。     

贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中的传输特性

基于广义惠更斯-菲涅耳原理,推导了贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在湍流大气中传输时系统平均光强的解析表达式,研究了贝塞尔高斯空心涡旋光束在湍流大气中的光强传输特性,同时分析了大气湍流的强弱、涡旋光束的拓扑荷等对光束质量的影响.结果表明:贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中传输时,光强分布经历几个连续的变化,相位奇异性也会在传输过程中消失,该过程与涡旋光束拓扑荷的数目、光束的束腰宽度以及大气湍流的强弱等因素密切相关.拓扑荷数目高的涡旋光束在湍流大气中传输时,其奇异性的保持较拓扑荷数目低的涡旋光束要好.另外,基于桶中功率理论,分析研究了涡旋光束的拓扑荷数目、大气湍流强弱和束腰宽度对贝塞尔高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中传输时的光束质量的影响.     

双曲余弦高斯涡旋光束的远场特性研究

运用电磁光束的角谱法和稳相法, 推导出双曲余弦高斯(ChG) 涡旋光束的TE波和TM波在自由空间远场传输和能流密度的解析表达式, 用以研究了ChG涡旋光束在远场中的位相奇点和能流密度分布特性. 结果表明, 改变ChG 涡旋光束中的离心参数或束腰宽度, 位相奇点的密度、位置会发生变化. 涡旋离轴量的变化会导致能流密度分布的不对称性. 当离心参数增大时, 原点周围黑核会向原点中心移动. 关键词： 双曲余弦高斯涡旋光束 位相奇点 能流密度     

大气湍流像差散焦和像散与高斯涡旋光束焦面光强

分别研究了构成大气湍流波像差中的散焦和像散两个低阶像差对高斯涡旋激光束传输和成像的影响.采用菲涅耳-基尔霍夫衍射积分理论和大气湍流波相位结构函数的平方近似研究了聚焦高斯涡旋光束在大气湍流中散焦和像散影响下焦面光强的分布特性.导出了斜程传输条件下接收面上平均光强分布的积分表达式,并采用数值模拟方法研究湍流强度、传输距离和拓扑电荷对焦面光强的调制规律.结果表明:在弱湍流起伏区域,散焦和像散两类像差对高斯涡旋光束的光强分布影响都很小,可以忽略;在中等湍流区域,随着光束传输距离和湍流强度的增加,两类像差都导致高斯涡旋光束的光强峰值降低、束径扩展、中心暗斑扩大.当单拓扑电荷高斯涡旋光束传输时,在同等传输条件下,像散导致的光强峰值降低比散焦更严重,主亮斑区域外的次级亮环强度更大,光斑和中心暗斑扩展更明显.与单拓扑电荷光束相比较,散焦和像散导致双拓扑电荷光束的扩展更加明显,中心光斑更大,亮环区域外的次级亮环更明显;但是,由于光的相干性的降低和光束的偏折效应,像散导致光束中心的暗斑变为次级亮斑.     

正弦高斯涡旋光束的远场传输特性

根据角谱法和稳相法,推导了正弦高斯涡旋光束TE波和TM波在远场传输和能流密度的解析表达式,研究了正弦高斯涡旋光束在远场中的相位奇点和能流密度分布.结果表明:正弦高斯涡旋光束的远场特性与高斯光束的束腰宽度、涡旋离轴量、坐标位置以及与正弦项相关的参量有关.在一定条件下,远场中会出现相位奇点和能流密度黑核;当控制参量改变时,相位奇点和黑核的位置会发生移动,但原点处不受影响.相位奇点和能流密度的对称性主要受涡旋离轴量影响,当涡旋离轴量为0时,相位奇点和能流密度分布关于原点对称;当涡旋离轴量改变时,相位奇点和能流密度分布呈现出非对称性.     

Composite optical vortices in two noncollinear cosh-Gaussian vortex beams and their propagation properties in free space

The composite optical vortices (OVs) formed by superimposing two parallel, noncollinear cosh-Gaussian (ChG) vortex beams at the waist plane and their propagation in free space are studied. The dependence of the number, position and net topological charge of composite OVs on the control parameter, such as the relative phase, amplitude ratio, waist-width ratio, relative off-axis distance and decentered parameter, and on the propagation distance is illustrated numerically. A comparison with the previous work is also made.     

Composite optical vortices in noncollinear Laguerre--Gaussian beams and their propagation in free space

Taking two Laguerre-Gaussian beams with topological charge 1 = ±1 as an example, this paper studies the composite optical vortices formed by two noncollinear Laguerre-Gaussian beams with different phases, amplitudes, waist widths, off-axis distances, and their propagation in free space. It is shown by detailed numerical illustrative examples that the number and location of composite vortices at the waist plane are variable by varying the relative phase β, amplitude ratio η, waist width ratio ξ, or off-axis distance ratio μ. The net topological charge lnet is not always equal to the sum lsum of charges of the two component beams. The motion, creation and annihilation of composite vortices take place in the free-space propagation, and the net charge during the propagation remains unchanged and equals to the net charge at the waist plane.     

Interaction of two edge dislocations in free-space propagation

This paper studies in detail the interaction of two edge dislocations nested in a Gaussian beam propagating in free space. It shows that in free-space propagation the edge dislocations are unstable and vanish, and two noncanonical vortices with opposite topological charge take place when off-axis distances c₁ and c₂ of two edge dislocations are non-zero, and the condition k²w₀⁸+32c₁c₂(w₀²-2c₁c₂)z²>0 is fulfilled (k-wave number, w₀-waist width). A noncanonical vortex appears when one off-axis distance is zero. However, one edge dislocation is stable when two edge dislocations are perpendicular and one off-axis distance is zero. Two perpendicular edge dislocations both with zero off-axis distance are also stable. The analytical results are illustrated by numerical examples.     

Polarization singularities in near-field of Gaussian vortex beam diffracted by a circular aperture

Polarization singularities in the near-field of Gaussian vortex beams diffracted by a circular aperture are studied by a rigorous electromagnetic theory.It is shown that there exist C-points and L-lines,which depend on off-axis displacement parameters along the x and y directions,waist width,wavelength,and topological charge of the diffracted Gaussian vortex beam,as well as on propagation distance.The results are illustrated by numerical calculations.     

Composite coherence vortices and their propagation in free space

Taking Gaussian Schell-model (GSM) background vortex beams as an example of partially coherent vortex beams, the composite coherence vortices resulting from the superposition of the cross-spectral density function of two parallel, noncollinear partially coherent vortex beams and their propagation in free space are studied, and the main attention is paid to the effect of relative off-axis distance, coherence parameter and propagation distance on the composite coherence vortices. The number and location of composite coherence vortices vary by changing the relative off-axis distance, coherence parameter or propagation distance. In the coherent limit, the composite coherence vortex becomes the composite optical vortex.     

Propagation of Gaussian background vortex beams diffracted at a half-plane screen

Taking the Gaussian background vortex beam with topological charge +2 as a typical example, a closed-form expression for vortex Gaussian beams passing through a half-plane screen is derived and used to study the propagation dynamics of on-axis and off-axis vortex diffracted beams, and to compare with the case of the free-space propagation. It is shown that there may exist many phase singularities or no phase singularity of vortex diffracted Gaussian beams in the diffraction field. Number and position of phase singularities are dependent on the vortex position at the source plane and propagation distance. The creation, motion and annihilation of phase singularities in the diffraction field may appear by varying the vortex position and propagation distance.     

Half-plane diffraction of Gaussian beams carrying two vortices of equal charges

This paper derives explicit expressions for the propagation of Gaussian beams carrying two vortices of equal charges m=±1 diffracted at a half-plane screen, which enables the study of the dynamic evolution of vortices in the diffraction field. It shows that there may be no vortices, a pair or several pairs of vortices of opposite charges m=+1, -1 in the diffraction field. Pair creation, annihilation and motion of vortices may appear upon propagation. The off-axis distance additionally affects the evolutionary behaviour. In the process the total topological charge is equal to zero, which is unequal to that of the vortex beam at the source plane. A comparison with the free-space propagation of two vortices of equal charges and a further extension are made.     

Slant path intensity distribution of focusing J0-correlated Schell-model vortex beams in atmospheric turbulence

The intensity distribution of the J₀-correlated Schell-model (JSM) vortex beams focused by a lens and propagation in weak-to-strong turbulent atmosphere are investigated. It is shown that the beam spreading increases with the increase in topological charge n, the source coherent length α−1, turbulent outer scale L₀ and propagation distance z. The center hollow depth of intensity distribution of the J₀-correlated Schell-model (JSM) vortex beams decrease with the increase of topological charge n, turbulent outer scale L₀ and propagation distance z or the decrease of the source coherent length α−1.