带加速度补偿平面型光纤光栅水听器探头技术的研究

针对平面型光纤Bragg光栅(Fiber Bragg Grating,缩写为FBG)水听器探头加速度响应明显,影响它对正常声压进行探测的需求,提出了采用加速度补偿措施进行加速度去敏这一有效方法。从理论和实验上分析研究了带加速度补偿平面型光纤FBG水听器探头的结构灵敏度、灵敏度频率响应特性和加速度响应特性。结果表明:采用加速度补偿措施后,单位加速度(1m·s^-2)响应输出的等效作用声压由2.52~3.26 Pa降为0.0758~0.217 Pa。同时,探头结构灵敏度由28 fm/Pa减小为20 fm/Pa,动态谐振频率由6.2 kHz增高为6.52 kHz。谐振频率的增加有助于提高水听器系统的动态响应特性,而结构灵敏度的降低,可以通过提高FBG动态波长解调仪的灵敏度来进行补偿。本来,光纤光栅或光纤光栅激光水听器系统可探测灵敏度主要由解调仪灵敏度决定,而不是由探头结构灵敏度决定。所以,该加速度补偿措施具有很大的实用性。     

一种光纤光栅水听器灵敏度校准技术研究

为了校准光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度,开展了光纤光栅水听器灵敏度校准技术研究.本文首先介绍了光纤光栅水听器的工作原理;其次,采用可调谐激光器和带工作点控制的强度调制法,实现了光纤光栅水听器的信号解调和稳态测量;在此基础上,利用比较法建立了一种光纤光栅水听器校准系统,校准频率范围为20 Hz~10 kHz;最后,在该频率范围内对采用等效相移布喇格光栅研制的一只光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度进行了校准,对系统的测量不确定度进行了估算.结果表明,该系统可准确校准光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度,扩展不确定度为0.9 dB(k=2).     

光纤水听器探头技术研究

光纤水听器的探头技术是光纤水听器系统的基础，本给出了国内外光纤水听器探头设计的一些典型方案。并对它们进行对比分析。就光纤水听器探头技术的几个重要参数指标进行了评价。     

一种光纤光栅水听器灵敏度校准技术研究

为了校准光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度,开展了光纤光栅水听器灵敏度校准技术研究.本文首先介绍了光纤光栅水听器的工作原理;其次,采用可调谐激光器和带工作点控制的强度调制法,实现了光纤光栅水听器的信号解调和稳态测量;在此基础上,利用比较法建立了一种光纤光栅水听器校准系统,校准频率范围为20 Hz～10 kHz;最后,在该频率范围内对采用等效相移布喇格光栅研制的一只光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度进行了校准,对系统的测量不确定度进行了估算.结果表明,该系统可准确校准光纤光栅水听器的灵敏度,扩展不确定度为0.9 dB(k＝2).     

光纤光栅水听器技术实验研究

采用光纤布喇格光栅作为基本传感器件, 设计制作了光纤光栅水听器. 利用匹配光纤光栅解调技术, 实现了高灵敏度、高速度的动态信号测量, 并进行了相关的水下声音测量实验. 实验系统可测量水声信号频率范围为10 Hz~3 kHz, 测量动态范围为60 dB, 其结果具有很高的线性度.     

一种耐静压分布反馈式光纤激光水听器探头设计

大深度工作环境下,静水压会引起分布反馈式光纤激光水听器反射中心波长漂出解调系统的复用窗口,使水听器无法解调目标声压信号;不同的静水压也会引起分布反馈式光纤激光水听器灵敏度的变化,影响光纤激光水听器阵列的一致性。基于电力声类比理论,提出带静压补偿的分布反馈式光纤激光水听器探头,建立结构的声压传递函数,分析各结构参数对传递函数的影响,为分布反馈式光纤激光水听器探头频率响应平坦化设计提供理论依据。加工制作了耐静压分布反馈式光纤激光水听器样品进行测试,在0 kHz～10 kHz频率范围内声压灵敏度波动范围不大于±2.4 dB,2.3 MPa内出射激光中心波长漂移量不大于0.06 nm,对深水光纤激光水听器的研究具有指导意义。     

夹层式光纤激光水听器探头优化设计

为改善分布反馈式(DFB)光纤激光器水声探测性能,利用有限元软件ANSYS,以相对加速度灵敏度为目标函数,结构尺寸参数为设计变量,结构第一阶固有频率和探头声压灵敏度为状态变量,对夹层式封装结构进行了优化设计,对其声压探测及抗加速度机理进行了分析。分析表明,基于优化结果设计的探头在采用100 m非平衡干涉仪时,其声压灵敏度约为-135.1 dB,相对加速度灵敏度可达到-19.6 dB。结果表明,基于封装结构敏感部分分别承受声压激励和加速度激励时的不同响应机理,对夹层式封装结构关键部位尺寸进行优化设计后,通过合理选择承压梁与中间变形梁的厚度以及上下连接点的位置,封装制得的光纤激光水听器具有较高的声压灵敏度和良好的抗加速度性能。     

夹层式光纤激光水听器探头优化设计

为改善分布反馈式(DFB)光纤激光器水声探测性能,利用有限元软件ANSYS,以相对加速度灵敏度为目标函数,结构尺寸参数为设计变量,结构第一阶固有频率和探头声压灵敏度为状态变量,对夹层式封装结构进行了优化设计,对其声压探测及抗加速度机理进行了分析。分析表明,基于优化结果设计的探头在采用100m非平衡干涉仪时,其声压灵敏度约为-135.1dB,相对加速度灵敏度可达到-19.6dB。结果表明,基于封装结构敏感部分分别承受声压激励和加速度激励时的不同响应机理,对夹层式封装结构关键部位尺寸进行优化设计后,通过合理选择承压梁与中间变形梁的厚度以及上下连接点的位置,封装制得的光纤激光水听器具有较高的声压灵敏度和良好的抗加速度性能。     

一种有源型光纤水听器原理与实验分析

分析了一种有源型光纤水听器的水声传感原理,在一段掺铒光纤中写入具有π相移的光纤光栅构成光纤激光器,水声压力作用在激光器上引起激光波长的移位,采用干涉法检测出波长移位引起的相位变化即得到声压的信息.水声探测实验表明,有源型光纤水听器的声压灵敏度为-166.5 dB(参考值1 rad/μPa).将不同工作波长的四元光纤水听器串接于一根光纤内组成水听器阵列,使用带通波分复用器将阵列发出的激光分离至各独立通道后检测出相应的声压信号,测得水听器之间的级串扰小于-60 dB,且单元水听器水声响应的动态范围不受影响.     

对基于光纤光栅的两种水听器灵敏度的讨论

本文简单介绍了基于光纤光栅的光纤布喇格光栅(FBG)水听器以及分布反馈式(DFB)光纤激光水听器的基本工作原理与信号解调的基本方法。在此基础上提出了FBG水听器和DFB光纤激光水听器波长漂移率、压力灵敏度系数、相位灵敏度与相位灵敏度级以及电压灵敏度的定义以及物理涵义.并且对干涉型光纤水听器与DFB光纤激光水听器在相位灵敏度以及物理涵义上的区别进行了说明.     

Research of the planar optical fiber Bragg grating hydrophone probe

This paper presents the planar Fiber Bragg Grating （FBG） hydrophone probe sensing principle, and theoretically and experimentally researches the probe structure sensitivity, the receiving sensitivity frequency response characteristic and the acceleration response property. Planar sheet is made of stainless steel, its thickness is 0.15 mm, its diameter is 15mm, and the length of hollow circular shell is 20 mm. For this size of the structure, the probe structure sensitivity is up to 23 fm/Pa, which is about 7300 times of the value of the bare fiber. The resonance frequency is 6.5 kHz, and the amplitude-frequency curve of the receiving sensitivity response is relatively flat within the frequency range of 100 Hz to 5.5 kHz. The output yielded by one unit acceleration （1m/s2） is equivalent to （2.52 to 3.26 Pa） acoustic pressure acting output. This probe structure is easy to form FBG hydrophone array by multiplexing technique. The research shows that this planar structure not only can form FBG hydrophone probe, but also can constitute optical FBG laser hydrophone probe. The structure can realize different bandwidth, different range acoustic pressure measurement by adjusting the geometrical size of the sheet.     

Study of the planar optical fiber Bragg grating hydrophone probe with acceleration compensation

Since the probe acceleration response of a planar optical FBG hydrophone is very obvious and has an adverse influence on normal underwater acoustic pressure detection,an acceleration desensitization method employing an acceleration compensation measure is presented here.Results indicate that by utilizing this method,the equivalent pressure output applied by one unit of acceleration(1m·s^-2) is reduced from a range of 2.52-3.26 Pa to 0.0758-0.217 Pa, while the structural sensitivity decreases from 28 fm/Pa to 20 fm/Pa,however,the resonance frequency increases slightly from 6.2 kHz to 6.5 kHz.The increased resonance frequency helps to improve the dynamic frequency characteristics,and while the structural sensitivity is reduced, it can be compensated for by improving the optical FBG dynamic wavelength interrogation sensitivity.The system sensitivity of the optical FBG hydrophone is mainly determined by its wavelength interrogation sensitivity and not the probe structure sensitivity.Therefore,the acceleration compensation method would have broad practical applications.     

Development of an optical fiber hydrophone with fiber Bragg grating

A new type of optical fiber hydrophone is constructed with a fiber Bragg grating (FBG) based on the intensity modulation of laser light in an FBG under the influence of sound pressure. The FBG hydrophone shows linearity, with dynamic range about 70 dB. It can measure amplitude and phase of an acoustic field in real time, and operates in a wide range of acoustic frequency, at least from 1 kHz to 3 MHz. No signal distortion is observed in the detected signal. Because of the simplicity in its operating principle and geometry, an FBG hydrophone is expected to be an acoustic sensor of high practicality compared to a conventional optical fiber hydrophone.     

Three-hole microstructured optical fiber for efficient fiber Bragg grating refractometer

We present a photosensitive three-hole microstructured optical fiber specifically designed to improve the refractive index sensitivity of a standard fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensor photowritten in the suspended Ge-doped silica core. We describe the specific photowriting procedure used to realize gratings in such a fiber. We then determine their spectral sensitivity to the refractive index changes of material filling the holes surrounding the core. The sensitivity is compared with that of standard FBGs photowritten in a six-hole fiber with a larger core diameter. We demonstrate an improvement in the sensitivity by two orders of magnitude and reach a resolution of 3 x 10(-5) and 6 x 10(-6) around mean refractive index values of 1.33 and 1.40, respectively.     

基于旋涡发生体的光纤Bragg光栅流量计的研究

结合光纤光栅传感检测技术与旋涡分离原理,研制了一种基于三角柱型旋涡发生体的光纤Bragg光栅流量计,在三角柱旋涡发生体中部设置导压腔,腔内设置粘贴Bragg光栅的等强度悬臂梁,流体经过发生体两侧时,交替分离旋涡,导压腔内部产生脉动流体,等强度悬臂梁产生振动且振动频率与旋涡分离频率成正比,通过检测悬臂梁振动频率测量流体流量。实验表明,该流量计的线性度为4.38%FS,仪表系数为K=3.659,光纤光栅波长移位频率对流量的响应度为1.182Hz/(m3/h)。     

基于旋涡发生体的光纤Bragg光栅流量计的研究

结合光纤光栅传感检测技术与旋涡分离原理,研制了一种基于三角柱型旋涡发生体的光纤Bragg光栅流量计,在三角柱旋涡发生体中部设置导压腔,腔内设置粘贴Bragg光栅的等强度悬臂梁,流体经过发生体两侧时,交替分离旋涡,导压腔内部产生脉动流体,等强度悬臂梁产生振动且振动频率与旋涡分离频率成正比,通过检测悬臂梁振动频率测量流体流量。实验表明,该流量计的线性度为4.38%FS,仪表系数为K=3.659,光纤光栅波长移位频率对流量的响应度为1.182Hz/(m3/h)。     

Fiber Bragg grating hydrophone with high sensitivity

A fiber Bragg grating （FBG） hydrophone with high sensitivity was demonstrated. This hydrophone used a rubber diaphragm and a copper hard core as the sensing element. To compensate the hydrostatic pressure, a capillary tube was fixed at the end of the hydrophone. Theoretical analysis of the acoustic pressure sensitivity was given in this letter. Experiments were carried out to test the frequency response of the hydrophone. The result shows that when the Young＇s modulus of the diaphragm is higher, a flatter frequency response will be obtained.     

Bragg光纤光栅与光纤传感技术

光纤光栅及其应用技术的出现和发展将成为光纤通信、光纤传感以及在各相关领域中具有变革意义的新一代高新技术。本文对光纤光栅的致光机理、各种典型成栅技术作了评述。阐述了光纤光栅传光原理，并对３Ｓ系统的概念、体系结构和技术上的问题以及研究现状和发展作了综述。     

Nondestructive imaging of a type I optical fiber Bragg grating

Nondestructive images of refractive-index variation within a type I fiber Bragg grating have been recorded by the differential interference contrast imaging technique. The images reveal detailed structure within the fiber core that is consistent with the formation of Talbot planes in the diffraction pattern behind the phase mask that had been used to fabricate the grating.