Admissible majorants for model subspaces, and arguments of inner functions

Let Θ be an inner function in the upper half-plane ?⁺ and let K _Θ denote the model subspace H ² ? Θ H ² of the Hardy space H ² = H ²(?⁺). A nonnegative function w on the real line is said to be an admissible majorant for K _Θ if there exists a nonzero function f ∈ K _Θ such that {f} ? w a.e. on ?. We prove a refined version of the parametrization formula for K _Θ-admissible majorants and simplify the admissibility criterion (in terms of arg Θ) obtained in [8]. We show that, for every inner function Θ, there exist minimal K _Θ-admissible majorants. The relationship between admissibility and some weighted approximation problems is considered.     

Automorphic Equivalence of Many-Sorted Algebras

For every variety Θ of universal algebras we can consider the category Θ⁰ of the finite generated free algebras of this variety. The quotient group \(\mathfrak {A/Y}\), where \(\mathfrak {A}\) is a group of all the automorphisms of the category Θ⁰ and \(\mathfrak {Y}\) is a subgroup of all the inner automorphisms of this category measures difference between the geometric equivalence and automorphic equivalence of algebras from the variety Θ. In Plotkin and Zhitomirski (J. Algebra 306(2), 344–367, 2006) the simple and strong method of the verbal operations was elaborated on for the calculation of the group \(\mathfrak {A/Y} \) in the case when the Θ is a variety of one-sorted algebras. In the first part of our paper (Sections 1, 2 and 3) we prove that this method can be used in the case of many-sorted algebras. In the second part of our paper (Section 4) we apply the results of the first part to the universal algebraic geometry of many-sorted algebras and prove again and refine the results of Plotkin (2003) and Tsurkov (Int. J. Algebra Comput. 17(5/6), 1263–1271, 2007) for these algebras. For example we prove in the Theorem 4.3 that the automorphic equivalence of algebras can be reduced to the geometric equivalence if we change the operations in one of these algebras. In the third part of this paper (Section 5) we consider some varieties of many-sorted algebras. We prove that automorphic equivalence coincides with geometric equivalence in the variety of all the actions of semigroups over sets and in the variety of all the automatons, because the group \(\mathfrak {A/Y}\) is trivial for these varieties. We also consider the variety of all the representations of groups and all the representations of Lie algebras. The group \(\mathfrak {A/Y}\) is not trivial for these varieties and for both these varieties we give an examples of the representations which are automorphically equivalent but not geometrically equivalent.     

Repeated games with public uncertain duration process

We consider repeated games where the number of repetitions θ is unknown. The information about the uncertain duration can change during the play of the game. This is described by an uncertain duration process Θ that defines the probability law of the signals that players receive at each stage about the duration. To each repeated game Γ and uncertain duration process Θ is associated the Θ-repeated game Γ_Θ. A public uncertain duration process is one where the uncertainty about the duration is the same for all players. We establish a recursive formula for the value V _Θ of a repeated two-person zero-sum game Γ_Θ with a public uncertain duration process Θ. We study asymptotic properties of the normalized value v _Θ = V _Θ/E(θ) as the expected duration E (θ) goes to infinity. We extend and unify several asymptotic results on the existence of lim v _n and lim v _λ and their equality to lim v _Θ. This analysis applies in particular to stochastic games and repeated games of incomplete information.     

Upper functions for positive random functionals. I. General setting and Gaussian random functions

In this paper we are interested in finding upper functions for a collection of real-valued random variables {Ψ(χ _θ ), θ ∈ Θ}. Here {χ _θ , θ ∈ Θ} is a family of continuous random mappings, Ψ is a given sub-additive positive functional and Θ is a totally bounded subset of a metric space. We seek a nonrandom function U: Θ → ?₊ such that sup _θ∈Θ{Ψ(χ _θ ) ? U(θ)}₊ is “small” with prescribed probability. We apply the results obtained in the general setting to the variety of problems related to Gaussian random functions and empirical processes.     

The commutator in equivalential algebras and Fregean varieties

A class \({\mathcal {K}}\) of algebras with a distinguished constant term 0 is called Fregean if congruences of algebras in \({\mathcal {K}}\) are uniquely determined by their 0-cosets and Θ _A (0, a) = Θ _A (0, b) implies a = b for all \({a, b \in {\bf A} \in \mathcal {K}}\) . The structure of Fregean varieties was investigated in a paper by P. Idziak, K. S?omczyńska, and A. Wroński. In particular, it was shown there that every congruence permutable Fregean variety consists of algebras that are expansions of equivalential algebras, i.e., algebras that form an algebraization of the purely equivalential fragment of the intuitionistic propositional logic. In this paper we give a full characterization of the commutator for equivalential algebras and solvable Fregean varieties. In particular, we show that in a solvable algebra from a Fregean variety, the commutator coincides with the commutator of its purely equivalential reduct. Moreover, an intrinsic characterization of the commutator in this setting is given.     

Transitive algebras and reductive algebras on reproducing analytic Hilbert spaces

In this paper, we consider the well-known transitive algebra problem and reductive algebra problem on vector valued reproducing analytic Hilbert spaces. For an analytic Hilbert space H(k) with complete Nevanlinna-Pick kernel k, it is shown that both transitive algebra problem and reductive algebra problem on multiplier invariant subspaces of H(k)⊗Cm have positive answer if the algebras contain all analytic multiplication operators. This extends several known results on the problems.     

On density of transitive operator algebras

In this paper we study the transitive algebra question by considering the invariant subspace problem relative to von Neumann algebras. We prove that the algebra (not necessarily ∗) generated by a pair of sums of two unitary generators of L(F_∞) and its commutant is strong-operator dense in B(H). The relations between the transitive algebra question and the invariant subspace problem relative to some von Neumann algebras are discussed.     

Association Schemes and Fusion Algebras (An Introduction)

We introduce the concept of fusion algebras at algebraic level, as a purely algebraic concept for the fusion algebras which appear in conformal field theory in mathematical physics. We first discuss the connection between fusion algebras at algebraic level and character algebras, a purely algebraic concept for Bose-Mesner algebras of association schemes. Through this correspondence, we establish the condition when the matrix S of a fusion algebra at algebraic level is unitary or symmetric. We construct integral fusion algebras at algebraic level, from association schemes, in particular from group association schemes, whose matrix S is unitary and symmetric. Finally, we consider whether the modular invariance property is satisfied or not, namely whether there exists a diagonal matrix T satisfying the condition (ST)³ = S ². We prove that this property does not hold for some integral fusion algebras at algebraic level coming from the group association scheme of certain groups of order 64, and we also prove that the (nonintegral) fusion algebra at algebraic level obtained from the Hamming association scheme H(d, q) has the modular invariance property.     

Changing algebras in low energy biologic relational processes

Finite distributive lattices belonging to different varieties of pseudo-Boolean algebras have identified normal biological processes in terms of their qualitative relationships. When the normal processes evolve or deviate, the H₅ equational variety is produced as an algebra satisfying an intermediate step. Propositions concern about the study of the H₅ equational variety in the sense of getting the conditions of how to arrive to it and also which are the lattices belonging to the H₅ equational variety which evolve to a nonmodular algebra when the dual Heyting arrow operation is applied.     

Formulae concerning the computation of the Clausen integral Cl2(Θ)

The main problem under study concerns the expression of the Clausen integral Cl₂(Θ) in closed form in terms of known constants and special functions when Θ is equal to a rational multiple of π belonging to [0, 2π]. A general formula giving $\text{Cl}{}_2\text{(}\text{pπ}\text{q}\text{)}$ in terms of the derivative of the di-gamma function and the sine function is deduced from an appropriate Fourier series expansion. Some variants of this formula are obtained. In further sections, the formulae expressing Cl₂(2Θ) and, more generally, Cl₂(mΘ)(m=2,3,4,…) as linear combinations of terms of the form Cl₂(Θ+α) (α: const.) are established. The various results are illustrated by means of typical examples of practical application. The last section contains two simple approximations enabling the computation of Cl(Θ) for any Θ in [0,π] with a relative error smaller than 0.63% and 0.003%, resp.. The paper ends with an appendix in which, among other things, a peculiar trigonometric identity is established as a by-product.     

Graded Associative Conformal Algebras of Finite Type

In this paper, we consider graded associative conformal algebras. The class of these objects includes pseudo-algebras over non-cocommutative Hopf algebras of regular functions on some linear algebraic groups. In particular, an associative conformal algebra which is graded by a finite group Γ is a pseudo-algebra over the coordinate Hopf algebra of a linear algebraic group G such that the identity component G ⁰ is the affine line and G/G ⁰???Γ. A classification of simple and semisimple graded associative conformal algebras of finite type is obtained.     

Cleft extensions of Koszul twisted Calabi–Yau algebras

Let H be a twisted Calabi–Yau (CY) Hopf algebra and σ a 2-cocycle on H. Let A be an N-Koszul twisted CY algebra such that A is a graded H^σ- module algebra. We show that the cleft extension A#_σH is also a twisted CY algebra. This result has two consequences. Firstly, the smash product of an N-Koszul twisted CY algebra with a twisted CY Hopf algebra is still a twisted CY algebra. Secondly, the cleft objects of a twisted CY Hopf algebra are all twisted CY algebras. As an application of this property, we determine which cleft objects of U(D, λ), a class of pointed Hopf algebras introduced by Andruskiewitsch and Schneider, are Calabi–Yau algebras.     

Algebraic geometry of topological spaces I

We use techniques from both real and complex algebraic geometry to study K-theoretic and related invariants of the algebra C(X) of continuous complex-valued functions on a compact Hausdorff topological space X. For example, we prove a parameterized version of a theorem by Joseph Gubeladze; we show that if M is a countable, abelian, cancellative, torsion-free, semi-normal monoid, and X is contractible, then every finitely generated projective module over C(X)[M] is free. The particular case gives a parameterized version of the celebrated theorem proved independently by Daniel Quillen and Andrei Suslin that finitely generated projective modules over a polynomial ring over a field are free. The conjecture of Jonathan Rosenberg which predicts the homotopy invariance of the negative algebraic K-theory of C(X) follows from the particular case . We also give algebraic conditions for a functor from commutative algebras to abelian groups to be homotopy invariant on C ^*-algebras, and for a homology theory of commutative algebras to vanish on C ^*-algebras. These criteria have numerous applications. For example, the vanishing criterion applied to nil K-theory implies that commutative C ^*-algebras are K-regular. As another application, we show that the familiar formulas of Hochschild–Kostant–Rosenberg and Loday–Quillen for the algebraic Hochschild and cyclic homology of the coordinate ring of a smooth algebraic variety remain valid for the algebraic Hochschild and cyclic homology of C(X). Applications to the conjectures of Beĭlinson-Soulé and Farrell–Jones are also given.     

Extensions of quantum enveloping algebras

In this paper, we define a class of extended quantum enveloping algebras U _q (f(K, J)) and some new Hopf algebras, which are certain extensions of quantum enveloping algebras by a Hopf algebra H. This construction generalizes some well-known extensions of quantum enveloping algebras by a Hopf algebra and provides a large of new noncommutative and noncocommutative Hopf algebras.     

*-Regular Leavitt path algebras of arbitrary graphs

If K is a field with involution and E an arbitrary graph, the involution from K naturally induces an involution of the Leavitt path algebra L _K (E). We show that the involution on L _K (E) is proper if the involution on K is positive-definite, even in the case when the graph E is not necessarily finite or row-finite. It has been shown that the Leavitt path algebra L _K (E) is regular if and only if E is acyclic. We give necessary and sufficient conditions for L _K (E) to be *-regular (i.e., regular with proper involution). This characterization of *-regularity of a Leavitt path algebra is given in terms of an algebraic property of K, not just a graph-theoretic property of E. This differs from the known characterizations of various other algebraic properties of a Leavitt path algebra in terms of graphtheoretic properties of E alone. As a corollary, we show that Handelman’s conjecture (stating that every *-regular ring is unit-regular) holds for Leavitt path algebras. Moreover, its generalized version for rings with local units also continues to hold for Leavitt path algebras over arbitrary graphs.     

Hochschild (co)homology of Yoneda algebras of reconstruction algebras of type A 1

The reconstruction algebra is a generalization of the preprojective algebra, and plays important roles in algebraic geometry and commutative algebra. We consider the homological property of this class of algebras by calculating the Hochschild homology and Hochschild cohomology. Let Λ _t be the Yoneda algebra of a reconstruction algebra of type A ₁ over a field k. In this paper, a minimal projective bimodule resolution of Λ _t is constructed, and the k-dimensions of all Hochschild homology and cohomology groups of Λ _t are calculated explicitly.     

Homomorphisms and composition operators on algebras of analytic functions of bounded type

Let U and V be convex and balanced open subsets of the Banach spaces X and Y, respectively. In this paper we study the following question: given two Fréchet algebras of holomorphic functions of bounded type on U and V, respectively, that are algebra isomorphic, can we deduce that X and Y (or X^* and Y^*) are isomorphic? We prove that if X^* or Y^* has the approximation property and H_wu(U) and H_wu(V) are topologically algebra isomorphic, then X^* and Y^* are isomorphic (the converse being true when U and V are the whole space). We get analogous results for H_b(U) and H_b(V), giving conditions under which an algebra isomorphism between H_b(X) and H_b(Y) is equivalent to an isomorphism between X^* and Y^*. We also obtain characterizations of different algebra homomorphisms as composition operators, study the structure of the spectrum of the algebras under consideration and show the existence of homomorphisms on H_b(X) with pathological behaviors.     

Geométrie des suites de Kronecker

Let Θ be a element of the d-dimensional torus $\mathbb{T}$ ^d andτ the translationτ(x)=x + Θ. When d=1 there existe some partitions of $\mathbb{T}$ ¹ which are associated withτ. We prove the existence of partitions of $\mathbb{T}$ ^d which enjoyed the same kind of properties and whose elements (A _i ) _i≤n are convex polytopes. We also give a lower bound for the isotropic discrepancy of the sequence (nΘ) _nε?.