Facile conversion of CF3-containing propargylic alcohol derivatives via the corresponding allenes

Empirical information on the acidity of the propargylic proton from our previous work allowed us to develop novel synthetic transformations of readily available terminally trifluoromethylated propargylic alcohols 1 into the corresponding allenyl tosylates 3a, 1-tosyloxy- or 1-acyloxy-4,4,4-trifluorobutan-2-ones 4, and 2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)prop-2-en-1-ones 5, which was enabled by such common bases as NaOH and tertiary amines for affecting ready abstraction of this proton.     

Diastereoselective synthesis of propargylic fluorides and its application in preparation of monofluorinated sugar

An effective method to diastereoselectively synthesize enantioenriched propargylic fluorides was developed via S_N1 type reaction of DAST participated dehydroxy-fluorination of diastereomeric propargylic alcohol cobalt–carbonyl complexes. A serious of propargylic fluorides can be prepared by this approach in good yields with moderate to high diastereoselectivities. To demonstrate the application of this approach in synthesis, monofluorinated sugar 12, an important and versatile building block, was prepared in an efficient manner.     

Asymmetric synthesis of propargylic alcohols catalyzed by (−)-MITH

This investigation describes that in the presence of 2.5 mol % of (?)-2-exo-morpholinoisobornane-10-thiol (MITH) 1, catalytic asymmetric alkynylation of aldehydes gives enantioenriched propargylic alcohols with good enantioselectivities.     

The prototropic rearrangement of secondary propargylic amines

Secondary and tertiary propargylic amines of types 3 and 4 were synthesized. On prototropic isomerization amines3a-f isomerized to α,β-unsaturated aldimines of type6 while3g and3h isomerized to conjugated aldimines18 and19 respectively. The diyne-diamine27 isomerized to a fully conjugated diene-diimine28. Amine3i on treatment with base yielded aniline. Alkyl-substituted dipropynylamines29b-d were prepared and on prototropic isomerization aromatized to alkyl-substituted pyridines. The unsubstituted dipropynylamine29a however underwent under the above conditions two types of skeletal rearrangement to yield nitriles44a andb in high yield and oximes45a andb in low yield.     

A novel Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/Diels-Alder tandem reaction of propargylic acrylates with acyclic dienophiles

A novel DABCO-catalyzed Ireland-Claisen rearrangement/Diels-Alder tandem reaction of propargylic acrylates 3 with dienophiles 4 was developed in the presence of an excess TMSCl and DBU with 1% hydroquinone as polymerization inhibitor in acetonitrile at refluxing temperature under air.This protocol gave cyclicα,β-unsaturated carboxylic acids 5 with complete regioselectivity.     

Condensation of propargylic alcohols with 1,3-dicarbonyl compounds and 4-hydroxycoumarins in ionic liquids (ILs)

Propargylic alcohols are activated toward 1,3-diketones by Lewis or Brønsted acidic ionic liquids (ILs) without an added catalyst, but significantly better conversions are achieved with metallic triflates [in particular Sc(OTf)₃ and Ln(OTf)₃] and bismuth nitrate in imidazolium ILs. The scope of this condensation reaction was investigated with a variety of propargylic alcohols and a host of acyclic and cyclic dicarbonyl compounds. Concomitant cycloisomerization leading to tetrasubstituted furans was observed with the propargylic alcohols 1b and 1c in reaction with 1,3-diketone 2b and the β-ketoester 2c. With propargylic alcohol 1c, propargylation, cycloisomerization, or dienone formation were observed, depending on the structure of the 1,3-dicarbonyl compound. The [BMIM][PF₆]/Bi(NO₃)₃·5H₂O system proved efficient for propargylation, vinylation, and alkylation of 4-hydroxycoumarins. The recycling and reuse of the IL are added advantages of this method.     

Synthesis of ene-allenes via palladium-catalyzed hydride-transfer reaction of propargylic amines under mild conditions

The palladium-catalyzed allene transformation reaction from propargylic amines proceeded in the presence of Pd₂(dba)₃·CHCl₃ (5 mol %) and (C₆F₅)₂PC₂H₄P(C₆F₅)₂ (10 mol %) in CHCl₃ at room temperature to give the corresponding allenes in good to high yields. Dicyclohexyl groups substituted on the nitrogen of propargylic amines were found to be effective for the current transformation and the conjugated ene-allenes 4 were synthesized from the corresponding propargylic amines 3 under mild conditions.     

Reactions of novel trifluoromethyl propargylic carbocation with carbon nucleophiles

Trifluoromethyl propargylic carbocation [I] generated from the reaction of 1-amino substituted 3-trifluoromethyl-2-propynyl trimethylsilyl ether 1 with TMSOTf in CH₂Cl₂ at −15 °C, followed by warming to room temperature reacted with 1.2 equiv of substituted benzenes, RMgBr and allylsilane to give the enones 3a-l and 5, respectively. The reaction of [I] with anisole, followed by treatment with Grignard reagents afforded the corresponding allyl amine derivatives 7, which underwent cyclization reaction to give indene derivatives 8 by using 2 equiv of TMSOTf.     

Facile conversion of pyridine propargylic alcohols to enones: stereochemistry of protonation of allenol

The conversion of 4-pyridyl propargylic alcohols 1 to the (E)-propenones 3 and propynones 2 occurs under mild reaction conditions, pyridinium chloride in methanol at room temperature. (Z)-4-Pyridyl propenones 11 are detected as initial products when large substituents such as trimethylsilyl, tert-butyl and phenyl are attached at C-3 of the propynols and these (Z)-enones 11 are isomerised to the (E)-isomers 3 under the reaction conditions. In the presence of deuterated solvent, both hydrogens at the double bond of enone 3d are deuterated. An allenol is proposed as intermediate whose preferential protonation occurs at the less hindered side giving the (Z)-enone. The propargylic alcohols, pyridin-2-yl 12 and quinolin-4-yl 5, are converted to (E)-enones 13 and 7, respectively.     

A new route to cumulenes by stannylation-deoxystannylation of propargylic alcohols. Application to synthesis of conjugated enyne[3]cumulene as a model compound of neocarzinostatin chromophore

Sequential treatment of a propargylic alcohol by BuLi and Bu₃SnCl gave a mixture of stannylated propargylic alcohol and stannylated allenyl alcohol, both of which were converted to a single [3]cumulene by deoxystannylation of the stannyl alcohols by treatment with methanesulfonyl chloride and triethylamine. The efficiency of the deoxystannylation has been compared with that of an analogous silyl counterpart and proved to be much more efficient. The method has been applied to synthesis of conjugated enyne[3]cumulene 3 as a model compound of neocarzinostatin chromophore.     

Mercuric acetate-mediated annulation of homopropargylic alcohols having thioether substituent. A general route for the synthesis of tetrasubstituted furans from propargylic dithioacetals

Treatment of an alkyl-substituted propargylic dithioacetal with ⁿBuLi followed by an aldehyde furnishes thio-substituted homopropargylic alcohol 7 which undergoes annulation in the presence of two equivalents of mercury acetate to give the corresponding mercurio-substituted furan 12. Reaction of 12 with iodine gives iodofuran in moderate to good yield.     

Copper-catalyzed asymmetric propargylic substitution of anthrones and propargylic esters

Anthrones are key structural motifs in many natural products, bioactive compounds and pharmaceutical chemicals. Earth-abundant-metal-catalyzed asymmetric functionalization of anthrones has not proved to be viable. Herein, we disclosed a highly enantioselective propargylic substitution of anthrones with propargylic esters using copper salts with chiral N, N, P-ligand. This strategy is amenable to a broad range of substrates, uses readily available starting materials, provides excellent yields wit...     

First Long-Distance SRN1 on a propargylic chloride

We report here the first example of a Long-Distance S_RN1 (LD-S_RN1) reaction on a propargylic chloride. The reaction of 1-(3-chloroprop-1-ynyl)-4-nitrobenzene (1) with nitronate anions led to both the formation of the C-alkylation product through an LD-S_RN1 mechanism and the ethylenic compound resulting from nitrous acid elimination on the C-alkylation product 2. In contrast with previous work on LD-S_RN1 reactivity, no O-alkylation product was observed. Only one original product 4 was isolated under phase transfer conditions, resulting from a nucleophilic attack by 2-nitropropane anion on the electrophilic alkyne. This LD-S_RN1 reactivity did not extend to sulfinate anions; the reaction of 1 with sulfinate anions yielded original ethylenic disulfone compounds which were formed via an ionic process.     

Enantioselective synthesis of methyl-5(R)-fluorohept-6-ynoate

The asymmetric synthesis of propargylic fluorides, (+)-6 and (+)-3 with ee’s >95%, is reported. The first key step involves an asymmetric transfer hydrogenation of the propargylic ketone 11, using Noyori’s catalyst, to give alcohol (+)-10. The second important step is the highly stereoselective DAST mediated fluorination of the propargylic alcohol (−)-5. The ee determinations were performed using both NMR in chiral solvents and chiral GC. These propargylic fluorides appear to be useful intermediates in the preparation of fluorinated analogues of bioactive chiral molecules.     

Regioselective dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation of allylic and propargylic alcohols with AgSCF3

The reaction of easily available Morita–Baylis–Hillman (MBH) alcohols with AgSCF₃ in the presence of n-Bu₄NI and KI affords primary allylic SCF₃ products in high yields and excellent regioselectivities. This regioselective dehydroxytrifluoromethylthiolation protocol could also be extended to propargylic alcohols for the preparation of the primary propargylic SCF₃ products.     

Synthesis of substituted 3-iodopyrroles by cycloisomerization of propargylic aziridines with iodine

The electrophilic cyclizations of N-substituted propargylic aziridines are described. 3-Iodopyrroles having a variety of substituents at the 2- and 3-positions were synthesized by reacting propargylic aziridines with iodine. Whereas N-tosyl-substituted substrates require a platinum catalyst to promote the reaction, the iodine-promoted cycloisomerizations proceed when N-benzyl-substituted substrates are employed.     

Copper-catalyzed enantioselective propargylic amination of nonaromatic propargylic esters with amines

The enantioselective propargylic amination of propargylic pentafluorobenzoates bearing an alkyl group at the propargylic position with amines in the presence of catalytic amounts of a copper complex and an optically active diphosphine such as BINAP has been found to give the corresponding propargylic amines in good yields with high enantioselectivity.     

Ruthenium-catalyzed propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols with thiols: a general synthetic route to propargylic sulfides

A novel cationic methanethiolate-bridged diruthenium complex [Cp*RuCl(mu2-SMe)2RuCp*(OH2)]OTf (1e) has been disclosed to promote the catalytic propargylic substitution reaction of propargylic alcohols bearing not only terminal alkyne group but also internal alkyne group with thiols. It is noteworthy that neutral thiolate-bridged diruthenium complexes (1a-1c), which were known to promote the propargylic substitution reactions of propargylic alcohols bearing a terminal alkyne group with various heteroatom- and carbon-centered nucleophiles, did not work at all. The catalytic reaction described here provides a general and environmentally friendly preparative method for propargylic sulfides, which are quite useful intermediates in organic synthesis, directly from the corresponding propargylic alcohols and thiols.     

A facile access to spiro furanone skeleton based on Pd(II)-mediated cyclization-carbonylation of propargylic esters

The oxidative cyclization-carbonylation of propargylic esters mediated by Pd(II) afforded cyclic orthoesters, which were hydrolyzed into γ-acetoxy-β-ketoesters. Based on the NMR experiments, it was presumed that the cyclization reaction was initiated by a nucleophilic attack of carbonyl oxygen to the alkyne carbon coordinated to palladium(II). When the γ-acetoxy-β-ketoesters were treated with a basic condition, Knoevenagel-Claisen type condensation took place, and spiro furanone derivatives were obtained in good yields. We applied these reactions to steroid derivatives, and steroid derivatives having a spiro furanone fragment were synthesized. Among them, the spiro furanone 4j had vasorelaxant and bradycardiac activities. Compounds 2i-4k had inhibitory effect on CYP3A.     

Quaternary ammonium salt-catalyzed carboxylative cyclization of propargylic amines with CO2

By employing quaternary ammonium salts as catalysts, the carboxylative cyclization of the propargylic amines with CO₂ proceeded to afford the corresponding 2-oxazolidinones. In particular, tetra-n-butylammonium fluoride was the most effective catalyst for the reaction, providing a 2-oxazolidinone derivative in a maximum chemical yield of 99%. From a screening of the structure of a catalyst, it was found that both a quaternary ammonium cation and a basicity of the counter anion were essential to catalyze the carboxylative cyclization of the propargylic amines with CO₂.