大锥角药型罩聚能装药侵彻混凝土实验研究

采用脉冲X光照相及威力效应实验,对两种大锥角药型罩装药结构侵彻体的形成及它们对混凝土的侵彻能力进行了研究,获得了两种大锥角药型罩装药结构形成侵彻体的形状、头尾速度及它们对混凝土靶的侵彻参量,对比了半无限厚混凝土靶板及多层有限厚薄靶板对侵彻威力的影响。结果表明,在小炸高条件下,两种大锥角药型罩装药结构能够形成较理想的爆炸成型杆式侵彻体,在混凝土靶中形成孔深与孔径兼顾的孔道。     

聚能射流水中侵彻行为的实验研究

对三种不同药型罩形成的射流在水中的侵彻行为进行了实验研究,采用电铜箔测速法及高速摄影法分别获取了聚能射流在水中的行进过程及图像。实验结果表明,水体的边界效应及聚能射流在水中的开坑行为对电铜箔的测量结果影响很大,且聚能射流的准定常侵彻行为在平均速度的变化上表现明显,在准定常侵彻阶段,聚能射流的速度可近似为线性递减,且药型罩构型对射流速度的衰减率影响较大,药型罩材料的影响较小。光测结果给出了聚能射流在水中的运动图像,且据此计算出的射流速度与电测结果吻合较好。     

三锥S形聚能装药及其射流的性能分析

简介了一种新设计的三维S形聚能装药,并用MFD程序及多虚拟原点侵彻理论数值和解析地分析了射流的特性及侵彻能力。文中还给出了这种装药与单、双锥罩聚能装药的对比、理论预估与实验结果的对比。     

爆轰波波形与药型罩结构匹配对杆式射流成形的影响

为提高杆式射流对钢靶的侵彻能力,设计了一种偏心亚半球药型罩,通过爆轰波碰撞理论推导出药型罩压垮速度,并结合改进的PER理论建立了杆式射流成形的模型。分析了药型罩结构参数对爆轰波碰撞压力的影响规律,获得了等质量变壁厚药型罩射流质量及速度分布的变化规律。结果表明：马赫反射压力随偏心距的增大而增大,随外壁曲率半径的增大而减小,而正规斜反射压力与马赫反射压力变化规律相反,且马赫反射压力受药型罩结构影响较大;通过对比不同方案,罩顶与罩口部厚、中间薄形状药型罩形成的射流质量提高了29.5%,头部速度提高了21.3%,且速度梯度最大,相同炸高条件下侵彻深度提高了约2倍装药直径。针对优化结构进行了数值模拟和实验验证,通过对爆轰波波形与药型罩结构合理的匹配设计,使形成的杆式射流成形及侵彻性能得到显著提升。

     

大锥角聚能装药射流形成及对多层靶侵彻的数值模拟研究

运用改进的网格线示踪点法MOCL(MarkOnCellLine)二维多流体欧拉程序 ,对大锥角聚能装药射流的形成及侵彻多层金属靶的全过程进行了数值模拟研究 ,计算结果与试验结果较吻合。这种连贯性的模拟能力避免了数值计算中对射流的许多人为假定。计算和试验结果表明 ,该聚能装药所形成的射流质量约占整个药型罩质量的 32 % ,兼有聚能射流和爆炸成型弹丸的特点 ,更适合于穿透多层大间隔金属靶。     

基于双层药型罩成型装药的串联EFP

为了研究双层药型罩形成的串联EFP,设计了4种不同材料组合的双层药型罩,利用X光获得了串联EFP形成过程的照片,并开展了相应的数值模拟。发现具有合适结构和药型罩材料的双层药型罩可以形成串联聚能侵彻体,药型罩材料组合和起爆位置对串联聚能侵彻体的形成具有较大的影响。     

非对称中空环形聚能装药成型与侵彻特性影响因素分析

为减弱中空环形聚能装药形成的中心侵彻体对后级结构的破坏作用,通过改变环锥罩的偏心距离和壁厚,调整了装药和药型罩的质量分布,使之形成准直环形射流,研究了炸高对环形射流侵彻威力的影响规律。数值模拟结果表明：内壳为铝合金时的中心孔平均侵彻深度较内壳为钢时的平均侵彻深度低36.13%;非偏心环锥罩形成的射流存在径向偏移,侵彻能力较弱。当环锥罩顶向外侧偏移0.05d(d为环形装药厚度)时,射流准直性较好,环形射流侵彻深度较大;随着药型罩壁厚的增加,射流头部速度不断减小,当壁厚为0.045d时,偏心环锥罩形成的环形射流侵彻能力较强;环形射流侵彻深度对炸高较为敏感,在炸高为1.12d时,环形射流侵彻深度较大。针对非偏心环锥罩和偏心环锥罩两种药型罩结构开展的静破甲试验表明,环形射流侵彻深度和扩孔直径的试验结果与数值模拟结果误差小于12%,验证了数值模拟模型的可靠性。     

多孔药型罩聚能射流的稳定性

基于Herrmann改进的Grneisen状态方程,对多孔药型罩受冲击压缩产生的温升进行了估算,从理论上分析了孔隙度对射流断裂时间的影响。使用脉冲X光测试并结合侵彻实验研究了药型罩初始孔隙度为9.3%和11.4%时聚能射流的稳定性。研究结果表明,在一定孔隙度范围内,射流的稳定性随孔隙度的增加而增强。     

拉断后射流对钢靶的随机侵彻

聚能破甲弹的金属射流断裂后发生径向随机发散,导致破甲深度显著下降。本文分析了径向随机发散的规律,得出描述拉断后射流对钢靶随机侵彻深度的一阶非线性常微分方程,并给出了大炸高条件下的简化解。     

约束及增韧对氧化铝陶瓷抗射流侵彻性能的影响

基于DOP实验方法开展了2种约束氧化铝陶瓷抗射流侵彻性能系列实验研究,分别获取了AD95陶瓷及10%氧化锆增韧陶瓷抗射流侵彻过程的侵彻深度-时间（P-t）曲线及他们在验证靶上的剩余穿深,并与45钢的抗侵彻数据进行了对比。结果表明:2种陶瓷抗射流侵彻的防护因数均大于1;约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力得到了较大提高;增韧陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力优于AD95陶瓷。基于实验结果分析了约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻的机理,提出约束边界反射产生的回爆对射流稳定性的干扰是约束陶瓷抗射流侵彻能力提高的主要原因。     

The effect of the VOF–CSF static contact angle boundary condition on the dynamics of sliding and bouncing ellipsoidal bubbles

The static contact angle is the only empiricism introduced in a Volume of Fluid–Continuum Surface Force (VOF–CSF) model of bubbly flow. Although it has previously been shown to have a relatively limited effect on the accuracy of velocity and shape predictions in the case of large gas bubbles sliding under inclined walls (e.g. Cook and Behnia, 2001), it may have a more determining influence on the numerical prediction of the dynamics of smaller ellipsoidal bubbles which were shown by Tsao and Koch (1997) to bounce repeatedly when sliding under inclined walls at certain wall inclinations. The present paper reports on the influence of surface tension and the static contact angle on the dynamics of an ellipsoidal air bubble of equivalent diameter D_e = 3.4 mm. The bubble Eötvös and Morton numbers are Eo = 1.56 and Mo = 2 × 10⁻¹¹ respectively. The computational results are achieved with a Piecewise Linear Construction (PLIC) of the interface and are reviewed with reference to experimental measurements of bubble velocity and interface shape oscillations recorded using a high speed digital camera. Tests are performed at plate inclination angles θ ∈ {10°, 20°, 30°, 45°} to the horizontal and computational models consider three static contact angles θ_c ∈ {10°, 20°, 30°}. The static contact angle has been found to have a significant effect on the bubble dynamics but to varying degree depending on the plate inclination. It is shown to promote lift off and bouncing when the plate inclination angle reaches 30° in a way that does not necessarily reflect experimental observations.     

Effect of flows between formations and capillary forces on the process of oil displacement in a stratified inhomogeneous bed

The results of a numerical investigation of the process of oil displacement in a stratified inhomogeneous formation on the basis of the two-phase flow model with account for capillary forces are presented. It is shown that in many cases the vertical inhomogeneity of oil reservoirs may not be a cause of nonuniform displacement and the non-recovery of large oil reserves by the time of water breakthrough to the extraction surface. The action of the capillary forces is an additional factor leading to equalization of the water propagation front in the inhomogeneous formation, water breakthrough delay, and intensification of the mass transfer between the layers with different permeabilities. Analysis of the contribution of the interlayer flows to the water flooding of low-permeability formation intervals calls into question the practicability of blocking high-permeability inclusions in the neighborhood of pumping wells.     

Effect of adhesive thickness,adhesive type and scarf angle on the mechanical properties of scarf adhesive joints

The effects of adhesive thickness, adhesive type and scarf angle, which are determined as the main control parameters by the dimensional analysis, on the mechanical properties of a scarf adhesive joint (SJ) subjected to uniaxial tensile loading are examined using a mixed-mode cohesive zone model (CZM) with a bilinear shape to govern the interface separation. Particularly, the adhesive-dependence of the vital cohesive parameters of CZM, which mainly include initial stiffness, total fracture energy and separation strength, is introduced emphatically. The numerical results demonstrate that the ultimate tensile loading increases as the adhesive thickness decreases. Cross the ultimate tension, the joint loses the load-bearing capacity when adopting the brittle adhesive but sustains partial load-bearing capacity while selecting the ductile adhesive. In addition, for the joint with the ductile adhesive, the maximum applied displacement until the complete failure of it is directly proportional to the adhesive thickness, which is different from the case using the brittle adhesive. Taking the combination of the ultimate loading and applied displacement into account, failure energy is employed to evaluate the joint performances. The results show that the failure energy of the joint with the brittle adhesive increases as the adhesive thickness decreases. Conversely, the situation of the joint using the ductile adhesive is vice versa. Moreover, the effect of the adhesive thickness becomes more noticeable with decreasing the scarf angle owing to the variation of the proportion of each component of the mixed-mode. Furthermore, all the characteristic parameters (the ultimate tensile loading, the maximum applied displacement and the failure energy) that adopted to describe the performances of SJ increase as the scarf angle decreases. Finally, the numerical method employed in this study is validated by comparing with existing experimental results.