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1.
《中国化学会会志》2017,64(12):1399-1407
Here we investigate a new type of highly flame retardant poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposite by bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of organic nano carboncapsule (OCNC/NCNC)‐incorporated modified montmorillonites (CL120, CL42). The morphology of the modified clay was confirmed by X‐ray diffraction (XRD), and Fourier transform infrared (FT‐IR) spectroscopy was used to identify the functional groups in the clay. The nano morphological characterization of the clay in the PMMA matrix was confirmed by XRD and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The thermal and mechanical properties of the PMMA nanocomposites were investigated by thermogravimetry and dynamic mechanical analysis, respectively. PMMA containing organo nano carboncapsule‐doped CL42 modified cocoamphodipropionate (K2) (P‐O‐CL42) could achieve very high thermal stability compared to pristine PMMA. The 5% thermal decomposition temperature (T 5d) increased by 63.2°C. Storage modulus of PMMA nanocomposites measured by DMA analysis. An enhancement of storage modulus and significant reduction in the peak heat release (PHR) rate were observed in the almost all PMMA nanocomposites as compared to pristine PMMA. Moreover, these results suggest that PMMA nanocomposites can have potential applications in the building industry and the medical field.  相似文献   

2.
This article addresses the synthesis of organically tailored Ni-Al layered double hydroxide (ONi-Al LDH) and its use in the fabrication of exfoliated poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites. The pristine Ni-Al LDH was initially synthesized by co-precipitation method and subsequently modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate to obtain ONi-Al LDH. Nanocomposites of PMMA containing various amounts of modified Ni-Al LDH (3 wt%-7 wt%) were synthesized via solvent blending method to investigate the influence of LDH content on the properties of PMMA matrix. Several characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), rheological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis (TGA), were employed to examine the structural, viscoelastic and thermal properties of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites. The results of XRD and TEM examination confirm the formation of partially exfoliated PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites. The FTIR results elucidate that the characteristic bands for both pure PMMA and modified LDH are present in the spectra of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites. Rheological analyses were carried out to examine the adhesion between polymer matrix and fillers present in the nanocomposite sample. The TGA data indicate that the PMMA nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal stability when compared to pure PMMA. The thermal decomposition temperature of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites increases by 28 K compared to that of pure PMMA at 15% weight loss as a point of reference. In comparison with pure PMMA, the PMMA nanocomposite containing 7 wt% LDH demonstrates improved glass transition temperature (T g) of around 3 K. The activation energy (E a), reaction orders (n) and reaction mechanism of thermal degradation of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites were evaluated using different kinetic models. Water uptake capacity of the PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites is less than that of the pure PMMA.  相似文献   

3.
Poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/montmorillonite (MMT) nanocomposites were prepared by in situ suspension polymerization. MMT was previously organically modified by three different intercalating agents: methacrylatoethyl trimethyl ammonium chloride (DMC), dodecylamine (12CNH), and hexadecyl allyl ammonium chloride (HADC). The structures of the nanocomposites were investigated by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy, while the interaction between PMMA and MMT was characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. The molecular mass of the extracted PMMA was measured by gel permeation chromatography. The thermal stability of PMMA/MMT nanocomposites was evaluated by thermogravimetric and differential scanning calorimetry. The results indicated that PMMA/MMT nanocomposites were successfully prepared and the interaction between PMMA and MMT of PMMA/MMT–HADC nanocomposites was the strongest. The thermal stability of the nanocomposites was improved and found to be optimal for PMMA/MMT–HADC with T 10 increasing to 304 °C, 52 °C higher than that of neat PMMA.  相似文献   

4.
Graphene oxide (GO) is used as a stabilizer in the Pickering emulsion polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) to prepare PMMA/GO nanocomposites. Transmission electron microscope studies of the emulsion polymerization products showed that the average diameter of nanocomposite particles was about 150 nm, the transparent GO flakes covered the surface of the particles, and were well dispersed in polymer matrix. The influence of GO on the thermal stability of PMMA was investigated by thermogravimetry analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. The results showed that the thermal stability and the glass transition temperature (T g) of PMMA/GO nanocomposites were improved obviously compared with PMMA. The apparent activation energy (E a) for the degradation process of PMMA/GO nanocomposites was evaluated by Kissinger method, which indicated that their E a s were much higher than those of PMMA both in nitrogen and air atmosphere.  相似文献   

5.
Transparent poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/TiO2 nanocomposites have been prepared by solution mixing PMMA with organically soluble titania xerogel. The organically soluble titania xerogel in the form of amorphous phase has been synthesized via a simple sol-gel method, involving hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate (TBT) in trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) and gelation. The obtained PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission electron microscope (TEM), thermogravimetry (TG) and ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) absorption spectroscopy. The results showed that the interaction between titania nanoparticles and PMMA macromolecular chains led to a homogeneous dispersion of TiO2 in PMMA matrix. The resulting PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites showed improved thermal stability, high transparency and high UV-shielding efficiency with a small amount of titania xerogel (≤3.0 wt %). The present work is of interest for developing a series of transparent UV-shielding nanocomposites.  相似文献   

6.
In this work, poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was grafted onto amine treated multi-walled carbon nanotubes (NH-MWNTs) and the physical and rheological properties of the NH-MWNTs–g-PMMA nanocomposites were investigated. The graft reaction of NH-MWNTs and the PMMA matrix was confirmed from the change of the N1S peaks, including those of amine oxygen and amide oxygen, by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). The thermal and mechanical properties of the NH-MWNT–g-PMMA nanocomposites were enhanced by the graft reaction between NH-MWNTs and PMMA matrix. In addition, the viscosity of the nanocomposites was increased with the addition of NH-MWNTs. Storage (G′) and loss modulus (G″) were significantly increased by increase in the NH-MWNT content compared to acid-treated MWNTs/PMMA nanocomposites. This increase was attributed to the strong interaction by the grafting reaction between NH-MWNTs and the PMMA matrix.  相似文献   

7.
This article addresses the synthesis of organically tailored Ni-Al layered double hydroxide(ONi-Al LDH) and its use in the fabrication of exfoliated poly(methyl methacrylate)(PMMA) nanocomposites. The pristine Ni-Al LDH was initially synthesized by co-precipitation method and subsequently modified using sodium dodecyl sulfate to obtain ONi-Al LDH. Nanocomposites of PMMA containing various amounts of modified Ni-Al LDH(3 wt%?7 wt%) were synthesized via solvent blending method to investigate the influence of LDH content on the properties of PMMA matrix. Several characterization methods such as X-ray diffraction(XRD), transmission electron microscopy(TEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy(FTIR), rheological analysis, differential scanning calorimetry(DSC) and thermo gravimetric analysis(TGA), were employed to examine the structural, viscoelastic and thermal properties of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites. The results of XRD and TEM examination confirm the formation of partially exfoliated PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites. The FTIR results elucidate that the characteristic bands for both pure PMMA and modified LDH are present in the spectra of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites. Rheological analyses were carried out to examine the adhesion between polymer matrix and fillers present in the nanocomposite sample. The TGA data indicate that the PMMA nanocomposites exhibit higher thermal stability when compared to pure PMMA. The thermal decomposition temperature of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites increases by 28 K compared to that of pure PMMA at 15% weight loss as a point of reference. In comparison with pure PMMA, the PMMA nanocomposite containing 7 wt% LDH demonstrates improved glass transition temperature(Tg) of around 3 K. The activation energy(Ea), reaction orders(n) and reaction mechanism of thermal degradation of PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites were evaluated using different kinetic models. Water uptake capacity of the PMMA/OLDH nanocomposites is less than that of the pure PMMA.  相似文献   

8.
Graphite nanosheets (NanoG) were prepared by treating the expanded graphite with sonication in aqueous alcohol solution. Nanocomposites of poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) with NanoG were prepared via an in situ polymerization of MMA in the presence of NanoG with the aid of sonication. The nanocomposites were then dispersed with chloroform (CHCl3) and casted on glass slides to form conducting films. The percolation threshold of PMMA/NanoG conducting films at room temperature was as low as 0.31 vol%, much lower than that of the composites filled with conventional graphite particles. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), selected area diffraction (SAD) and etc. were used to characterize the structure of the graphite nanosheets and the nanocomposites. Results showed that the high-aspect-ratio structure of graphite nanosheets played an important role in forming conducting network in PMMA matrix. The conducting behavior of the composite was interpreted by percolation theory.  相似文献   

9.
An exfoliated layered double hydroxides/poly(methyl methacrylate)(LDHs/PMMA)nanocomposite was prepared by in situ solution polymerization of methyl methacrylate(MMA)in the presence of 4-vinylbenzenesulfonate intercalated LDHs(MgAl-VBS LDHs).MgAl-VBS LDHs was prepared by the ion exchange method,and the structure and composition of the MgA1-VBS LDHs were determined by X-ray diffraction(XRD),infrared spectroscopy and elemental analysis.XRD and transmission electron microscopy(TEM)were employed to examine the structure of LDHs/PMMA nanocomposite.It was indicated that the LDHs layers were well exfoliated and dispersed in the PMMA matrix.The grafting of PMMA onto LDHs was confirmed by the extraction result and the weight fraction of grafted PMMA increased as the weight fraction of LDHs in the nanocomposites increased.  相似文献   

10.
The nano poly(phenylsilsesquioxane) spheres (nano-PPSQ) were prepared by the sol?Cgel method and incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by in situ bulk polymerization of methyl methacrylate. The structure of nano-PPSQ was confirmed by transmission electron microscope and thermogravimetry analysis (TG). The interaction between nano-PPSQ and PMMA was investigated by Fourier transform infrared spectra (FT-IR). The influence of nano-PPSQ on the thermal stability of PMMA was investigated by TG and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) measurements. The results indicated that nano-PPSQ enhanced the thermal stability and the temperatures of glass transition (T g) of nanocomposites. The effect of the heating rate in dynamic measurements (5?C30?°C?min?1) on kinetic parameters such as activation energy by TG both in nitrogen and air was investigated. The Kissinger method was used to determine the apparent activation energy for the degradation of pure PMMA and nanocomposites. The kinetic results showed that the apparent activation energy for degradation of nanocomposites was higher than that of pure PMMA under air.  相似文献   

11.
α-Fe2O3 nanorods were incorporated into poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) by in situ radical polymerisation of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile. The α-Fe2O3 nanorods were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of FeCl3 and structural characterization was performed by X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The molar mass and the polydispersity index of synthesized PMMA samples were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The content of residual monomer was determined by 1H NMR spectroscopy. The influence of α-Fe2O3 nanorods on the thermal stability of the polymer was investigated using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The molar mass and polydispersity index of PMMA were dependent on the content of α-Fe2O3 nanorods. The values of the glass transition temperature of the nanocomposites were lower compared to pure PMMA. Also, the thermal stability of nanocomposites in nitrogen and air was different from that of pure PMMA.  相似文献   

12.
A facile and cost-effective method to prepare poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/graphene oxide (GO) nanocomposites was developed by in situ polymerization. By using thermal-initiated and GO-initiated polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA), no extra radical initiator was added during the reaction. Without any pre-functionalization of GO, PMMA chains were covalently bonded to its surface, which was confirmed by Fourier-transform infrared, atomic force microscopy, transmission electron microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy investigations. TGA analysis showed that the mass ratio of grafted PMMA and GO was as high as 1.7. Transmission electron microscopy and X-ray powder diffraction investigations demonstrated that the grafting of PMMA chains to GO surfaces resulted in homogeneous dispersion of GO sheets in PMMA matrix, which led to a commendable performance on its mechanical and thermal properties. Dynamic mechanical analysis showed that, at a loading level of just 0.5 wt% for the nanocomposites, the storage modulus of the nanocomposites was improved 14%, and the glass transition temperature was increased 12°C in comparison with that of neat PMMA. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the onset degradation temperature of the nanocomposites was increased 13°C with a GO content of 0.25 wt%.  相似文献   

13.
Nanocomposites based on poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) and TiO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by in situ radical polymerization of MMA in solution. The surface of TiO2 nanoparticles was modified with four gallic acid esters (octyl, decyl, lauryl and cetyl gallate). The content of gallates present on the surface of TiO2 was calculated from the TGA results. The influence of length of hydrophobic tail of amphiphilic alkyl gallates on dispersability of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles in PMMA matrix, the molecular weight and glass transition temperature of PMMA, as well as the thermal stability of the prepared PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites in nitrogen and air was investigated. The influence of content of TiO2 nanoparticles on the properties of these nanocomposites was also examined. The formation of a charge transfer complex between the surface Ti atoms and the gallates was confirmed by FTIR and UV spectroscopy. TEM micrographs of the PMMA/TiO2 nanocomposites revealed that degree of TiO2 aggregation can be significantly lowered by increasing the length of aliphatic part of the used gallates. The molecular weight of PMMA slightly decreases with the increase of TiO2 content, indicating that used TiO2 nanoparticles act as radical scavengers during the polymerization of MMA. The presence of surface modified TiO2 nanoparticles do not have an influence on the mobility of PMMA chain segments leading to the same values of glass transition temperature for all investigated samples. Thermal and thermo-oxidative stability of the PMMA matrix are improved by introducing TiO2 nanoparticles modified with gallates.  相似文献   

14.
Surface modified silver nanoparticles dispersed in chloroform were encapsulated in poly(methylmethacrylate) (PMMA) by in-situ radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate initiated by 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile. The particle size distribution of colloidal silver nanoparticles was determined using transmission electron microscopy. The obtained transparent nanocomposite films were characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, 1H NMR spectroscopy and gel permeation chromatography. Effective medium Maxwell-Garnett theory was used in order to explain optical properties of nanocomposite films taking into account inhomogeneous spatial distribution of silver nanoparticles in PMMA matrix. The influence of the silver nanoparticles on the thermal properties of the PMMA matrix was investigated using thermo-gravimetric analysis and differential scanning calorimetry. Thermo-oxidative stability of the PMMA in the presence of low content of inorganic phase is significantly improved. The glass transition temperatures of nanocomposites are slightly lower compared to the pure polymer.  相似文献   

15.
The nanocomposites of polyamide 6 (PA6)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA)/non-functionalized and functionalized [carboxylic acid (COOH) and hydroxyl (OH)] single wall carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) were prepared in mass ratios of 79.5/19.5/1, 49.5/49.5/1, and 19.5/79.5/1 by melt–mixing method at 230 °C. The PA6/PMMA blends with mass ratios of 80/20, 50/50, and 20/80 served as references. The Fourier transform infrared analyses of nanocomposites showed the formation of hydrogen bond interactions among PA6, PMMA, and OH and COOH functional groups of SWCNTs. The nanocomposites and blends had higher thermal stability with respect to the PMMA. The differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) curves showed that the nanocomposites and blends exhibited two T g values at around 51 and 126 °C for PA6 and PMMA, respectively. About 20 °C early crystallization was observed in nanocomposites compared to the blends. The dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) results suggested that among all the compositions of blends and nanocomposites, storage modulus (E′) was higher for PMMA-rich blends and nanocomposites. At 25 °C, the E′ values were higher for blends and nanocomposites compared to the neat PA6. The tan δ curves indicated that the more heterogeneity of the hybrid nature resulted in PA6/PMMA/SWCNTs-OH or SWCNTs-COOH with 79.5/19.5/1 mass ratio nanocomposites compared to the PA6/PMMA with 80/20 mass ratio blend. The higher T g values of PA6 and PMMA were observed in DMA studies compared to the DSC studies for PA6 and PMMA as neat and in blends and nanocomposites. The significant improvements in crystallization of nanocomposites were considered resulting from achieving better compatibility among the polymer components and carbon nanotubes.  相似文献   

16.
Pristine multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWNTs) were incorporated into poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA), and PVDF/PMMA blends to achieve binary and ternary nanocomposites. MWNTs were more compatible with the PVDF matrix than with the PMMA-containing matrices. MWNT addition did not alter the development of α-form PVDF crystals in the binary/ternary composites. Nucleation and overall isothermal crystallization of PVDF were enhanced by the presence of MWNTs, and enhancements were optimal in the PVDF/MWNT binary composites. Avrami analysis revealed that addition of MWNTs led to more extensive athermal-type nucleation of PVDF, and that PMMA slightly decreased the crystal growth dimension of PVDF. The equilibrium melting temperature (Tm°) of PVDF increased in the binary composites but remained nearly constant in the ternary system. Thermal stability was enhanced in the binary/ternary composites, and enhancements were more evident in the air environment than in nitrogen. Rheological property measurements revealed that the intensely entangled chains of high-molecular weight PVDF dominated the rheological response of PVDF-included samples in the melt state. A (pseudo)network structure was developed in each of the PVDF-included samples as well as in the 1 phr MWNT-added PMMA/MWNT composite. The storage moduli of the PVDF, PMMA, and PVDF/PMMA:1/1 blend increased to 37%, 22% and 34%, respectively, at 40 °C after addition of 1 phr MWNT.  相似文献   

17.
Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT)/poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) nanocomposites were synthesized by the in situ reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer (RAFT) polymerization of methyl methacrylate (MMA) in the presence of MWCNTs, at which the bulk polymer was grafted onto the surface of nanotubes through the ??grafting through?? strategy. For this purpose, MWCNTs were formerly functionalized with polymerizable MMA groups. MMA and PMMA-grafted MWCNTs were characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). Dissolution of nanotubes was examined in chloroform solvent and studied by UV?Cvis spectroscopy. Thermogravimetric and degradation behavior of prepared nanocomposites was investigated by TGA. MWCNTs had a noticeable boosting effect on the thermal stability of nanocomposites. TGA thermograms showed a two-step weight loss pattern for the degradation of MWCNT-PMMA/PMMA nanocomposites which is contrast with neat PMMA. Introduction of MWCNTs also improved the dynamic mechanical behavior and electrical conductivity of nanocomposites. TEM micrograph of nanocomposite revealed that the applied methods for functionalization of nanotubes and in situ synthesis of nanocomposites were comparatively successful in dispersing the MWCNTs in PMMA matrix.  相似文献   

18.
To have a better insight into the effect of interaction between polymer matrix and clay on the properties of nanocomposite, poly(methyl methacrylate)/clay nanocomposites were prepared by a heterocoagulation method. Using a reactive cationic emulsifier, methacryloyloxyethyltrimethyl ammonium chloride (METAC), a strong polymer–clay interaction was obtained with the advantage of keeping a consistent polymer matrix property. X‐ray diffraction and transmission electronic microscopy indicated an exfoliated structure in nanocomposites. The glass transition temperature (Tg) of the nanocomposites was measured by DSC and DMA. The DMA results showed that with a strong interaction, PMMA–METAC nanocomposite showed a 20 °C enhancement in glass transition temperature (Tg), whereas a slight increase in Tg was observed for PMMA–cetyl trimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)/clay nanocomposite with a weak interaction. © 2010 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Polym Sci Part B: Polym Phys 48: 733–738, 2010  相似文献   

19.
Developing conductive networks in a polymer matrix with a low percolation threshold and excellent mechanical properties is desired for soft electronics applications. In this work, natural rubber (NR) functionalized with poly(methyl methacrylate) (PMMA) was prepared for strong interfacial interactions with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNT), resulting in excellent performance of the natural rubber nanocomposites. The MWCNT and methyl methacrylate functional groups gave good filler dispersion, conductivity and tensile properties. The filler network in the matrix was studied with microscopy and from its non-linear viscoelasticity. The Maier-Göritze approach revealed that MWCNT network formation was favored in the NR functionalized with PMMA, with reduced electrical and mechanical percolation thresholds. The obvious improvement in physical performance of MWCNT/methyl methacrylate functionalized natural rubber nanocomposites was caused by interfacial interactions and reduced filler agglomeration in the NR matrix. The modification of NR with poly(methyl methacrylate) and MWCNT filler was demonstrated as an effective pathway to enhance the mechanical and electrical properties of natural rubber nanocomposites.  相似文献   

20.
Poly(methyl methacrylate)/α-Fe2O3 composites were prepared by in situ bulk radical polymerization of methyl methacrylate in the presence of the cubic α-Fe2O3 particles using 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile as initiator. The cubic α-Fe2O3 particles were synthesized by forced hydrolysis of FeCl3 and characterized by X-ray diffraction analysis and transmission electron microscopy. The molar masses and molar mass distribution of synthesized PMMA samples were determined by gel permeation chromatography. The influence of α-Fe2O3 filler particles on the thermal properties of the PMMA matrix was investigated using thermogravimetry and differential scanning calorimetry. The molar mass and polydispersity of PMMA extracted from composite samples were not influenced by cubic α-Fe2O3 particles. The obtained composites have better thermal and thermooxidative stability than pure PMMA. On the other hand, the values of the glass transition temperature of composite samples were identical to the glass transition temperature of pure PMMA.  相似文献   

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