Inter-Well Coupling and Resonant Tunneling Modes of MultipleGraphene Quantum Wells

We investigate the inter-well coupling of multiple graphene quantum well structures consisting of graphene superlattices with different periodic potentials. The general form of the eigenlevel equation for the bound states of the quantum well is expressed in terms of the transfer matrix elements. It is found that the electronic transmission exhibits resonant tunneling peaks at the eigenlevels of the bound states and shifts to the higher energy with increasing the incident angle. If there are N coupled quantum wells, the resonant modes have N-fold splitting. The peaks of resonant tunneling can be controlled by modulating the graphene barriers.     

表面偶极子对扫描电子显微镜共振电子注入的影响

用共振电子注入法和第一性原理计算研究了硒(Se)单原子在Si(111)-7×7表面的吸附. 理论结果表明由于不同的电负性,表面Si原子会向吸附的Se原子发生电子转移,从而导致一个0.61 eV的表面偶极子形成. 该表面偶极子改变了Si表面的有效隧道能垒同时导致在样品和扫描电子显微镜针尖之间真空间隙中共振态能级的移动. 并且0.61 eV的表面偶极子会引起共振电子注入偏压向高电位移动0.45 V.     

Au(111)表面单个钴酞菁分子的去氢过程

利用低温超高真空扫描隧道显微镜对单个钴酞菁分子实现了选键化学反应.通过对吸附于Au(111)表面的单个钴酞菁分子外围H原子的"剪裁",并用实验图像和谱学方法,结合第一性原理理论计算研究了逐步去除钴酞菁分子8个外围H原子的过程.理论计算结果再现了实验中所观测到的分子空间构型的变化,并阐明了吸附体系中局域自旋的恢复和变化过程.     

Time-resolved two-photon photoemission of buried interface states in Ar/Cu(100)

We demonstrate the existence of buried image-potential states at the interface between thick Ar films and a Cu(100) substrate. The electron dynamics of these solid-solid interface states, energetically located above the vacuum level in the band gaps of both materials, could be investigated with time-resolved two-photon photoemission for an Ar layer thickness up to 200 A. Relaxation on time scales between 40 and 200 fs occurs via two distinct channels, resonant tunneling through the insulating layer into the vacuum and electron-hole pair decay in the metal.     

Cold atoms in non-Abelian gauge potentials: from the Hofstadter "moth" to lattice gauge theory

We demonstrate how to create artificial external non-Abelian gauge potentials acting on cold atoms in optical lattices. The method employs atoms with k internal states, and laser assisted state sensitive tunneling, described by unitary k x k matrices. The single-particle dynamics in the case of intense U2 vector potentials lead to a generalized Hofstadter butterfly spectrum which shows a complex mothlike structure. We discuss the possibility to realize non-Abelian interferometry (Aharonov-Bohm effect) and to study many-body dynamics of ultracold matter in external lattice gauge fields.     

电场下用扫描隧道显微镜对针尖原子扩散的观察

用扫描隧道显微镜（STM）研究了在金针尖和金样品间施加大偏压时所发生的各种不同的现象．在缓变大偏压的作用下，观察到针尖原子会发生场致扩散，导致针尖形状发生变化，并且还观察到了场发射和共振隧穿现象．提出了针尖原子的场致扩散是偏压电场使针尖表面极化引起的这一机理，并且指出了这种场致扩散在用大脉冲偏压作表面加工中起着重要的作用 关键词：     

Effect of frequency dependent electron-electron interaction on resonant tunneling

In electron resonant tunneling through a double barrier structure, we show that dynamical electron-electron interactions in the resonant well can give rise to additional tunneling satellites due to collective electronic excitations. We present a first principle treatment for frequency-dependent electron-electron interactions in the resonant tunneling problem. The result confirms the previously proposed plasmon assisted resonant tunneling mechanism. We also find that the particle-hole excitation has very little effect on resonant tunneling. Our result can be applied to study the effects of various electronic excitations on the resonant tunneling of electrons.     

Heat generation properties determined by chemical potentials

We investigate the current-induced heat generation in a quantum dot (QD) coupled to four spin chemical potentials, which originate from the magnetic pumping field applied on the QD. Both resonant and non-resonant electron tunneling process is analyzed. It is found that the heat generation characteristic is mainly determined by the two spin chemical potentials lying nearest to the dot level. In particular, when the difference of this two potentials is less than two phonon energy, the heat generation exhibits quantum properties, unique behavior to nanosystems and absent in macroscopic bulks.     

Polarization squeezing with cold atoms

We study the interaction of a nearly resonant linearly polarized laser beam with a cloud of cold cesium atoms in a high finesse optical cavity. We show theoretically and experimentally that the cross-Kerr effect due to the saturation of the optical transition produces quadrature squeezing on both the mean field and the orthogonally polarized vacuum mode. An interpretation of this vacuum squeezing as polarization squeezing is given and a method for measuring quantum Stokes parameters for weak beams via a local oscillator is developed.     

Adsorption-activated resonant photoemission

Photoemission induced by vacuum ultraviolet resonance radiation of xenon atoms from the surface of a solid in vacuum and in the case of a target in contact with a gas has been experimentally studied. It has been demonstrated that the photoemission response increases strongly (up to an order of magnitude) under the adsorption (or implantation) of gas atoms into the target when vacuum ultraviolet radiation resonantly acts on these atoms. This is due to different mechanisms of photoemission from the surface of the solid in vacuum and from the surface in contact with the gas. The notion of activated resonant photoemission has been introduced.     

Experimental analysis of resonant tunneling transit time using high-frequency characteristics of resonant tunneling transistors

We systematically estimate the resonant tunneling transit time from the high-frequency characteristics of resonant tunneling transistors. It is found that the transit time across an InGaAs/InAlAs resonant tunneling structure is more than one order of magnitude shorter than that for GaAs/AlAs with the same barrier layer thickness. In addition, the obtained times agree reasonably well with calculated phase time. It is probably the elastic resonance width and not the inelastic scattering effect that mainly determines the resonant tunneling transit time.     

偶数个多原子Greenberger-Horne-Zerlinger态的制备

提出了一种制备偶数个多原子Greenberger-Horne-Zerlinger态的方案,它是基于原子-腔场相互作用.首先n个分离的腔初始时处于真空态,通过双光子转移,把n个腔制备成数态|2>和真空态|o>的缠结态.随后,与腔场发生共振相互作用的2n个等同的原子被分别送入n个腔,通过相互作用后,2n个原子处于GHZ态,而n个腔仍然处于真空态.     

Gate-tunable valley-filter based on suspended graphene with double magnetic barrier structures

We theoretically investigate the effects of strain-induced pseudomagnetic fields on the transmission probability and the ballistic conductance for Dirac fermion transport in suspended graphene. We show that resonant tunneling through double magnetic barriers can be tuned by strain in the suspended region. The valley-resolved transmission peaks are apparently distinguishable owing to the sharpness of the resonant tunneling. With the specific strain, the resonant tunneling is completely suppressed for Dirac fermions occupying the one valley, but the resonant tunneling exists for the other valley. The valley-filtering effect is expected to be measurable by strain engineering. The proposed system can be used to fabricate a graphene valley filter with the large valley polarization almost 100%.     

Atomic Landau-Zener tunneling in Fourier-synthesized optical lattices

We report on an experimental study of quantum transport of atoms in variable periodic optical potentials. The band structure of both ratchet-type asymmetric and symmetric lattice potentials is explored. The variable atom potential is realized by superimposing a conventional standing wave potential of lambda/2 spatial periodicity with a fourth-order multiphoton potential of lambda/4 periodicity. We find that the Landau-Zener tunneling rate between the first and the second excited Bloch band depends critically on the relative phase between the two spatial lattice harmonics.     

Radial compression of an antiproton cloud for production of intense antiproton beams

We report here the radial compression of a large number of antiprotons ( approximately 5 x 10(5)) in a strong magnetic field under ultrahigh vacuum conditions by applying a rotating electric field. Compression without any resonant structures was demonstrated for a range of frequencies from the sideband frequency of 200 kHz to more than 1000 kHz. The radial compression achieved is a key technique for synthesizing and manipulating antihydrogen atoms and antiprotonic atoms.     

Imaging and tunneling spectroscopy of individual iron adsorbates at room temperature

We have imaged for the first time individual atoms and small clusters of metal species on a metal substrate at room temperature by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The system we have studied is Fe on W(110), for which a carbon-induced (15×3)-reconstruction of the W(110) substrate has been found to prevent surface diffusion of Fe atoms at 300 K. Upon positioning the STM-tip above individual Fe adsorbates, local tunneling spectra could be obtained. A pronounced empty-state peak at 0.5 eV above the Fermi level has been found, characteristic for individual Fe adsorbates. This peak can serve as a fingerprint for the identification of Fe adsorbate species.     

Experimental realization of strong effective magnetic fields in optical superlattice potentials

We present the experimental generation of large effective magnetic fields for ultracold atoms using photon-assisted tunneling in an optical superlattice. The underlying method does not rely on the internal structure of the atoms and, therefore, constitutes a general approach to realize widely tunable artificial gauge fields without the drawbacks of near-resonant optical potentials. When hopping in the lattice, the accumulated phase shift by an atom is equivalent to the Aharonov–Bohm phase of a charged particle exposed to a staggered magnetic field of large magnitude, on the order of one flux quantum per plaquette. We study the ground state of this system and observe that the frustration induced by the magnetic field can lead to a degenerate ground state for non-interacting particles. We provide a local measurement of the phase acquired by single particles due to photon-assisted tunneling. Furthermore, the quantum cyclotron orbit of single atoms in the lattice exposed to the effective magnetic field is directly revealed.     

Imaging and tunneling spectroscopy of individual iron adsorbates at room temperature

We have imaged for the first time individual atoms and small clusters of metal species on a metal substrate at room temperature by means of a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) operated under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. The system we have studied is Fe on W(110), for which a carbon-induced (15×3)-reconstruction of the W(110) substrate has been found to prevent surface diffusion of Fe atoms at 300 K. Upon positioning the STM-tip above individual Fe adsorbates, local tunneling spectra could be obtained. A pronounced empty-state peak at 0.5 eV above the Fermi level has been found, characteristic for individual Fe adsorbates. This peak can serve as a fingerprint for the identification of Fe adsorbate species.     

四原子Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger态的制备

提出了一种制备四原子Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger 态的方案,它是基于原子-腔场相互作用,首先两个分离的腔初始时处于真空态,通过双光子转移把两个腔制备成缠结态。随后,与腔场发生共振相互作用的4 个等同的原子被分别送入两个腔,通过相互作用后,4 个原子处于GHZ态,而两个腔仍然处于真空态。     

Quantum box resonant tunneling spectroscopy: Experiments and modelisation

We have calculated the potential profile and the electronic levels in resonant tunneling double barrier structures with nanometric lateral dimensions (≤ 500 nm) for various contact doping. At biases for which the box states (laterally confined quantum well) are resonant with the emitter Fermi level, fine structures are expected in the resonant tunneling current. Comparison with I(V) characteristics measured on nanometric GaAs/GaAlAs and GaAs/GaAlAs/InGaAs resonant tunneling diodes shows that our model accounts for the resonance bias voltage and explains the shape of the current peak. The fine structure observed in the current peak provides a spectroscopy of the confined states in the quantum box.