Counting Horoballs and Rational Geodesics

Let M be a geometrically finite pinched negatively curved Riemannianmanifold with at least one cusp. The asymptotics of the numberof geodesics in M starting from and returning to a given cusp,and of the number of horoballs at parabolic fixed points inthe universal cover of M, are studied in this paper. The caseof SL(2, Z), and of Bianchi groups, is developed. 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 53C22, 11J06, 30F40, 11J70.     

Bounded Rank Subgroups of Coxeter Groups, Artin Groups and One-Relator Groups with Torsion

We obtain a number of results regarding the freeness of subgroupsof Coxeter groups, Artin groups and one-relator groups withtorsion. In the case of Coxeter groups, we also obtain resultson quasiconvexity and subgroup separability. 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 20F65, 20F55, 20F36, 20F06.     

On a Problem of P. Hall about Groups Isomorphic to all their Non-Trivial Normal Subgroups

A scheme of construction of infinite groups, other than simplegroups, free groups of infinite rank and the infinite cyclicgroup, which are isomorphic to all their non-trivial normalsubgroups is presented. Some results about the automorphismgroups of simple infinite groups are also obtained. In particular,it is proved that there is an infinite group G of any sufficientlylarge prime exponent p (or which is torsion-free) all of whoseproper subgroups are cyclic, and such that the groups Aut Gand Out G are isomorphic. The proofs use the technique of gradeddiagrams developed by A. Yu. Ol'shanskii. 1991 Mathematics SubjectClassification: 20F05, 20F06.     

How and Why to Solve the Operator Equation AX-XB = Y

The entities A, B, X, Y in the title are operators, by whichwe mean either linear transformations on a finite-dimensionalvector space (matrices) or bounded (= continuous) linear transformationson a Banach space. (All scalars will be complex numbers.) Thedefinitions and statements below are valid in both the finite-dimensionaland the infinite-dimensional cases, unless the contrary is stated.1991 Mathematics Subject Classification 15A24, 47A10, 47A62,47B47, 47B49, 65F15, 65F30.     

Holomorphic Almost Modular Forms

Holomorphic almost modular forms are holomorphic functions ofthe complex upper half plane that can be approximated arbitrarilywell (in a suitable sense) by modular forms of congruence subgroupsof large index in SL(2,Z). It is proved that such functionshave a rotation-invariant limit distribution when the argumentapproaches the real axis. An example of a holomorphic almostmodular form is the logarithm of . The paper is motivated by the author's previous studies [Int.Math. Res. Not. 39 (2003) 2131–2151] on the connectionbetween almost modular functions and the distribution of thesequence n²x modulo one. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification11F11 (primary), 11F06, 11J71 (secondary).     

Polynomial Dehn Functions and the Length of Asynchronously Automatic Structures

We extend the range of observed behaviour among length functionsof optimal asynchronously automatic structures. We do so bymeans of a construction that yields asynchronously automaticgroups with finite aspherical presentations where the Dehn functionof the group is polynomial of arbitrary degree. Many of thesegroups can be embedded in the automorphism group of a free group.Moreover, the fact that the groups have aspherical presentationsmakes them useful tools in the search to determine the spectrumof exponents for second order Dehn functions. We contributeto this search by giving the first exact calculations of groupswith quadratic and superquadratic exponents. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 20F06, 20F65, 20F69.     

Infinite Simple (2, 3, n)-Groups and Congruence Hulls in the Modular Group

We prove that if n > 66 and (n, 30) = 1, then there existuncountably many infinite simple (2, 3, n)- groups, that is,groups generated by a pair of elements x, y, say, where theorders of x, y and xy are 2, 3 and n, respectively. This extendsprevious results of Schupp and the authors. These results are used to prove the existence of subgroups ofthe modular group with special arithmetic properties. 1991 MathematicsSubject Classification 20F06.     

Existence of Feller Cocycles on a C*-Algebra

The quantum stochastic differential equation is considered on a unital C^*-algebra, with separablenoise dimension space. Necessary conditions on the matrix ofbounded linear maps for the existence of a completely positivecontractive solution are shown to be sufficient. It is knownthat for completely positive contraction processes, k satisfiessuch an equation if and only if k is a regular Markovian cocycle.‘Feller’ refers to an invariance condition analogousto probabilistic terminology if the algebra is thought of asa non-commutative topological space. 2000 Mathematics SubjectClassification 81S25, 46L07, 46L53, 47D06.     

Modular Subgroup Arithmetic and a Theorem of Philip Hall

A surprising relationship is established in this paper, betweenthe behaviour modulo a prime p of the number S_n G of index nsubgroups in a group G, and that of the corresponding subgroupnumbers for a normal subgroup in G normal subgroup in p-powerorder. The proof relies, among other things, on a twisted versiondue to Philip Hall of Frobenius' theorem concerning the equationx^m=1 in finite groups. One of the applications of this result,presented here, concerns the explicit determination modulo pof S_n G in the case when G is the fundamental group of a treeof groups all of whose vertex groups are cyclic of p-power order.Furthermore, a criterion is established (by a different technique)for the function S_n G to be periodic modulo p. 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 20E06, 20F99 (primary); 05A15, 05E99(secondary).     

On {sigma}-Normal C*-Algebras

A C*-algebra A is said to be monotone (respectively monotone-) complete if every increasing net (respectively increasingsequence) of elements in the ordered space A_h of all hermitianelements of A has a supremum in A_h. It is straightforward toverify that every monotone complete C*-algebra is an AW*-algebra.For type I AW*-algebras, the converse is known to be true. However,for general AW*-algebras, this question is still open, althoughan impressive attack on the problem was made by E. Christensenand G. K. Pedersen, who showed that properly infinite AW*-algebrasare monotone -complete [4]. 1991 Mathematics Subject Classification46L05, 46L06.     

Some Characterizations of Commutative Subspace Lattices

Let H be a not necessarily separable Hilbert space, and letBH denote the space of all bounded linear operators on H. Itis proved that a commutative lattice D of self-adjoint projectionsin H that contains 0 and I is spatially complete if and onlyif it is a closed subset of BH in the strong operator topology.Some related results are obtained concerning commutative lattice-orderedcones of self-adjoint operators that contain D. 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 47D03, 47L35, 47L07, 46L10, 54F05, 54G05,46E05.     

Infinitesimal Liouville Distributions for Teichmuller space

We consider an arbitrary Riemann surface X, possibly of infinitehyperbolic area. The Liouville measure of the hyperbolic metricdefines a measure on the space of geodesics of the universal covering of X. As we vary the Riemann surface structure,this gives an embedding from the Teichmuller space of X intothe Fréchet space of Hölder distributions on G. We show that the embedding is continuouslydifferentiable. In particular, we obtain an explicit integralrepresentation of the tangent map. 2000 Mathematics SubjectClassification 30F60, 32G15 (primary), 46F99 (secondary).     

Quasiconformal Deformations and Volume Growth

We determine when a metric measure space admits a uniformizingdensity which has Ahlfors regular volume growth. A characterizationof uniformizing conformal densities in terms of doubling anda lifting procedure are the key ingredients in our presentation.We also furnish an application characterizing metric doublingmeasures. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 30C65 (primary),20F67, 30F45, 51F99 (secondary).     

Uniform Families of Polynomial Equations Over a Finite Field and Structures Admitting an Euler Characteristic of Definable Sets

Over a fixed finite field F_p, families of polynomial equations for i = 1,..., k_N, that areuniformly determined by a parameter N, are considered. The notionof a uniform family is defined in terms of first-order logic.A notion of an abstract Euler characteristic is used to givesense to a statement that the system has a solution for infiniteN, and a statement linking the solvability of a linear systemfor infinite N with its solvability for finite N is proved.This characterisation is used to formulate a criterion yieldingdegree lower bounds for various ideal membership proof systems(for example, Nullstellensatz and the polynomial calculus).Further, several results about Euler structures (structureswith an abstract Euler characteristic) are proved, and the caseof fields, in particular, is investigated more closely. 1991Mathematics Subject Classification: primary 03F20, 12L12, 15A06;secondary 03C99, 12E12, 68Q15, 13L05.     

Mackey Functors and Control of Fusion

This paper presents an algebraic approach to Mislin's theoremthat control of p-fusion is equivalent to inducing a mod-p cohomologyisomorphism. There are consequences for the cohomology of p-permutationmodules. 2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 20J06 (primary),20C05 (secondary).     

Uniform Embeddings of Free Products into Uniformly Convex Banach Spaces

Let A and B be countable discrete groups, and let = A * B betheir free product. We show that if A and B are uniformly embeddableinto a uniformly convex Banach space, then so is . 2000 MathematicsSubject Classification 46L89, 20F65.     

A Joint Functional Calculus for Sectorial Operators with Commuting Resolvents

In this paper we study the notion of joint functional calculusassociated with a couple of resolvent commuting sectorial operatorson a Banach space X. We present some positive results when Xis, for example, a Banach lattice or a quotient of subspacesof a B-convex Banach lattice. Furthermore, we develop a notionof a generalized H-functional calculus associated with the extensionto (H) of a sectorial operator on a B-convex Banach lattice, where H is a Hilbert space. We apply our results to a newconstruction of operators with a bounded H-functional calculusand to the maximal regularity problem. 1991 Mathematics SubjectClassification: 47A60, 47D06, 46C15.     

Continuous Bundles of C*-Algebras with Discontinuous Tensor Products

For each non-exact C*-algebra A and infinite compact Hausdorffspace X there exists a continuous bundle B of C*-algebras onX such that the minimal tensor product bundle AB is discontinuous.The bundle B can be chosen to be unital with constant simplefibre. When X is metrizable, B can also be chosen to be separable.As a corollary, a C*-algebra A is exact if and only if A Bis continuous for all unital continuous C*-bundles B on a giveninfinite compact Hausdorff base space. The key to proving theseresults is showing that for a non-exact C*-algebra A there existsa separable unital continuous C*-bundle B on [0,1] such thatA B is continuous on [0,1] and discontinuous at 1, a counter-intuitiveresult. For a non-exact C*-algebra A and separable C*-bundleB on [0,1], the set of points of discontinuity of A B in [0,1]can be of positive Lebesgue measure, and even of measure 1.2000 Mathematics Subject Classification 46L06 (primary), 46L35(secondary).     

A Banach Space Whose Operator Algebra has K0-Group Q

We construct a Banach space X whose algebra of bounded linearoperators has K0-group the additive group of rational numbers.We achieve this using a Gowers-Maurey space. 2000 Mathematical Subject Classification: 20F36, 55P35, 55Q05,55Q40, 55U10