Gd@C82(OH)16的合成及其核磁共振成像

采用电弧放电法合成和HPLC 2步分离法,得到了纯度为95％以上的Gd@C82。以四丁基氢氧化铵(TBAH)为催化剂,用NaOH溶液对Gd@C82进行羟基衍生化,并利用同步辐射XPS分析其C(12)确定Gd@C82羟基化产物的羟基数,得到水溶性的Gd@C82(OH)16。对Gd@C82(OH)16进行了体外弛豫率及体内的核磁共振成像研究。结果表明,与(NMG)2-Gd-DTPA相比,在相同Gd浓度下,Gd@C82(OH)16的质子弛豫率R1提高约3倍,R2提高约7倍。体内核磁成像结果也显示,Gd@C82(OH)16提高了核磁成像对比的效果,其信号在2 h内维持稳定。说明Gd@C82(OH)16在作为磁共振增强剂方面具有较大的潜力。     

水溶性金属勒烯衍生物的合成和表征

金属富勒烯具有表面积大(2 nm2)、整体电中性、金属离子的解离常数Kd为0等独特的性质, 在医学上具有重要的应用价值[1～7]. 要将其用于生物体系, 需引入亲水基团. 水溶性Gd@C82(OH)x已被证实是一种比临床上应用的GdDTPA更好的核磁成像造影剂(其弛豫率比GdDTPA高20倍[7]), 并有望用作放射性示踪剂和放射性药物等, 且在生物体内外具有稳定性[2～6], 是生物医学上很有吸引力的材料. 本文在高效合成、分离纯化 Gd@C82的基础上合成了其多羟基衍生物、多取代氨基酸衍生物和多取代氨基磺酸衍生物, 并作了初步分析.     

氨基苯甲酸修饰的DTPA螯合物及其弛豫性能

用邻-、对-氨基苯甲酸修饰二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA),分别得到两种分子中携带芳香基团的双酰胺型DTPA衍生物,合成了它们的顺磁性金属离子螯合物,并研究了其中部分螯合物的inuitroNMRT₁弛豫率(R₁).结果表明,Gd(Ⅲ)DTPA-B4ABA^2-和GdDTPA-B2ABA^2-对水质子的弛豫率R₁分别为5.5和5.4L·mmol^-1·s^-1,接近相应的母体螯合物GdDTPA^2-的R₁值5.2L·mmol^-1·s^-1.     

多胺多羧酸双吡哆醇酯顺磁性金属螯合物及其弛豫性能研究

由二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)双酸酐和乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)双酸酐与维生素B₆族化合物吡哆醇(PN)或其衍生物合成了一系列新型的多胺多羧酸双吡哆醇酯衍生物及其钆(Ⅲ)、锰(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)等顺磁性金属螯合物,研究了其中钆(Ⅲ)和锰(Ⅱ)螯合物在体外水溶液中对水质子的纵向弛豫性能(R₁).结果表明,所有配体和配合物均有很好的水溶性,且对光和空气稳定.螯合物的弛豫率(T₁)可与其母体螯合物相媲美,如钆-二乙三胺五乙酸二吡哆醇酯(GdDTPA-BPN)和锰-乙二胺四乙酸二吡哆醇酯(MnEDTA-BPN)的弛豫率R₁分别为5.5和3.1L·mmol^-1·s^-1,与其母体螯合物GdDTPA^2-和MnEDTA^2-的R₁值(5.2和2.8L·mmol^-1·s^-1)相当.     

科学家发现“狙击”肿瘤干细胞碳纳米材料

<正>中科院高能物理研究所国家纳米科学中心纳米生物效应与安全性重点实验室和中国科学技术大学生命学院合作,研究发现金属富勒醇Gd@C82(OH)22碳纳米材料可高效抑制三阴性乳腺癌干细胞的自我更新能力,Gd@C82(OH)22通过调控肿瘤微环境阻断细胞从上皮样(EMT)到间质样(MET)的转换,实现高效清除肿瘤干细胞,终止肿瘤发生和转移。研究成果已发表于《自然-通讯》。肿瘤干细胞是导致癌症复发、转移及化疗和放疗耐药根源。寻找能有效靶向"狙击"肿瘤干细胞     

CS2与亚硝酸水溶液复相体系的激光闪光光解

利用激光光解-瞬态吸收技术研究了氮气饱和条件下CS2与亚硝酸水溶液复相体系的355nm光解机理.瞬态吸收光谱分析结果表明:CS2与·OH自由基快反应生成CS2OH,产生的CS2OH继续与HONO反应生成CS2OH-HONO加合物,其吸收峰分别为285,305,475,490和980nm,反应CS2OH+HONOCS2OH-HONO的二级速率常数为(2.79±0.05)×108L/(mol·s);230nm处的吸收峰归属为CS2NO+,其一级衰减速率常数为1.28×105s-1.     

脉冲辐解研究吩噻嗪与CCl3OO·、·OH的反应

采用纳秒级脉冲辐解技术研究了吩噻嗪与CCl₃OO^·、^·OH的反应, 提出了相应的反应机理, 得到了相关的反应速率常数. 研究结果表明: 吩噻嗪与CCl₃OO^·、^·OH反应得到的瞬态产物的最大吸收峰都位于380 nm左右, 该吸收峰归属于CCl₃OO^·、^·OH夺取吩噻嗪氮原子上的氢而产生的吩噻嗪氮自由基. 吩噻嗪与CCl₃OO^·、^·OH反应的速率常数分别为1.1×10⁹和4.0×10⁹ L·mol^-1·s^-1. 这些结果将为进一步研究吩噻嗪的抗氧化活性提供理论基础.     

355 nm光诱发的水体中HNO2与C6H5Br交叉反应机理

利用激光闪光光解技术研究了有氧、无氧条件下HNO2-C6H5Br-H2O体系的光化学反应. 研究结果表明, HNO2与C6H5Br的光化学反应由HNO2光解产生·OH自由基引发, ·OH与C6H5Br反应生成C6H5Br…OH, 反应速率常数为(8.1±0.7)×109 L·mol-1·s-1. C6H5Br…OH可被HNO2或O2氧化. C6H5Br…OH 与HNO2的二级反应速率常数为(3.0±0.5)×107 L·mol-1·s-1, 比C6H5Br…OH与O2的反应速率常数(4.0±0.6)×108 L·mol-1·s-1小, C6H5Br…OH与O2生成的C6H5Br…OHO2以(2.4±0.1)×104 s-1 的速率单分子衰减. 气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)分析表明, C6H5Br…OH 与HNO2或O2作用可形成多种含硝基的化合物或醌类物质.     

钆基富勒烯磁共振成像分子影像探针的研究进展

含有顺磁性金属钆离子及钆团簇的内嵌金属富勒烯(如Gd@C82,Gd@C60和Gd3 N@C80)及其衍生物是一类高效的MRI分子影像探针,其造影效率远优于传统钆基螯合物造影剂.重要的是,碳笼的高度稳定性保护了内嵌团簇,使之免受体内代谢物质的进攻和防止了外泄,从而大大提高了其生物安全性.同时,碳笼还是其它生物活性物质或分子影像探针的有效载体,易赋予其多功能性,从而提高疾病检测的灵敏度和准确性.本文介绍了多种钆内嵌金属富勒烯分子影像探针的研究进展,讨论了内嵌金属团簇和笼外化学修饰对其弛豫性能的影响,以及不同的功能基团对其生物相容性和动物体内分布的影响,并展望了其兼具多功能分子影像探针载体的应用前景.     

醋酸钯催化甲苯中无配体的 Suzuki 反应

 报道了一种甲苯中醋酸钯催化无配体的 Suzuki 反应体系. 以 K₃PO₄·7H₂O 为碱, 在该体系中可高效进行芳基溴代物和芳基硼酸的 Suzuki 反应, 且具有反应条件温和、无需惰性气体保护等特点. 在 n(ArBr) = 0.5 mmol, n(ArB(OH)₂) = 0.75 mmol, x(Pd(OAc)₂) = 1 mol%, n(K₃PO₄·7H₂O) = 1.0 mmol, v(甲苯) = 2 ml 的优化条件下, 4-溴硝基苯和苯硼酸在 75 °C 反应 5 min, 分离收率即达 99%, TOF 高达 1 188 h?1.     

二乙三胺五乙酸二氢吡啶衍生物的合成及Gd(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅲ),Mn(Ⅱ)配合物的弛豫性能研究

用二乙三胺五乙酸(DTPA)酸酐与二氢吡啶类化合物反应,合成了4种新型的含二氢吡啶基的二乙三胺五乙酸非离子型配体,并进一步合成了其Gd(Ⅲ),Fe(Ⅲ),Mn(Ⅱ)的顺磁性金属配合物.配体和配合物的结构用IR,¹HNMR及元素分析表征.研究了配合物的体外弛豫性能,结果表明,Fe(Ⅲ)和Mn(Ⅱ)配合物弛豫效率R₁ 低于Gd(Ⅲ)配合物的R₁ ,Gd(Ⅲ)配合物的弛豫效率较高,具有作为MRI造影剂的条件.     

355 nm光作用下C6F6-HNO2水溶液的反应机理

利用激光闪光光解-瞬态吸收光谱技术研究了355 nm 光作用下六氟苯(C6F6)-HNO2水溶液的反应机理, 探讨了中间产物及其动力学行为, 并对终产物进行了分析. 实验表明, C6F6可与HNO2光解产生的OH自由基反应生成加合物C6F6…OH, 二级反应速率常数为1.8×109 L·mol -1·s-1, 加合物吸收峰位置在250、270和400 nm处; C6F6…OH 加合物通过消除反应生成C6F5O·, 其表观生成常数为6.1×105 s-1. C6F6…OH与O2复合转化为C6F6OHO2, 二级反应速率常数为2.8×106 L·mol-1·s-1, C6F6OHO2峰位置与C6F6…OH 加合物相似. 终产物分析表明, OH自由基与六氟苯发生消除HF的反应而生成C6F5OH, 有O2时, 还产生四氟醌C6F4O2, 但无论有氧还是无氧体系, 均不发生硝基化反应.     

Synthesis and characterization of nickel(II) bis(alkylthio)salen complexes

NiX2(2-RSC6H4CH=NCH2CH2N=CHC6H4SR-2) (NiX2L; L = 5) (1a, X = Br, R = C6H13; 1b, X = Cl, R = C12H25) and NiX2(2-C6H13SC6H4CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2C6H4SC6H13-2) (NiX2L; L = 6) (2a, X = Br; 2b, X = Cl; 2c, X = OClO3) were prepared from ligands 5 and 6, respectively. The 1:2 metal-ligand complex Ni(OClO3)2(2-RSC6H4CH2NHCH2CH2NHCH2C6H4SR-2)2 3, was obtained from an EtOH solution of 2c. The characterization of paramagnetic 1-3 included single-crystal X-ray diffraction studies of 1a and 3. Complex 2c converted into 3 in the presence of excess ligand 6 in CHCl3.     

Amidines derived from Pt(IV)-mediated nitrile-amino alcohol coupling and their Zn(II)-catalyzed conversion into oxazolines

The reaction between the platinum(IV) complex trans-[PtCl(4)(EtCN)(2)] and the amino alcohols NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH, NH(2)CH(2)CH(Me)OH-(R)-(-), NH(2)CH(Ph)CH(2)OH-(R)-(-), NH(2)CH(Et)CH(2)OH-(R)-(-), NH(2)CH(Et)CH(2)OH-(S)-(+), and NH(2)CH(Pr(n)())CH(2)OH proceeds rapidly at room temperature in CH(2)Cl(2) to furnish the amidine complexes [PtCl(4)(HN=C(Et)NH(arcraise;)OH)(2)] (1-6) in good yield (70-80%). The related reaction between the platinum(II) complex trans-[PtCl(2)(EtCN)(2)] and monoethanolamine in a molar ratio of 1:2 in CH(2)Cl(2) results in the addition of 4 equiv of NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH per mole of complex to give [Pt(HN=C(Et)NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)(NH(2)CH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)](2+) (7). Formulation of 1-6 is based upon satisfactory C, H, N elemental analyses, electrospray mass spectrometry, IR spectroscopy, and (1)H, (13)C((1)H), (15)N, and (195)Pt NMR spectroscopies, while the structures of trans-[PtCl(4)((Z)-NH=C(Et)NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)(2)] (1), trans-[PtCl(4)((Z)-NH=C(Et)NHCH(2)CH(Me)OH-(R)-(-))(2)] (2), and trans-[PtCl(4)((Z)-NH=C(Et)NHCH(Et)CH(2)OH-(R)-(-))(2)] (4) were determined by X-ray single-crystal diffraction. The Z-amidine configuration of the ligands is preserved in CDCl(3) solutions as confirmed by gradient-enhanced (15)N,(1)H-HMQC spectroscopy and NOE experiments. The amidines, formed upon Pt(IV)-mediated nitrile-amino alcohol coupling, were liberated from their platinum(IV) complexes 1, 3, and 4 by reaction with Ph(2)PCH(2)CH(2)PPh(2) (dppe) giving free NH=C(Et)NHCHRCH(2)OH (R = H 8, Et 9, Ph 10), with the substituents R of different types, and dppe oxides; the P-containing species were identified by (31)P((1)H) NMR spectroscopy. NOESY spectroscopy indicates that the liberated amidines retained the same configuration relative to the C=N double bond, i.e., syn-(H,Et)-NH=C(Et)NHCHRCH(2)OH. The liberated hydroxo-functionalized amidines 8-10 were converted into oxazolines (11-13) in the presence of a catalytic amount of ZnCl(2). A similar catalytic effect has also been reached using anhydrous MSO(4) (M = Cu, Co, Cd), CdCl(2), and AlCl(3).     

Water-soluble gadofullerenes: toward high-relaxivity, pH-responsive MRI contrast agents

The water-soluble endohedral gadofullerene derivatives, Gd@C(60)(OH)(x) and Gd@C(60)[C(COOH)(2)](10), have been characterized with regard to their MRI contrast agent properties. Water-proton relaxivities have been measured in aqueous solution at variable temperature (278-335 K), and for the first time for gadofullerenes, relaxivities as a function of magnetic field (5 x 10(-4) to 9.4 T; NMRD profiles) are also reported. Both compounds show relaxivity maxima at high magnetic fields (30-60 MHz) with a maximum relaxivity of 10.4 mM(-1) s(-1) for Gd@C(60)[C(COOH)(2)](10) and 38.5 mM(-1) s(-1) for Gd@C(60)(OH)(x) at 299 K. Variable-temperature, transverse and longitudinal (17)O relaxation rates, and chemical shifts have been measured at three magnetic fields (B = 1.41, 4.7, and 9.4 T), and the results point exclusively to an outer sphere relaxation mechanism. The NMRD profiles have been analyzed in terms of slow rotational motion with a long rotational correlation time calculated to be tau(R)(298) = 2.6 ns. The proton exchange rate obtained for Gd@C(60)[C(COOH)(2)](10) is k(ex)(298) = 1.4 x 10(7) s(-1) which is consistent with the exchange rate previously determined for malonic acid. The proton relaxivities for both gadofullerene derivatives increase strongly with decreasing pH (pH: 3-12). This behavior results from a pH-dependent aggregation of Gd@C(60)(OH)(x) and Gd@C(60)[C(COOH)(2)](10), which has been characterized by dynamic light scattering measurements. The pH dependency of the proton relaxivities makes these gadofullerene derivatives prime candidates for pH-responsive MRI contrast agent applications.     

Colorless, non-luminescent; colorless, luminescent; and yellow, luminescent crystals of the cation [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)](+). The roles of anions and hydrogen bonding in determining the aggregation of two-coordinate gold(I) cations

Crystallographic and luminescence studies on salts of the two-coordinate carbene cation, [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)](+), demonstrate the ability of the cation to exist in three different states of aggregation. In colorless, non-luminescent [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)]Cl the cation crystallizes as a monomer with the nearest gold(i) center 6.7890(11) A away. Colorless, luminescent [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)]AsF(6) forms dimers with an AuAu separation of 3.1288(4) A. These dimers form weakly associated extended chains of cations with additional AuAu separations of 3.6625(5) A. [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)]PF(6) is isostructural. Yellow, luminescent [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)](3)(AsF(6))(2)Cl.0.5(H(2)O)(2) and [Au{C(NHCH(3))(NHCH(2)CH(2)OH)}(2)](3)(PF(6))(2)Cl.0.5(H(2)O)(2) form trimers that further aggregate into extended chains with rather short AuAu separations of 3.1301(14) A, 3.1569(14) A and 3.1415(14) A. Absorption, emission and excitation spectra are reported for these salts. The excitation and emission results from the interactions between the gold centers and involves transitions between the filled d(z)((2)) band and the empty p(z) bands with the z axis pointing along the chain of cations.     

C-H cleavage and double alkyl additions to the disulfido ligand in dicyanido-bridged Ru2S2 complexes

Novel dicyanido-bridged dicationic RuIIISSRuIII complexes [{Ru(P(OCH3)3)2}2(mu-S2)(mu-X)2{mu-m-C6H4(CH2CN)2}](CF3SO3)2 (4, X=Cl, Br) were synthesized by the abstraction of the two terminal halide ions of [{RuX(P(OCH3)3)2}2(mu-S2)(mu-X)2] (1, X=Cl, Br) followed by treatment with m-xylylenedicyanide. 4 reacted with 2,3-dimethylbutadiene to give the C4S2 ring-bridged complex [{Ru(P(OCH3)3)2}2{mu-SCH2C(CH3)=C(CH3)CH2S}(mu-X)2{mu-m-C6H4(CH2CN)2}](CF3SO3)2 (6, X=Cl, Br). In addition, 4 reacted with 1-alkenes in CH3OH to give alkenyl disulfide complexes [{Ru(P(OCH3)3)2}2{mu-SS(CH2C=CHR)}(mu-Cl)2{mu-m-C6H4(CH2CN)2}](CF3SO3) (7: R=CH2CH3, 9: R=CH2CH2CH3) and alkenyl methyl disulfide complexes [{Ru(P(OCH3)3)2}2{mu-S(CH3)S(CH2C=HR)}(mu-Cl)2{mu-m-C6H4(CH2CN)2}](CF3SO3)2 (8: R=CH2CH3, 10: R=CH2CH2CH3) via the activation of an allylic C-H bond followed by the elimination of H+ or condensation with CH3OH. Additionally, the reaction of 4 with 3-penten-1-ol gave [{Ru(P(OCH3)3)2}2{mu-SS(CH2C=CHCH2OH)}(mu-Cl)2{mu-m-C6H4(CH2CN)2}](CF3SO3) (11) via the elimination of H+ and [{Ru(P(OCH3)3)2}2(mu-SCH2CH=CHCH2S)(mu-Cl)2{mu-m-C6H4(CH2CN)2}](CF3SO3)2 (12) via the intramolecular elimination of a H2O molecule. 12 was exclusively obtained from the reaction of 4 with 4-bromo-1-butene.     

Lanthanoid endohedral metallofullerenols for MRI contrast agents

Water-soluble multi-hydroxyl lanthanoid (La, Ce, Gd, Dy, and Er) endohedral metallofullerenes (metallofullerenols, M@C(82)(OH)(n)()) have been synthesized and characterized for the use of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents. The observed longitudinal and transverse relaxivities for water protons, r(1) and r(2), of the metallofullerenols are in the range 0.8-73 and 1.2-80 (sec(-1)mM(-1)), respectively, which are significantly higher than those of the corresponding lanthanoid-DTPA chelate complexes. Among these Gd-metallofullerenols, Gd@C(82)(OH)(n)() has exhibited the highest r(1) and r(2) values in consistent with our previous results. The observed large r(1) of the current metallofullerenols can mainly be ascribed to the dipole-dipole relaxation together with a substantial decrease of the overall molecular rotational motion. The large r(2), except for the Gd-metallofullerenols, have been attributed to the so-called Curie spin relaxation. The MRI phantom studies are also performed and are consistent with these results. The metallofullerenols will be an ideal model for future MRI contrast agents with higher proton relaxivities.