微芯片电泳化学发光检测多巴胺

多巴胺(Dopamine,DA)是哺乳动物的重要单胺类神经递质,多巴胺代谢异常会引起神经疾病,如癫痫、帕金森症以及老年痴呆症等~([1]).目前,测定多巴胺的方法主要有毛细管电泳法~([2]),电化学分析法~([3]),微流控芯片电泳电化学检测法~([4]).本研究采用自行构建的MCE-CL检测装置和自制的玻璃/PDMS复合芯片,建立了微流控芯片电泳-化学发光(MCE-CL)测定多巴胺的新方法,并应用于人尿样中多巴胺含量的检测.     

集成芯片毛细管电泳电化学检测系统

研制了一种新颖的集成芯片毛细管电泳电化学检测装置。此装置基于柱末安培检测法，将检测池集成芯片上，以自制的30μmPt微盘电极为工作电极，在几十年秒钟内实现了多巴胺、5－羟色胺和肾上腺素三种神经递质的快速分离检测。     

高效液相色谱—电化学检测法测定大鼠脊髓灌流液单胺类递质及其代谢产物

用反相离子对高效液相色谱－电化学检测法分离并同时测定了大鼠脊髓灌流液中部分单胺类神经递质及其代谢产物。选择了较为理想的色谱条件，使生物样品的检测限达到８０～６７０ｐｇ，单胺类递质代谢产物的回收率保持在８３％～１０６％范围内。     

不同环境介质中抗生素检测方法研究进展

抗生素自被发现以来广泛地应用于人类动物的流行性疾病治疗,随着其广泛应用,大量的抗生素也进入到环境各个介质中,对抗生素含量检测显得尤为重要。目前国内外已经发展了多种抗生素检测方法:微生物检测法,免疫学分析法,理化检测法。本文对国内外常用的检测方法及原理进行了总结,汇总了常用检测方法的检测限,回收率,并对最近的改进的抗生素检测方法进行总结,对今后抗生素检测方法的发展做出了展望。     

烟草及烟用香精香料中氨基酸检测方法研究进展

烟草及烟用香精香料中氨基酸的含量对烟草品质有着直接而重要的影响,因此有必要进行准确定性定量分析.氨基酸检测方法可分为直接检测法和间接检测法两大类,间接检测法又可分为柱前衍生法和柱后衍生法.分析了每种方法的优缺点以及常用的衍生化试剂,以期为进行氨基酸分析的研究者提供参考.     

毛细管电泳安培检测法在中草药分析中的应用

由于毛细管电泳安培检测法（CE-AD）具有高的分离效率和低的检测限的优势，现已在分析科学的各个领域，特别是在药物行业中得到广泛应用。中草药的研究在我国医药事业中占有重要的地位，采用CE-AD分离并检测中草药中有效成分对于促进中草药的药理药效研究及中草药的定量分析和质量监测等有重要意义。本文综述了CE-AD在中草药及中药复方制剂中有效成分分析中的应用，评述了该法与其他分离分析方法相比在中草药分析中的优越性，并对CE-AD在中草药分析中的发展进行了展望。     

四氢生物蝶呤对大鼠纹状体中单胺类神经递质影响的液相色谱-电化学检测研究

四氢生物蝶呤(BH4)是生物体内单胺类神经递质合成过程中所需要的一种重要辅酶. 文中以Pt-Pd纳米修饰电极作为液相色谱电化学检测器, 采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测和微渗析活体取样技术, 研究了外源性的四氢生物蝶呤对大鼠纹状体中单胺类神经递质的影响. 研究表明外源性的BH4能提高大鼠纹状体中单胺类神经递质多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)和高香草酸(HVA)的含量, 并进行了药物动力学分析, 探讨了BH4和单胺类神经递质浓度与时间的变化, 为一些神经疾病的病理学、药理学研究提供了新的分析手段.     

毛细管电泳安培型电化学检测法

本文评述了近年来安培型电化学检测法在毛细管电泳中的发展概况，归纳了二种检测方式及其装置的结构特点。阐述了金属电极、液膜电极和修饰电极等在电化学检测应用研究中的作用以及此方法在微区分析、活体分析中的重要意义，并展望了其发展前景。     

单胺类神经递质的样品前处理及分析方法研究进展

单胺类神经递质是人体内一类重要的神经递质,其含量测定对于疾病诊断与控制、药物开发与研究及神经学基础研究具有重要意义。生物样品中单胺类神经递质的含量低,基体复杂,选择快速高效的样品前处理方法,是建立高灵敏单胺类神经递质分析方法的关键。该文对近年来生物样品中单胺类神经递质的样品前处理方法的研究进展进行了详细阐述,对单胺类神经递质分析检测方法的新进展进行了介绍,并对其发展趋势进行了展望。     

四氢生物蝶呤对大鼠纹状体中单胺类神经递质

四氢生物蝶呤(BH₄)是生物体内单胺类神经递质合成过程中所需要的一种重要辅酶. 文中以Pt-Pd纳米修饰电极作为液相色谱电化学检测器, 采用高效液相色谱-电化学检测和微渗析活体取样技术, 研究了外源性的四氢生物蝶呤对大鼠纹状体中单胺类神经递质的影响. 研究表明外源性的BH₄能提高大鼠纹状体中单胺类神经递质多巴胺(DA)、5-羟色胺(5-HT)及其代谢产物5-羟吲哚乙酸(5-HIAA)和高香草酸(HVA)的含量, 并进行了药物动力学分析, 探讨了BH4和单胺类神经递质浓度与时间的变化, 为一些神经疾病的病理学、药理学研究提供了新的分析手段.     

Stretchable Electrochemical Sensor for Real‐Time Monitoring of Cells and Tissues

Stretchable electrochemical sensors are conceivably a powerful technique that provides important chemical information to unravel elastic and curvilinear living body. However, no breakthrough was made in stretchable electrochemical device for biological detection. Herein, we synthesized Au nanotubes (NTs) with large aspect ratio to construct an effective stretchable electrochemical sensor. Interlacing network of Au NTs endows the sensor with desirable stability against mechanical deformation, and Au nanostructure provides excellent electrochemical performance and biocompatibility. This allows for the first time, real‐time electrochemical monitoring of mechanically sensitive cells on the sensor both in their stretching‐free and stretching states as well as sensing of the inner lining of blood vessels. The results demonstrate the great potential of this sensor in electrochemical detection of living body, opening a new window for stretchable electrochemical sensor in biological exploration.     

TiO2 Nanotubes as a Therapeutic Agent for Cancer Thermotherapy

We report the photothermal properties as well as the in vitro cell test results of titanium oxide nanotubes (TiO₂ NTs) as a potential therapeutic agent for cancer thermotherapy in combination with near-infrared (NIR) light. TiO₂ NTs are found to have a higher photothermal effect upon exposure to NIR laser than Au nanoparticles and single-wall carbon nanotubes, which have also attracted considerable interest as therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy. The temperature increase of a TiO₂ NT/NaCl suspension during NIR laser exposure is larger than that of a TiO₂ NT/D.I. water suspension due to the heat generated by the formation of Na₂TiF_6. According to the in vitro cell test results the cells exposed to NIR laser without TiO₂ NT treatment have a cell viability of 96.4%. Likewise, the cells treated with TiO₂ NTs but not with NIR irradiation also have a cell viability of 98.2%. Combination of these two techniques, however, shows a cell viability of 1.35%. Also, the cell deaths are mostly due to necrosis but partly due to late apoptosis. These results suggest that TiO₂ NTs can be used effectively as therapeutic agents for cancer thermotherapy due to their excellent photothermal properties and high biocompatibility.     

IR-extended photoluminescence mapping of single-wall and double-wall carbon nanotubes

A simple and efficient technique is described for measuring photoluminescence (PL) maps of carbon nanotubes (NTs) in the extended IR range (1-2.3 mum). It consists of preparing an NT/surfactant/gelatin film and measuring PL spectra using a combination of a tunable Ti-sapphire laser excitation and FTIR detection. This procedure has been applied to a wide range of single- and double-wall NTs unveiling chirality and diameter distributions that have so far been very difficult to measure. The problems associated with deducing these distributions are discussed by comparing absorption and PL mapping data for NT samples prepared under different conditions.     

Aqueous dispersions of single-wall and multiwall carbon nanotubes with designed amphiphilic polycations

Poor solubility of single-walled and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (NTs) in water and organic solvents presents a considerable challenge for their purification and applications. Macromolecules can be convenient solubilizing agents for NTs and a structural element of composite materials for them. Several block copolymers with different chemical functionalities of the side groups were tested for the preparation of aqueous NT dispersions. Poly(N-cetyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide-co-N-ethyl-4-vinylpyridinium bromide-co-4-vinylpyridine) was found to form exceptionally stable NT dispersions. It is suggested that the efficiency of macromolecular dispersion agents for NT solubilization correlates with the topological and electronic similarity of polymer-NT and NT-NT interactions in the nanotube bundles. Raman spectroscopy and atomic force and transmission electron microcopies data indicate that the polycations are wrapped around NTs forming a uniform coating 1.0-1.5 nm thick. The ability to wind around the NT originates in the hydrophobic attraction of the polymer backbone to the graphene surface and topological matching. Tetraalkylammonium functional groups in the side chains of the macromolecule create a cloud of positive charge around NTs, which makes them hydrophilic. The prepared dispersions could facilitate the processing of the nanotubes into composites with high nanotube loading for electronic materials and sensing. Positive charge on their surface is particularly important for biological and biomedical applications because it strengthens interactions with negatively charged cell membranes. A high degree of spontaneous bundle separation afforded by the polymer coating can also be beneficial for NT sorting.     

Biocompatibility and <Emphasis Type="Italic">in vitro</Emphasis> antineoplastic drug-loaded trial of titania nanotubes prepared by anodic oxidation of a pure titanium

TiO₂ nanotube (NT) arrays have been prepared by anodic oxidation of a Ti sheet, and carbon-deposited TiO₂ NT arrays have been prepared by annealing TiO₂ NT arrays in carbon atmosphere. The biocompatibility of the as-prepared NT arrays was investigated by observing the growth of osteosarcoma (MG-63) cells on the NT arrays. The application of the TiO₂ NT arrays as a drug delivery vehicle was investigated. Both the TiO₂ NTs and the carbon-modified TiO₂ NTs have good biocompatibility supporting the normal growth and adhesion of MG-63 cells with no need of extracellular matrix protein coating. The one end-opened TiO₂ NTs can be easily filled with drugs, working as an efficient drug delivery vehicle.     

质子转移反应质谱在线检测痕量挥发性有机物*

质子转移反应质谱是近年来兴起的一种痕量挥发性有机物在线检测技术,它可以在秒量级的时间内获得ppt量级的探测灵敏度,已经广泛的应用在环境污染监测、医学诊断、食品成分和质量检验等领域。本文介绍了它的工作原理和装置结构,给出了一些痕量挥发性有机物检测的例子,以及作者实验室使用该技术检测挥发性有机物的初步研究结果,并对该在线检测技术的发展方向进行了展望。     

Reaction Pathways and Convexity of the Potential Energy Surface: Application of Newton Trajectories

The reaction path is an important concept of theoretical chemistry. We employ the definitions of the intrinsic reaction coordinate (IRC), the gradient extremal (GE), and the Newton trajectory (NT). The usual imagination in chemistry is that a minimum energy path is in a convex region of the potential energy surface. We describe different schemes of convexity to handle the situation. It comes out that NTs are the best ansatz for the problem: NTs, which monotonically increase (or monotonically decrease), are automatically strictly pseudo-convex throughout, and they go throughout along a valley between minimum and saddle point.     

基于色谱法与质谱法分析唾液酸的衍生方法的研究进展

唾液酸是一类拥有9碳核心结构的单糖,广泛存在于脊椎动物体内,以及部分无脊椎动物、真菌和细菌中。唾液酸在生物体内可以以游离形式存在,也经常作为重要的组成部分连接于糖缀合物的末端,这使得其能够参与到多项生理活动中,且与炎症、癌症等疾病密切相关。以色谱法、质谱法为核心的分析方法,是表征生物样品中唾液酸的最主要研究方法。为了提高检测灵敏度或色谱分离度,在分析之前通常需要对唾液酸进行衍生化处理。经过几十年的发展,研究者们逐步建立了多种衍生化方法。该文从单糖、自由唾液酸、N/O-聚糖、糖脂的角度综述了用于色谱与质谱分析唾液酸的衍生方法,并展望了该领域的应用及发展趋势。     

TiO2-MoO3复合纳米管阵列薄膜的制备及其可见光活性

通过阳极氧化的方法制备TiO₂纳米管薄膜, 在MoO₃存在的条件下对该薄膜进行热处理得到TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管阵列薄膜. 利用X射线衍射(XRD), 扫描电子显微镜(SEM), X射线光电子能谱(XPS), 电化学阻抗谱(EIS), Mott-Schottky 及光电化学方法对得到的薄膜进行了表征. XRD结果表明, TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管薄膜中的TiO₂主要为锐钛矿晶型. SEM实验证实了薄膜纳米管结构的存在, 样品中的MoO₃均匀地分散在TiO₂纳米管表面. 利用XPS方法分析了TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管薄膜元素的组成, 结果表明, MoO₃在TiO₂表面形成TiO₂-MoO₃复合纳米管薄膜. 研究了热处理温度以及热处理时间对样品的光电化学性能的影响, 相对于单纯TiO₂纳米管薄膜, 适量引入MoO₃提高了样品在可见光区的光电响应能力, 样品的平带电位负移. 在450 °C热处理60 min制得的TiO₂-MoO₃复合半导体纳米管阵列薄膜光电响应活性最高.