热加工对花生过敏原Ara h 2抗原性及构象的影响

从花生种子中分离纯化花生过敏原Ara h 2,采用酶联免疫吸附试验(ELISA)、圆二色谱(CD)、ANS荧光探针及紫外可见(UV-Vis)光谱等方法,系统研究热加工对Ara h 2抗原性和结构的影响.结果表明:Ara h 2蛋白经55或70℃处理后其抗原性略有升高,经85,100或115℃处理后,其抗原性显著降低,且随着温度和时间的增加其抗原性均不断降低.CD色谱分析表明,Ara h 2经热处理后其二级结构发生变化;ANS荧光探针光谱显示,不同的热处理均导致Ara h 2表面疏水性增加.紫外光谱显示,不同温度对Ara h 2处理30 min后(除55℃外),其紫外吸收值均升高.Ara h 2经100℃处理不同时间后,其紫外吸收值均有增加.由此推断,花生过敏原Ara h 2的构象改变导致了其抗原性的降低.     

基于光谱技术分析不同还原糖对Ara h2糖基化反应的影响

糖基化反应能诱导食品中蛋白质的结构发生改变;Ara h2是花生中的主要蛋白组分之一,可以作为一种模式蛋白研究花生蛋白糖基化产物的结构变化。不同还原糖对Ara h2糖基化反应的影响目前未见相关报道。以花生蛋白Ara h2为研究对象,通过SDS-PAGE、内源荧光、同步荧光、紫外、圆二色谱、红外等光谱技术研究Ara h2糖基化前后分子量、二级、三级结构以及官能团的变化,分析六种还原糖(核糖、木糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖、果糖、乳糖)对花生蛋白Ara h2糖基化产物结构的影响,阐明经不同还原糖修饰后花生蛋白Ara h2的结构变化。SDS-PAGE电泳表明木糖和核糖修饰的花生蛋白Ara h2电泳条带明显上移,糖基化程度最大;紫外光谱分析表明糖基化反应会改变花生蛋白Ara h2的吸收峰强度。五碳糖修饰的花生蛋白Ara h2具有最强的吸收强度,其中五碳糖中木糖的吸收峰强度最大;内源荧光、同步荧光和三维光谱实验结果表明,糖基化修饰会使花生蛋白Ara h2的荧光强度降低,且五碳糖修饰的Ara h2荧光强度最低。分析认为由于糖基化修饰使花生蛋白Ara h2的结构展开,导致芳香族氨基酸暴露在水环境中,从而引起荧光...     

红外光谱探究常见污染气体对丝织品结构的影响

丝织品是由丝蛋白质组成,高温、高湿及污染物等因素会使其结构发生变化。为了科学地评估博物馆中污染气体对丝织品结构的影响,采取人工模拟实验制备二氧化氮、二氧化硫、乙酸和氨气常见博物馆污染气体环境,利用傅里叶红外光谱（FTIR）从丝蛋白质肽链结构、二级结构等方面探讨4种污染气体对丝织品蛋白质结构的影响。实验结果表明,二氧化氮老化30 h后样品的红外光谱在1 382 cm-1波数附近出现甲基对称变角振动吸收峰,而其他气体老化50 d的丝织品仍未产生甲基对称变角振动,说明二氧化氮对丝织品破坏最严重。所有污染气体老化后,样品的红外光谱在975和999 cm-1丝蛋白-Gly-Ala-和-Gly-Gly-肽链（一级）结构特征吸收峰处均有不同程度减弱,但碱性气体氨气较酸性气体减弱更明显。傅里叶红外光谱技术结合酰胺Ⅲ带（1 330～1 200 cm-1）去卷积和高斯拟合法研究表明,50 d氨老化后仅引起丝蛋白质非结晶区的轻微变化,α-螺旋、无规卷曲、β-折叠含量变化幅度较小,丝蛋白二级结构变化较小。相比而言,酸性气体对丝蛋白二级结构影响更加显著,出现β-折叠相对含量大幅降低、无规卷曲相对含量明显增加,其结晶区遭受严重破坏。在4种气体中,二氧化氮对丝织品二级结构影响最显著,老化30 h后β-折叠相对含量由原始值30.36%降低至18.12%,约降低40%。相应的二氧化氮对丝织品强度破坏最严重,在β-折叠含量降低的同时,材料的力学强度出现了显著降低。利用波数在1 700和1 640 cm-1红外光谱吸收峰的比值（A_{1 700/1 640}）和波数在1 620和1 514 cm-1红外光谱吸收峰的比值（A_{1 620/1 514}）判断样品的老化方式,实验结果表明二氧化氮、二氧化硫、氨气老化样品的方式主要为氧化老化,而乙酸老化的样品则发生氧化老化和水解老化两种老化方式。随着老化时间的延长,4种气体中二氧化氮老化样品的A_{1 620/1 514}比值增加最多、氧化最严重。推断与二氧化氮的强氧化性有关,也与二氧化氮使丝织品产生显著的甲基对称变角振动有关。建议博物馆应严格监测和控制二氧化氮气体浓度。该研究为制定合理的丝织品文物存放环境提供科学依据,对丝织品文物的保护具有重要意义。     

胶乳微球与抗体蛋白相互作用机理的荧光光谱法分析

利用共价偶联的方法制备了胶乳-抗体蛋白复合物,并采用荧光光谱法对复合物的性质进行了研究,以揭示胶乳微球与抗体蛋白之间的相互作用机理。内源荧光光谱分析结果表明,共价偶联后,抗体蛋白的最大发射峰发生显著蓝移,最大发射峰强度显著降低,抗体蛋白的三级结构发生了一定的变化,胶乳微球与抗体蛋白之间的相互作用对抗体蛋白的内源荧光有显著的猝灭作用,猝灭效果随着偶联体系pH值以及胶乳浓度的增加而增强,猝灭机制为静态猝灭。外源荧光光谱分析结果表明,共价偶联后抗体蛋白的最大发射峰强度显著增强,且随着偶联体系pH值的升高,抗体蛋白的疏水性显著降低,随着胶乳浓度的增加,疏水性逐渐升高。     

超声处理黑豆蛋白结构变化的拉曼光谱分析

探究了拉曼光谱应用于黑豆蛋白结构变化研究的可行性,研究了黑豆蛋白溶液在低频超声处理在不同超声强度、不同处理时间下的结构变化,并进行了热力学特性分析。低、中超声处理强度下TD的降低表明蛋白质分子的内部疏水作用被破坏,使黑豆蛋白不稳定的聚集体解聚为小分子可溶性聚集物,而在高超声处理强度下TD的增高表明聚集体重聚。拉曼光谱分析表明超声处理下除了E样品(300 W, 24 min)所有黑豆蛋白均发生了α-螺旋结构含量降低和β-折叠结构含量增高。聚集体的聚合/解聚导致黑豆蛋白二级结构的重组,尤其是β-折叠。超声处理使拉曼光谱在760 cm-1的色氨酸归属谱线强度降低表明超声处理使黑豆蛋白发生了部分的解折叠。超声处理下酪氨酸归属谱线强度变化不显著,表明超声处理并未显著改变黑豆蛋白酪氨酸的微环境。1 450 cm-1拉曼归属谱带随着超声处理强度和时间的增加而增大,但随着功率及处理时间的进一步增大此值有所降低。在超声处理下聚集体的形成使二硫键的g-g-t构型转变为t-g-t构型。尽管黑豆蛋白聚集体重组的机理仍有待研究,但拉曼光谱是一种研究超声处理黑豆蛋白结构变化的可行方法,也可为蛋白质结构研究提供一种新的研究思路。     

牛α-乳白蛋白-亚油酸复合物的结构及抗肿瘤活性

利用内源性荧光光谱、荧光探针(ANS)结合荧光光谱及圆二色谱,以乳白蛋白-油酸为参照,研究了乳白蛋白结合亚油酸后,疏水性氨基酸、疏水性区域、三级结构及二级结构的变化,并利用亚甲基蓝的方法评价了该复合物的抗肿瘤活性。荧光光谱结果显示,与乳白蛋白-油酸复合物类似,乳白蛋白结合亚油酸后,其内源性荧光光谱显著红移,从331.07 nm移至337.60 nm;外源性ANS结合光谱蓝移,从516.20 nm移至508.50 nm;且荧光强度增加,表明乳白蛋白结合亚油酸后同样出现了疏水性氨基酸及疏水性区域暴露的现象。圆二色谱结果表明,与乳白蛋白-油酸复合物类似,乳白蛋白结合亚油酸后,三级结构部分丧失,二级结构中β-转角及无规卷曲的含量显著降低,β-折叠含量增加。细胞实验证实了乳白蛋白-亚油酸复合物具有良好的抗肿瘤效果。该研究从复合物结构和功能的两方面,为新型抗肿瘤乳白蛋白-亚油酸复合物的开发提供了依据。     

超声处理黑豆蛋白结构变化的拉曼光谱分析（英文）

探究了拉曼光谱应用于黑豆蛋白结构变化研究的可行性,研究了黑豆蛋白溶液在低频超声处理在不同超声强度、不同处理时间下的结构变化,并进行了热力学特性分析。低、中超声处理强度下TD的降低表明蛋白质分子的内部疏水作用被破坏,使黑豆蛋白不稳定的聚集体解聚为小分子可溶性聚集物,而在高超声处理强度下TD的增高表明聚集体重聚。拉曼光谱分析表明超声处理下除了E样品(300 W,24 min)所有黑豆蛋白均发生了α-螺旋结构含量降低和β-折叠结构含量增高。聚集体的聚合/解聚导致黑豆蛋白二级结构的重组,尤其是β-折叠。超声处理使拉曼光谱在760 cm~(-1)的色氨酸归属谱线强度降低表明超声处理使黑豆蛋白发生了部分的解折叠。超声处理下酪氨酸归属谱线强度变化不显著,表明超声处理并未显著改变黑豆蛋白酪氨酸的微环境。1 450 cm~(-1)拉曼归属谱带随着超声处理强度和时间的增加而增大,但随着功率及处理时间的进一步增大此值有所降低。在超声处理下聚集体的形成使二硫键的g-g-t构型转变为t-g-t构型。尽管黑豆蛋白聚集体重组的机理仍有待研究,但拉曼光谱是一种研究超声处理黑豆蛋白结构变化的可行方法,也可为蛋白质结构研究提供一种新的研究思路。     

热处理对蛋清卵类粘蛋白过敏原性及构象的影响

采用酶联免疫吸附法(ELISA)、圆二色谱(CD)、ANS荧光探针和紫外光谱(UV)系统研究了热处理对蛋清卵类粘蛋白过敏原性及构象的影响。结果显示,加热处理卵类粘蛋白的过敏原性降低,且随加热温度升高和加热时间延长,不断降低。经不同温度热处理后的卵类粘蛋白二级结构的α-螺旋,β-折叠,β-转角和无规卷曲之间相互转化,分子有序性降低;卵类粘蛋白的表面疏水性随加热温度的升高而降低;随加热的温度的升高,具有紫外吸收的氨基酸残基逐渐暴露,最大吸光度逐渐增大。由此可以推断,卵类粘蛋白的构象改变导致其过敏原性变化。     

基于光谱分析技术的肉桂醛与玉米醇溶蛋白作用机理的研究

通过荧光光谱、紫外光谱、圆二色谱、红外光谱、核磁共振光谱研究肉桂醛与玉米醇溶蛋白间的作用机理,为改善玉米醇溶蛋白膜的机械性能及抗菌性和抗氧化性提供研究依据。通过三维荧光光谱检测,发现肉桂醛对玉米醇溶蛋白有明显的荧光猝灭作用,而且溶剂乙醇对猝灭现象有影响。用紫外差谱观察到玉米醇溶蛋白在紫外区278 nm的吸收强度随肉桂醛浓度增大而加大,但增加的幅度与浓度改变不成比例,氨基酸残基的特征吸收峰的位置没有变化。加入肉桂醛前后,圆二色谱显示的两条曲线近乎重合。利用全反射ATR附件测定傅里叶变换红外光谱,发现加入肉桂醛之后,1 650和1 538 cm-1的吸收峰峰位没有发生明显的变化,但1 625 cm-1处出现了明显的肩峰,体现了肉桂醛碳碳双键的吸收,指纹区879.44 cm-1处的峰消失,973.46 cm-1处出现新峰,显示出肉桂醛反式双键的吸收,说明玉米醇溶蛋白与肉桂醛发生了非键合作用。对酰胺Ⅰ带进行自去卷积计算,发现玉米醇溶蛋白的二级结构中α螺旋结构变化甚微,β转角发生显著改变。通过核磁共振氢谱,分析4个位置的质子H的化学位移,仅改变了0.01,而且加入肉桂醛1和4 h之后,化学位移改变量相等,证明肉桂醛与玉米醇溶蛋白的结合反应发生在蛋白表面。对体系的热力学参数进行计算,可知肉桂醛与玉米醇溶蛋白之间发生的是结合比为1∶1的自发结合反应;在肉桂醛低浓度时,猝灭常数随温度的升高而降低,但变化不显著;结合常数很大,数量级达到105,且随温度的升高而降低。在有无肉桂醛的条件下,对玉米醇溶蛋白荧光寿命的测定,进一步确认二者之间发生的是静态猝灭。综合多种光谱分析结果,说明肉桂醛与玉米醇溶蛋白主要在芳香区的外部发生π-π堆积,以静电力结合,是静态猝灭机制,与作用时间的长短无关。结果表明玉米醇溶蛋白中加入肉桂醛,对其二级结构不会造成明显的影响。     

环丙沙星、氧氟沙星同时与牛血清白蛋白分子作用的荧光光谱

在pH=7.40的水溶液中,环丙沙星(CPFX)、氧氟沙星(OFLX)能够猝灭牛血清白蛋白(BSA)的荧光。当两种药物共存时BSA荧光被进一步猝灭。据此建立了利用荧光发光光谱法进行喹诺酮类药物CPFX与OFLX间相互作用的研究。结果表明:药物间存在相互作用,使药物与蛋白间的结合常数减小、结合稳定性下降,游离型药物含量增加,造成药效增强;药物对蛋白荧光的猝灭属于静态猝灭,药物与蛋白结合位点数约为1。根据Frster非辐射能量转移理论,确定了药物与蛋白之间的结合距离r7nm,属于非辐射能量转移。药物间的相互作用使r值增加,结合距离增大。同步荧光光谱研究表明药物间的相互作用对蛋白构象产生影响,使蛋白质分子伸展,疏水性降低。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.