基于LabVIEW的塞曼效应实验改进

介绍了一种利用LabVIEw改进塞曼效应实验的方法.在LabVlEW开发环境中采用Activex技术进行实验图像采集,并应用数字图像处理技术来减少多种对实验图像干扰的影响.实现了电子比荷、波数差的计算机辅助测量,提高了测量结果的精确度,改善了实验教学效果.     

磁聚焦法测定电子比荷实验的改进方法探究

随着科学技术的发展,出现了多种测定电子比荷的方法,其中在近代物理实验中常用的方法是磁聚焦法.本文在此实验设备和实验方法的基础上,研究了实验测量过程中荧光屏上显示扫描的线段随所加励磁电流的变化关系,并进一步对实验提出了改进意见.     

东南大学物理系南京培中科技开发研究所

特别推荐 LEM-2型洛仑兹力演示、电子比荷测定仪 LEM-2型洛仑兹力演示、电子比荷测定仪（彩照一）的早期产品为153W-2型洛仑兹力演示仪（彩照二）．是东南大学物理系马文蔚教授、潘人培教授于1978年和某电子管厂合作开发生产的，并于1981年通过鉴定，彩照二的仪器为1983年的产品，目前东南大学物理系仍在使用，且电子柬轨迹仍清晰明亮。现经潘人培教授在153W-2型仪器的基础上，作了改进．可同时用于测量电子比荷仪器的主要特点有：     

利用磁聚焦法测量电子比荷的误差分析

在利用磁聚焦法测量电子比荷的实验中,测量误差与示波管的加速电压和聚焦电压存在较大的相关性．通过对测量误差与电聚焦程度、加速电压和聚焦电压之间关系的分析,指出了误差产生的原因,给出了加速电压和聚焦电压的最佳取值范围．     

对磁聚焦法测电子比荷实验的讨论

本文对磁聚焦法测电子比荷实验中偏转法的与零场法的优缺点进行了讨论，并进一步对实验提出了改进意见。     

基于PASCO平台的法拉第磁光效应实验

基于PASCO实验平台设计了能在弱磁场下完成的法拉第磁光效应实验,实验装置简单易操作,并能较准确地测定费尔德常量和电子的比荷等.     

东南大学物理系南京培训中科技开发研究所

一．LEM-2型洛仑兹力演示，电子比荷测定仪 所用实验方法：威尔尼氏管法（电子束射法）。 电子束清晰明亮可见，特别适合作演示实验。     

利用洛伦兹力演示器探究带电粒子在电场及磁场中的运动

洛伦兹力是磁场对运动电荷的作用力,比较抽象,学生无法直接观察,针对该问题,采用了J2433-1型洛伦兹力演示器来探究带电粒子在电场和磁场中的运动,并测量了电子的比荷,该方法可在三维空间观察电子运动的径迹,通过宏观现象认识了微观本质.     

用金属电子逸出功测定仪做设计性扩展实验的实践

介绍利用金属电子逸出功测定仪研究轴向磁场对自由电子的磁控条件及测定电子比荷,研究真空二极管的伏安特性,研究金属中自由电子的费米－狄拉克能量分布状况等设计性扩展实验的内容和方法。     

利用磁聚焦法测量地磁场

利用电子比荷测试仪,借助罗盘、水平仪和铅垂等简单工具,分别测量进行磁聚焦后正、反向两次通过的励磁电流,计算出地磁场的水平分量和垂直分量,从而确定出地磁场的大小和方向.     

空间电荷效应对阴极微凸起热不稳定性的影响

 由于金属微凸起爆炸电子发射的预发射电流密度一般都超过108 A/cm2，因此必须考虑其空间电荷效应的影响。基于金属微凸起爆炸电子发射起始过程模型，通过理论分析和数值模拟，给出了考虑预发射电流空间电荷效应的微凸起爆炸发射延迟时间随二极管平均电场的变化关系。与不考虑预发射电流空间电荷效应的结果进行对比表明，预发射电流的空间电荷效应可以显著增加金属微凸起的爆炸发射延迟时间。     

CSR电子冷却系统电子束空间电荷效应对电子束温度的影响

 通过求解电子冷却系统中冷却段漂移管区的强流电子束产生的空间电荷场,研究了电子束空间电荷效应对电子温升的影响。结合HIRFL CSR电子冷却系统的典型参数,得到了电子在自身空间电荷场和纵向螺线管磁场组成的交叉场作用下产生的漂移速度和由此引起的附加温度大小,并指出减小电子束空间电荷效应的方法。     

Characteristics of charge and discharge of PMMA samples due to electron irradiation

In this study, using a comprehensive numerical simulation of charge and discharge processes, we investigate the formation and evolution of negative charge and discharge characteristics of a grounded PMMA film irradiated by a nonfocused electron beam. Electron scattering and transport processes in the sample are simulated with the Monte Carlo and the finite-different time-domain(FDTD) methods, respectively. The properties of charge and discharge processes are presented by the evolution of internal currents, charge quantity, surface potential, and discharge time. Internal charge accumulation in the sample may reach saturation by primary electron(PE) irradiation providing the charge duration is enough. Internal free electrons will run off to the ground in the form of leakage current due to charge diffusion and drift during the discharge process after irradiation, while trapped electrons remain. The negative surface potential determined by the charging quantity decreases to its saturation in the charge process, and then increases in the discharge process. A larger thickness of the PMMA film will result in greater charge amount and surface potential in charge saturation and in final discharge state, while the electron mobility of the material has little effects on the final discharge state. Moreover,discharge time is less for smaller thickness or larger electron mobility. The presented results can be helpful for estimating and weakening the charging of insulating samples especially under the intermittent electron beam irradiation in related surface analysis or measurement.     

Study on current density distribution of electron beam spots by wave optics theory

The image theory of wave electron optics is used to study the current density distribution of electron beam spots for high-resolution electron optical systems. Using the wave aberration concept and paraxial expansion of charge density, the space charge effect is taken into consideration by modification of paraxial rays and spherical aberration coefficient of the lens. The point spreading function is obtained by Fourier-Bessel transform of the optical transfer function considering the space charge and partial coherence of the electron source.     

HIRFL-CSR电子冷却系统空心电子束性能研究

 电子冷却系统中冷却力的大小与电子束的温度密切相关。由于强流电子束自身产生的空间电荷场,使得电子束的速度离散,增加了电子束温度,降低了冷却效率。为了减小空间电荷效应,HIRFL CSR的电子冷却系统将首次采用空心电子束对储存环中的重离子束流进行冷却。通过分析实心电子束和空心电子束的空间电荷场,研究了其对电子束速度和温度的影响。     

长程电子关联对聚噻吩中极化子的影响

采用扩展的SSH模型,加上电子相互作用和长程电子关联,用自洽迭代的方法研究了聚噻吩链中的极化子问题,计算了电子相互作用和长程电子关联对极化子位形和电荷密度的影响,获得了长程电子关联使极化子位形变小,极化子区域变窄,电荷密度震荡减弱,对聚合物中电子的输运的影响不能忽略的有益结果.     

Calculation of the charge composition of an ion beam from an E-Mevva source

The charge composition of an ion beam from an E-Mevva source is calculated within a model of sequential electron ionization of ions in a vacuum arc plasma. The effect of the plasma initial parameters on the charge composition of the ion beam is studied. Possible charge compositions for more than 30 elements omitted from this article are estimated. Also, the charge composition of the ions is calculated for the ultimate current density of the electron beam.     

Dust in Plasma II. Effects of Secondary Electrons: Ionization and Surface Emission

In this second paper, the effect of secondary electrons on the charge and potential of a dust particle immersed in plasma has been studied. The processes of electron‐induced ionization and those of photo‐electron and secondary electron emission from the particle surface as a function of primary electron temperature have been taken into account. Starting from temperatures as low as 6 eV in an Ar plasma, ionization produces an extra ion flux to the dust surface comparable to that of the ion charge exchange effect. For what concerns the surface emission, results show that a transition from negative to positive dust charge/potential takes place, and that the transition regime is characterized by a non‐monotonic behavior of the electric potential around the particle. In the case of photoelectric emission, the dust charge and potential are monotonic decreasing functions of the electron temperature, while in the case of emission induced by primary electrons a minimum charge/potential is reached before they grow towards positive values. In no case multiple dust charge states have been observed due to the presence of the potential well attached to the particle surface. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)     

Electret mechanism of electron beam capture by the magnetic field of a betatron

The mechanism of electron capture into acceleration that takes into account the electret properties of the accelerating chamber shell is described. The electron capture into acceleration is a self-consistent problem. It is demonstrated that the electron capture into acceleration is caused by the interaction of the injected electrons with the electric field of the charge created on the side interior wall of the chamber by electrons dropped out of the acceleration. The spectrum of the captured electrons is not normal. A large number of low-energy electrons are presented in the spectrum. Two and more peaks previously unknown are revealed in the dependence of the captured charge on the injected charge for large values of the injected charge. The results obtained are in agreement with the data of previous experimental studies. The captured charge and the dose rate of bremsstrahlung from a target correspond to their actual values for betatrons with accelerated electron energies of 6 and 10 MeV. Results of simulation can be used to design accelerating chambers and electron injection systems of betatrons and other cyclic accelerators. __________ Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 12, pp. 35–45, December, 2006.     

空间电荷和介质表面电荷对微放电演化过程的影响

微放电是制约航天器微波部件功率容量的主要瓶颈之一。以介质微波部件中典型的介质加载平行板波导为例,基于三维粒子模拟分别对仅考虑外加微波场（情况1）、考虑外加微波场和空间电荷（情况2）以及考虑外加微波场、空间电荷和介质表面电荷（情况3）三种情况下微放电演化过程中电子数目、瞬态二次电子发射系数、归一化反射波电压以及介质表面与上金属板之间的间隙电压随时间的变化进行了仿真,并给出了情况3电子分布和介质表面电荷密度随时间的变化过程。在此基础上,明确了空间电荷和介质表面电荷在微放电过程中所起的不同作用：即空间电荷会使微放电达到饱和状态,介质表面电荷则导致微放电饱和状态无法持续,最后自行熄灭。介质表面电荷导致了微放电过程中介质和金属瞬态二次电子发射系数下降速率不一致,归一化反射波电压幅度随时间变化的包络类似于“眼睛”形状、间隙电压类直流偏置、非对称电子能量分布等特殊现象。