Estimation of the critical micelle concentrations and the aggregation numbers of sodium alkyl sulfates by capillary-type isotachophoresis

The analytical procedure for the separation and quantification of bulk and micellar phases for sodium alkyl sulfates has been investigated by a capillary-type isotachophoresis using a potential gradient detector. Monomer solutions were distinguished from micellar solutions at pH 5.5–6.0; hydrochloric acid — L-Histidine mixture was used as the leading electrolyte and 2-(N-Morpholino) ethanesulfonic acid as the terminating electrolyte.The potential unit value (PU value) due to the monomer solutions was larger than that due to the micellar solutions. The zone length due to monomer solutions increased with increasing concentration of surfactant until a given concentration (CMC); beyond this point the values became constant. On the other hand, the zone length due to micellar solutions increased from this point. We report an applicability of capillary-type isotachophoresis to determination of the CMC's and aggregation number for various sodium alkyl sulfates.     

Influence of the addition of alcohol on the reaction methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate + Br(-) in tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous micellar solutions

The reaction methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate + Br(-) was studied in tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide (TTAB) aqueous micellar solutions in the absence and in the presence of various amounts of n-hexanol, n-pentanol, and n-butanol. Kinetic micellar effects provoked by the addition of the linear alcohols can be rationalized by using simple pseudophase kinetic models. The equilibrium binding constants of the methyl-4-nitrobenzenesulfonate molecules to the cationic micelles decreases when [alcohol] increases. The (k(2)(m)/V(m)) values found are practically the same for the different TTAB-alcohol micellar solutions studied, independent of the nature and concentration of the alcohol present in the reaction medium. This has been explained by considering the balance of two factors operating on reactivity in opposite ways: (1). an increase in the volume of the micellar interfacial region upon increasing alcohol concentration, and (2). a decrease in the polarity of the interfacial region as the amount of alcohol present in the micellar solutions increases.     

Study of Ligand Substitution Reactions at Pentacyanoferrates(II) in Aqueous Salt and Micellar Solutions

The ligand substitution reactions Fe(CN)(5)(4-(t)bupy)(3-) + 4-CNpy and Fe(CN)(5)(4-(t)bupy)(3-) + pzCO(2)(-) (4-(t)Bupy = 4-tert-butylpyridine; 4-CNpy = 4-cyanopyridine; pzCO(2)(-) = pyrazinecarboxylate) were studied in several aqueous salt and micellar solutions. Kinetic data in aqueous solutions showed that the two processes follow a dissociative mechanism, D, and the dependence of the first-order rate constants on [salt] on electrolyte aqueous solutions allow the estimation of the activation volumes corresponding to both reactions. Under true first-order conditions no kinetic micellar effects were found in anionic (SDS) and nonionic (Triton X-100) aqueous micellar solutions. In cationic micellar solutions (CTAB, CTAC, and TTAB) small kinetic micellar effects were found. These were related to the different ionic concentrations and the different polarity and structure of the Stern layer surrounding the cationic micellar aggregates, where the reactions take place, with respect to pure water. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

The Hybrids of Polystyrene-block-Poly(ethylene Oxide) Micelles and Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate in Aqueous Solutions: Interaction with Rh Ions and Rh Nanoparticle Formation

The interaction of amphiphilic block copolymer, polystyrene-block-poly(ethylene oxide) (PS-b-PEO), with anionic surfactant, sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), in aqueous media has been studied by sedimentation in ultracentrifuge. Three well-defined populations of hybrid aggregates corresponding to micelles, micellar clusters, and supermicellar aggregates were detected in the PS-b-PEO/SDS aqueous solutions at various rotation rates. Parameters of all the micellar aggregates were characterized depending on the SDS loading. An increase in the SDS loading was found to result in an increase in block copolymer/surfactant micelle size and weight at the SDS concentration of 0.8x10(-3) mol/L and in a slight decrease of both parameters at critical micelle concentration and at higher concentration. This decrease was caused by incorporation of SDS molecules in block copolymer micelles followed by charging the PS core and repulsion between similar charges. Using dichlorotetrapyridine rhodium(III)chloride hexahydrate ([Rh(Py)(4)Cl(2)]Clx6H(2)O), ion exchange of surfactant counterions in the hybrid PS-b-PEO/SDS system for Rh cations was carried out, which allowed saturating the micellar structures with Rh species. Subsequent reduction of the Rh-containing hybrid solutions with NaBH(4) resulted in the formation of Rh nanoparticles with a diameter of 2-3 nm mainly located in the block copolymer micellar aggregates. Copyright 2000 Academic Press.     

The nature of the micellar stern region as studied by reaction kinetics. 2

The nature of rate-retarding effects of cationic micelles on the water-catalyzed hydrolyses of a series of para-substituted 1-benzoyl-1,2,4-triazoles (1a-f) and 1-benzoyl-3-phenyl-1,2,4-triazole (2) has been studied using kinetic methods. A comparison is drawn between medium effects in the micellar Stern region and in model solutions for the micellar Stern region. Simple model solutions involving concentrated aqueous solutions of a small ionic molecule resembling the surfactant headgroup, as reported before,(1) were improved. New model solutions for alkyltrimethylammonium bromide micelles contain both tetramethylammonium bromide (TMAB), mimicking micellar headgroups, and 1-propanol, mimicking hydrophobic tails. The rate-retarding effect of micelles on the hydrolysis of 1a-f and 2 is caused by the high concentration of headgroups as well as by hydrophobic tails in the Stern region where 1a-f and 2 bind to the micelle. Individual contributions of these interactions are quantified. Rate-retarding effects found for different probes, with different sensitivities for interactions as they occur when the probe binds to the micellar Stern region, as well as the micellar Stern region's micropolarity as reported by the E(T)(30) probe, are satisfactorily reproduced by new model solutions containing both TMAB and 1-propanol.     

Study of the reaction Fe(CN)4(bpy)2− + S2O82− in Sulfobetaine Aqueous Micellar Solutions

The reaction Fe(CN)₄(bpy)^2? + S₂O₈^2? has been studied in aqueous micellar solutions of N‐tetradecyl‐N,N‐dimethyl‐3‐ammonio‐1‐propanesulfonate, SB3‐14. The influence of changes in the surfactant concentration as well as in the peroxodisulfate ions concentration on k_obs was investigated. Spectroscopic and conductivity measurements have given information about the distribution of both anionic reagents between the aqueous and micellar pseudophases of the SB3‐14 micellar solutions. A discussion about the adequacy of various equations based on the pseudophase model to rationalize kinetic micellar effects for anion‐anion reactions in sulfobetaine micellar solutions has been done. © 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 33: 225–231, 2001     

Determining the Critical Micelle Concentration in O/W Emulsion Using the Rate Constant of Hydrolysis for Benzyl Acetate

An attempt to evaluate the kinetically effective critical micelle concentration CMC of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) in micellar solutions and in O/W emulsions at 40°C and pH 9 utilizing the pseudo first order rate constant of benzyl acetate hydrolysis was implemented. The critical micelle concentration of SDS in micellar solutions was determined by both surface tension measurements utilizing Wilhelmy plate technique and by rate constant of hydrolysis. Hydrolysis reaction of benzyl acetate was monitored in surfactant solutions as well as in o/w emulsions as a function of time. Emulsion droplets were controlled using microfluidizer 110 T and oily droplets were separated from the emulsion by ultracentrifugation at (11,500 rpm or 9,800 g) prior to analysis by high performance liquid chromatography. The value of the critical micelle concentration (CMC) in micellar solutions in the presence of benzyl acetate as determined from the Wilhelmy plate technique was 7.8 × 10^?4 moles/L (CMC in micellar solution was 10 times lower than the value in literature due to use of buffer) while the CMC as determined from the kinetic study was 8.8 × 10^?4 moles/L. In emulsion systems, using 5% mineral oil, the CMC value was 8.6 × 10^?3 moles/L and at 10% oil, the value doubled to 1.73 × 10^?2 moles/L. The above results indicate that kinetics can be used to determine CMC in micellar solutions and in o/w emulsions.     

Study of the reaction 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl bromide + OH⁻ in dimeric micellar solutions

The dehydrobromination reaction 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl bromide + OH? was investigated in several alkanediyl-α-ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) bromide, 12-s-12,2Br? (with s = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12) micellar solutions, in the presence of NaOH 5 × 10?3 M. The kinetic data were quantitatively rationalized within the whole surfactant concentration range by using an equation based on the pseudophase ion-exchange model and taking the variations in the micellar ionization degree caused by the morphological transitions into account. The agreement between the theoretical and the experimental data was good in all the dimeric micellar media studied, except for the 12-2-12,2Br? micellar solutions. In this case, the strong tendency to micellar growth shown by the 12-2-12,2Br? micelles could be responsible for the lack of accordance. Results showed that the dimeric micelles accelerate the reaction more than two orders of magnitude as compared to water.     

Kinetic micellar effects in tetradecyltrimethylammonium bromide-pentanol micellar solutions

The reactions 1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl)ethane + OH(-) and 2-(p-nitrophenyl)ethyl bromide + OH(-) were studied in tetradecyltrimethylamonium bromide, TTAB, and TTAB-pentanol micellar solutions. The influence of changes in the surfactant concentration as well as changes in the hydroxide ion concentration on the observed rate constant was investigated. If changes in the cmc and ionization degree provoked by the presence of the different amounts of n-pentanol in the micellar solutions are taken into account, the experimental kinetic data can be rationalized quantitatively by using the PIE model. Assuming that the ion-exchange equilibrium constant, K(OH(-)/Br(-)), for the competition between the bromide and the hydroxide ions in all TTAB and in TTAB-pentanol micellar solutions studied is the same, a good agreement between the theoretical and the experimental kinetic data was found in all the micellar media for the two processes studied. This assumption was checked by experimentally determining the ion-exchange equilibrium constant K(OH(-)/Br(-)) in TTAB and TTAB-pentanol micellar solutions through a spectroscopic method, results showing that the presence of n-pentanol does not affect substantially the value of K(OH(-)/Br(-)). The second-order rate constants obtained from the fittings decrease slightly when the amount of pentanol increases, being greater than that in aqueous solution. This acceleration can be explained considering that micelles accelerate the reactions in which the charge is delocalized in the transition state.     

TODGA based w/o microemulsion in dodecane: an insight into the micellar aggregation characteristics by dynamic light scattering and viscometry

N,N,N',N'-tetraoctyl diglycolamide abbreviated as TODGA, is one of the most promising extractant for actinide partitioning from high level nuclear waste. It forms reverse micelles in non polar solvents on equilibration with aqueous HNO(3) solutions. This reverse micellar system undergoes phase separation into dilute and concentrated reverse micellar solutions at high aqueous acid concentration. Small angle neutron scattering (SANS) studies reported in the literature explained this phenomenon based on gas-liquid type phase transition in the framework of Baxter adhesive hard sphere theory in the presence of a strong inter-micellar attractive interaction. The present investigation attempts to throw further light on this system by carrying out systematic dynamic light scattering (DLS) and viscometry studies, and their modeling on the TODGA reverse micellar solutions in the dodecane medium. The variation of the diffusion coefficient with the micellar volume fraction observed from the DLS studies is suggestive of the presence of an attractive interaction between the TODGA reverse micelles, which weakens at the high micellar volume fraction due to the increased dominance of the excluded volume effect. It is suggested that this weakened interaction is responsible for the absence of phase separation in this system at high TODGA concentration. The results thus highlight the importance of the presence of an attractive interaction between the TODGA micelles in determining the observed phase separation in the TODGA reverse micellar systems. The modeling of the DLS and viscosity data, however, suggest that the characteristic stickiness parameter of this system could be smaller than the critical value required for inducing a gas-liquid type phase transition.     

Volumes,heat capacities and solubilities of amyl compounds in decyltrimethylammonium bromide aqueous solutions

Apparent molar heat capacities and volumes of amylamine (PentNH₂) 0.02m, capronitrile (PentCN) 0.02m and nitropentane (PentNO₂) 0.009m in decyltrimethylammonium bromide (DeTAB) micellar solutions, in water and in octane were measured at 25°C. By assuming that their concentration approaches the standard infinite dilution state, heat capacities and volumes were rationalized by means of previously reported equations following which the distribution constant between the aqueous and the micellar phase and heat capacity and volume of the additives in both phases are simultaneously derived. The present results are compared to those we have previously obtained for pentanol (PentOH). The thermodynamic properties of PentNH₂ in water and in micellar phase are substantially identical to those of PentOH but different from those of PentCN and PentNO₂ whereas the opposite behavior was observed in their pure liquid state and in octane. The nature of the solvent medium seems to affect the thermodynamic behavior of PentNH₂. Also, the study of the apparent molar heat capacities of the amyl compounds investigated here in micellar solutions as a function of surfactant concentration shows evidence of a maximum at about 0.4m DeTAB, which can be attributed to a micellar structural transition. Accordingly, the solubilities of PentCN and PentNO₂ as a function of the DeTAB concentration drop in the neighborhood of the concentration where heat capacities display the maximum.     

核糖核酸酶A在丁酸十二铵-环己烷反胶束溶液中的催化动力学

研究了核糖核酸酶A(RNaseA)在丁酸十二铵(DAB)-环己烷反胶束溶液中催化水解胞苷2',3'-环单磷酸酯的动力学,数据符合Michaelis-Menten酶催化机理.以k_cat/K_m表示酶催化活性时,Rnase A在反胶束溶液中的催化活性是在水溶液中的14～30倍.无论是固定DAB浓度还是固定H₂O与DAB浓度之比,随增溶水量的增加,k_cat/K_m呈下降趋势.     

Concentration and medium micellar kinetic effects caused by morphological transitions

The reaction methyl naphthalene-2-sulfonate + Br(-) was investigated in several alkanediyl-α-ω-bis(dodecyldimethylammonium) bromide, 12-s-12,2Br(-) (with s = 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12), micellar solutions in the absence and in the presence of various additives. The additives were 1,2-propylene glycol, which remains in the bulk phase, N-decyl N-methylglucamide, MEGA10, which forms mixed micelles with the dimeric surfactants, and 1-butanol, which distributes between the aqueous and micellar phases. Information about the micellar reaction media was obtained by using conductivity and fluorescence measurements. In all cases, with the exception of water-1,2-prop 12-5-12,2Br(-) micellar solutions, with 30% weight percentage of the organic solvent, a sphere-to-rod transition takes place upon increasing surfactant concentration. In order to quantitatively explain the experimental data within the whole surfactant concentration range, a kinetic equation based on the pseudophase kinetic model was considered, together with the decrease in the micellar ionization degree accompanying micellar growth. However, theoretical predictions did not agree with the experimental kinetic data for surfactant concentrations above the morphological transition. An empirical kinetic equation was proposed in order to explain the data. It contains a parameter b which is assumed to account for the medium micellar kinetic effects caused by the morphological transition. The use of this empirical equation permits the quantitative rationalization of the kinetic micellar effects in the whole surfactant concentration range.     

Conductometric, surface tension, and kinetic studies in mixed SDS-Tween 20 and SDS-SB3-12 micellar solutions

Micellization in sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-N-dodecyl-N,N-dimethyl-3-ammonio-1-propanesulfonate and SDS-polyoxyethylenesorbitan monolaurate binary surfactant solutions was studied by means of conductivity and surface tension measurements. These studies showed that two types of micellar aggregates are present in the mixed micellar solutions. Two reactions were investigated in these micellar media, the oxidation of 1-methoxy-4-(methylthio)benzene by IO(4)(-) and the spontaneous hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate. Information on the distribution of reagents in the micellar reaction media was obtained through conductivity and spectroscopic measurements. Discussion of the kinetic data showed that the redox reaction takes place mainly in the aqueous phase of the mixed solutions, whereas hydrolysis occurs in the aqueous as well as in the micellar pseudophase. Variations in the observed rate constants of the two processes studied are gradual within the whole surfactant concentration range investigated, revealing little information about the mixed micellar medium.     

Micellar medium effects on the hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate in ionic,zwitterionic, nonionic,and mixed micellar solutions

The spontaneous hydrolysis of phenyl chloroformate was studied in various anionic, nonionic, zwitterionic, and cationic aqueous micellar solutions, as well as in mixed anionic–nonionic micellar solutions. In all cases, an increase in the surfactant concentration results in a decrease in the reaction rate and micellar effects were quantitatively explained in terms of distribution of the substrate between water and micelles and the first‐order rate constants in the aqueous and micellar pseudophases. A comparison of the kinetic data in nonionic micellar solutions to those in anionic and zwiterionic micellar solutions makes clear that charge effects of micelles is not the only factor responsible for the variations in the reaction rate. Depletion of water in the interfacial region and its different characteristics as compared to bulk water, the presence of high ionic concentration in the Stern layer of ionic micelles, and differences in the stabilization of the initial state and the transition state by hydrophobic interactions with surfactant tails can also influence reactivity. The different deceleration of the reaction observed in the various micellar solutions studied was discussed by considering these factors. Synergism in mixed‐micellar solutions is shown through the kinetic data obtained in these media. © 2002 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 34: 445–451, 2002     

Conformation and dynamics of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij-35) chains in aqueous micellar solution studied by 2D NOESY and 1H NMR relaxation

Spin-lattice relaxation time, spin-spin relaxation time and two-dimensional nuclear Overhauser enhancement spectroscopy (2D NOESY) experiments of polyoxyethylene lauryl ether (Brij-35) micelles in aqueous solutions at a concentration of 100 times the critical micellar concentration (cmc) give direct evidence that the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains, staying in the exterior of the micellar core, are coiled, bent and aligned around the micellar core with a certain number of water molecules included. This hydrophilic layer is in contact with the solvent, water, keeping the micellar solution stable. 1H NMR relaxation time measurements show that the first oxyethylene group next to the alkyl chain participates in the formation of the surface area of the micellar core. The motion of the hydrophilic polyoxyethylene chains is less restricted as compared with the hy-drophobic alkyl chains.     

Catalysis of aryl ester hydrolysis in the presence of metallomicelles containing a copper(II) diethylenetriamine derivative

The novel metallosurfactant Cu(II)-1-tetradecyldiethylenetriamine (Cu(II)TDET) was prepared, and the hydrolyses of 2-acetoxy-5-nitrobenzoic acid (1), 4-acetoxy-3-nitrobenzoic acid (2), 4-nitrophenyl acetate (3), and 2-nitrophenyl acetate (4) in the presence of micellar Cu(II)TDET were examined. The rate of ester hydrolysis for the series followed the order 1 approximately 2>3>4. The larger observed rate (kpsi) for 1 and 2 was attributed to (i) electrostatic interaction between the carboxylate anion and the cationic metallomicelle surface and (ii) the formation of a ternary complex metal:surfactant ligand:substrate (MLnS). The position of the carboxylate anion in the substrate did not significantly affect catalysis. Similar rates were observed when the carboxylate anion was ortho to the acyl ester 1 or para to the reaction center 2. The absence of a significant difference may be associated with the ternary complex coordination geometry, which unfavorably aligned the ligated substrate and the metal-bound hydroxyl. Mixed micellar solutions containing Cu(II)TDET and MTAB or Triton X-100 were examined. Added cosurfactants have a pronounced effect on the catalytic activity of Cu(II)TDET. At a low concentration of Cu(II)TDET the addition of MTAB or Triton X-100 increased the pseudo-first-order rate constant (kpsi) for the hydrolysis of 1 and 3 relative to the rate in pure Cu(II)TDET. The addition of a cosurfactant increased the total micellar volume (VM), promoting substrate incorporation within the pseudophase. At higher metallosurfactant concentration, the rate enhancement was smaller due to the dilution of the substrate within the co-micellar pseudophase.     

Effect of the addition of a nonaqueous polar solvent (glycerol) on enzymatic catalysis in reverse micelles. Hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl acetate by alpha-chymotrypsin

The kinetics of hydrolysis of 2-naphthyl acetate (2-NA) catalyzed by alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT), in reverse micellar solutions formed by glycerol (GY)-water (38% v/v) mixture/sodium bis(2-ethylhexyl)sulfosuccinate (AOT)/n-heptane has been determined by spectroscopic measurements. To compare the efficiency of this reaction with that observed in micelles with water in the core, as well as in the corresponding homogeneous media, the reaction was also studied in water/AOT/n-heptane reverse micellar solutions and in both homogeneous media (water and GY-water, 38% v/v mixture). In every media, alpha-CT was characterized by the absorption and emission spectra, the fluorescence lifetimes, and the fluorescence anisotropy of its tryptophan residues. The effect of AOT concentration on the kinetic parameters obtained in the micellar systems was determined, at a constant molar ratio of the inner polar solvent and surfactant. Moreover, the data obtained allowed the evaluation of the 2-NA partition constant between the organic and the micellar pseudophase. It is shown that the addition of GY to the micelle interior results in an increase in the catalytic properties of alpha-CT. The fluorescence anisotropy studies in the different media show that the addition of GY increases the viscosity as compared with the aqueous systems. It seems that the GY addition to the reverse micellar aggregates results in a decrease of the conformational mobility of alpha-CT, which leads to an increase of the enzyme stability and activity.     

Small-angle neutron scattering of ionic perfluoropolyether micellar solutions: role of counterions and temperature

This paper reports a small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) characterization of perfluoropolyether (PFPE) aqueous micellar solutions with lithium, sodium, cesium and diethanol ammonium salts obtained from a chlorine terminated carboxylic acid and with two perfluoroisopropoxy units in the tail (n(2)). The counterion and temperature effects on the micelle formation and micellar growth extend our previous work on ammonium and potassium salts n(2) micellar solutions. Lithium, sodium, cesium and diethanol ammonium salts are studied at 0.1 and 0.2 M surfactant concentration in the temperature interval 28-67 degrees C. SANS spectra have been analyzed by a two-shell model for the micellar form factor and a screened Coulombic plus steric repulsion potential for the structure factor in the frame of the mean spherical approximation of a multicomponent system reduced to a generalized one component macroions system (GOCM). At 28 degrees C, for all the salts, the micelles are ellipsoidal with an axial ratio that increases from 1.6 to 4.2 as the counterion volume increases. The micellar core short axis is 13 A and the shell thickness 4.0 A for the alkali micelles, and 14 and 5.1 A for the diethanol ammonium micelles. Therefore, the core short axis mainly depends on the surfactant tail length and the shell thickness on the carboxylate polar head. The bulky diethanol ammonium counterion solely influences the shell thickness. Micellar charge and average aggregation number depend on concentration, temperature and counterion. At 28 degrees C, the fractional ionization decreases vs the counterion volume (or molecular weight) increase at constant concentration for both C = 0.1 M and C = 0.2 M. The increase of the counterion volume leads also to more ellipsoidal shapes. At C = 0.2 M, at 67 degrees C, for sodium and cesium micelles the axial ratio changes significantly, leading to spherical micelles with a core radius of 15 A, lower average aggregation number, and larger fractional ionization.     

Phase behavior and rheological properties of enzymatically synthesized trehalose decanoate aqueous solutions

Surface tension properties of an enzymatically synthesized equimolar mixture of trehalose mono- and didecanoate in aqueous solutions have been determined. At 20 degrees C a critical micellar concentration (CMC) of 50 micromol/l and a minimal surface tension of 28 mN/m have been obtained. Above the CMC, it has been shown that up to a concentration of 42 wt%, and in a 20-60 degrees C temperature range the sugar ester aqueous solutions do not form any crystalline structure, nor present any phase transition, and the trehalose decanoate molecules form an isotropic worm-like micellar phase. The rheological properties indicate however a more complicated picture in the same concentration and temperature ranges. In steady shear, the viscosity of the trehalose decanoate solutions do not exhibit any shear rate dependence from 1 to 100 s(-1) for concentrations up to 42 wt%. Below 0.8 wt%, the viscosity remains constant and close to that of water; then, between 0.8 and 23 wt%, the viscosity shows a quadratic increase with surfactant concentration. For higher concentrations, up to 42 wt%, no further significant increase in viscosity is observed. In oscillatory shear experiments, the solutions exhibit viscoelastic properties. The observed rheological behavior as a function of concentration and temperature may be due to a progressive evolution of the trehalose decanoate molecular associations: as the concentration increases, the system evolves towards an entangled and/or partially branched or cross-linked micellar network, and eventually a multiconnected network of cross-linked micelles.