Adsorptive scavenging of cationic dyes from aquatic phase by H3PO4 activated Indian jujube (Ziziphus mauritiana) seeds based activated carbon: Isotherm,kinetics, and thermodynamic study

In the present work, a cost-effective Indian jujube seeds derived activated carbon (IJSAC) prepared via o-phosphoric acid chemical activation, is studied for the sequestration of acriflavine (AF) and Victoria blue B (VB) from the aquatic environment. The activated carbon is characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, N₂-adsorption/desorption isotherm, scanning electron microscopy techniques and point of zero-charge measurement. The specific surface area (S_BET) of 571 m²/g with a pore radius of 22.45 Å specifies mesoporous nature of the IJSAC. The implication of operational conditions on the adsorption of both dyes onto IJSAC assessed by batch methodology, establish the optimal conditions as dosage (1.5 and 2.5 g/L), contact time (60 min), pH (8 and 10), and initial concentration (130 and 140 mg/L) for AF and VB uptake, respectively. The Freundlich adsorption isotherm model (R² = 0.99) appropriates the equilibrium data suggesting multilayer adsorption onto heterogeneous surface sites, while pseudo-second order (R² = 0.95–0.99) is the best fit kinetic model. The liquid film and intraparticle diffusion modelling demonstrate that the adsorption process of these dyes is governed by both the steps. Maximum Langmuir adsorption capacity is 113.6 mg/g for acriflavine and 92.78 mg/g for Victoria blue B. Thermodynamic studies indicate endothermic and spontaneous adsorption of dyes. The adsorption mechanism for the uptake of AF and VB by IJSAC most probably involves hydrogen bonding, electrostatic and π-π interactions. Based on its high adsorption capacity, relatively faster kinetics, and reusability, IJSAC can be perceived as a proficient and effective adsorbent for cationic dyes removal from the liquid waste.     

Synthesis of NiO coated chitosan-cenosphere buoyant composite for enhanced adsorptive removal of methylene blue

The objective of the present study is to utilize fly ash cenosphere to remove methylene blue (MB) from the water streams. Nickel oxide is a typical semiconductor used as proficient adsorbent material for degradation of dye with environment friendly applications due to its excellent chemical stability and high catalytic activity. The chitosan cenosphere buoyant composite coated with NiO was synthesized with hydrothermal grafting reaction using silane coupling agent and epichlorohydrin as a cross-linking reagent. The batch adsorption experiments were carried out with a cationic dye, methylene blue as a representative organic pollutant to investigate the adsorptive capabilities of the composite as adsorbent. The influence of pH (2-12), initial concentration of dye (50–200 mg/L), temperature (37–47 °C) and contact time (0–24 h) were taken as parameters in the study. On the relative elimination of MB, the effect of time and temperature were investigated. The adsorption kinetics for MB was correlated and found to observe the pseudo-second order kinetic model, whereas the equilibrium adsorption isotherm follows the Langmuir model (R² > 0.99). The results indicate that the floating fly ash cenosphere coated with NiO proved to be more responsive for enhanced degradation of methylene blue.     

Valorization of two waste streams into activated carbon and studying its adsorption kinetics,equilibrium isotherms and thermodynamics for methylene blue removal

Wastes must be managed properly to avoid negative impacts that may result. Open burning of waste causes air pollution which is particularly hazardous. Flies, mosquitoes and rats are major problems in poorly managed surroundings. Uncollected wastes often cause unsanitary conditions and hinder the efforts to keep streets and open spaces in a clean and attractive condition. During final disposal methane is generated, it is much more effective than carbon dioxide as a greenhouse gas, leading to climate change. Therefore, this study describes the possible valorization of two waste streams into activated carbon (AC) with added value due to copyrolysis. High efficiency activated carbon was prepared by the copyrolysis of palm stem waste and lubricating oil waste. The effects of the lubricating oil waste to palm stem ratio and the carbonization temperature on the yield and adsorption capacity of the activated carbon were investigated. The results indicated that the carbon yield depended strongly on both the carbonization temperature and the lubricating oil to palm stem ratio. The efficiency of the adsorption of methylene blue (MB) onto the prepared carbons increased when the lubricating oil to palm stem ratio increased due to synergistic effect. The effects of pH, contact time, and the initial adsorbate concentration on the adsorption of methylene blue were investigated. The maximum adsorption capacity (128.89 mg/g) of MB occurred at pH 8.0. The MB adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order and intraparticle diffusion kinetic models. The results indicated that the adsorption of MB onto activated carbon is best described using a second order kinetic model. Adsorption data are well fitted with Langmuir and Freundlich isotherms. The thermodynamic parameters; ΔG°, ΔH° and ΔS° indicate that the adsorption is spontaneous and endothermic.     

Mechanistic insights into methylene blue removal via olive stone-activated carbon: A study on surface porosity and characterization

Global attention is increasingly focused on the adverse health and environmental impacts of textile dyes, marking the necessity for effective and sustainable dye remediation strategies in industrial wastewater. This study introduces a novel, eco-friendly activated carbon produced from olive stones (OLS), a readily available by-product of the olive oil industry. The OLS was chemically activated with H₃PO₄ and KOH, creating two materials: OLS-P and OLS-K, respectively. These were then utilized as cost-effective adsorbents for the removal of methylene blue (MB) dye. The activated materials were characterized via X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), iodine number, and pHpzc analysis, with the zero-point charge determined as approximately pH 1 for OLS-P and pH 8 for OLS-K. Batch adsorption experiments conducted at various temperatures revealed that adsorption process followed the pseudo-second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model. Temperature was found to significantly impact adsorption performance, with OLS-K demonstrating a substantial increase in adsorption capacity (q_e) from 6.27 mg/g at 23˚C to 94.7 mg/g at 32 ˚C. Conversely, OLS-P displayed a decrease in q_e from 16.78 mg/g at 23 ˚C to 3.67 mg/g at 32 ˚C as temperature increased. The study highlights the potential of KOH-treated olive stones as a promising, cost-efficient adsorbent for methylene blue remediation from wastewater.     

Removal of cationic methylene blue and malachite green dyes from aqueous solution by waste materials of Daucus carota

In present study adsorption capacity of waste materials of Daucus carota plant (carrot stem powder: CSP and carrot leaves powder: CLP) was explored for the removal of methylene blue (MB) malachite green (MG) dye from water. The morphology and functional groups present were investigated by scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy. The operating variables studied were pH, adsorbent dose, ionic strength, initial dye concentration, contact time and temperature. Equilibrium data were analysed using Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models and monolayer adsorption capacity of adsorbents were calculated. Kinetic data were studied using pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models and the mechanism of adsorption was described by intraparticle diffusion model.Various thermodynamic parameters such as enthalpy of adsorption ΔH°, free energy change ΔG° and entropy ΔS° were estimated. Negative value of ΔH° and negative values of ΔG° showed that the adsorption process was exothermic and spontaneous. Negative value of entropy ΔS° showed the decreased randomness at the solid–liquid interface during the adsorption of MB and MG onto CSP and CLP.     

ZnO/C纳米球的亚甲基蓝单吸附特性:平衡、动力学及机理

采用电弧放电法制备了ZnO/C纳米球,利用FESEM、XRD和N₂吸附/脱附测试进行了表征。在避光条件下研究了复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。研究结果表明,随着亚甲基蓝的浓度及接触时间的增长吸附量明显上升,在吸附时间为150 min时达到吸附平衡。采用Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin等温吸附模式对吸附平衡进行了研究。结果表明,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模式,单层吸附饱和容量可达188.68 mg·g^-1。利用动力学模型、内扩散模型和外扩散速率控制模型拟合实验数据,拟合数据表明其动力学符合伪二级动力学模型;内扩散机理不是吸附速率的唯一限制机理,亚甲基蓝的总吸附速率受膜扩散控制。     

ZnO/C纳米球的亚甲基蓝单吸附特性:平衡、动力学及机理

采用电弧放电法制备了ZnO/C纳米球,利用FESEM、XRD和N₂吸附/脱附测试进行了表征。在避光条件下研究了复合材料对亚甲基蓝的吸附性能。研究结果表明,随着亚甲基蓝的浓度及接触时间的增长吸附量明显上升,在吸附时间为150 min时达到吸附平衡。采用Langmuir、Freundlich及Temkin等温吸附模式对吸附平衡进行了研究。结果表明,吸附等温线符合Langmuir等温吸附模式,单层吸附饱和容量可达188.68 mg·g^-1。利用动力学模型、内扩散模型和外扩散速率控制模型拟合实验数据,拟合数据表明其动力学符合伪二级动力学模型;内扩散机理不是吸附速率的唯一限制机理,亚甲基蓝的总吸附速率受膜扩散控制。     

Non-linear modelling of the adsorption of Indigo Carmine dye from wastewater onto characterized activated carbon/volcanic ash composite

Over the past couple of years, the resurgence of placing an effective and sustainable amendment to combat against the auxiliary industrial entities like Indigo Carmine (IC), remains a highly contested agenda from a global point. The birth of non-linear modelling for these auxiliary entities is also of significant interest in order to avoid loss of some useful information. With the renaissance of activated carbon (AC), the AC prepared from palm kernel shells (PKSAC) and composite prepared by combining the PKSAC and porous volcanic ash (BVA) from the foot of active volcanic mountain of Cameroon will be of significant contribution for ever increasing pollution problems. Non-linear modelling method was used to model the uptake capacity by adsorption process of IC onto PKSAC and PKSAC/BVA composite. Effects of contact time (0–60 min), adsorbent dose, pH of solution and initial dye concentration (10–20 ppm) were studied on the quantity removal of the hazardous IC dye from aqueous solution in a batch experiment. The prepared PKSAC and PKSAC/BVA composite were characterized using Nitrogen adsorption at 77 K (BET), Fourier transform Infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Sacanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive X Ray (SEM-EDX), and particle size. The optimum IC uptake was 11.025 and 12.642 mg/g for PKSAC and PKSAC/BVA composites adsorbent respectively. Four Isotherms and kinetic non-linear regression models each were used to model the adsorption data. It results that for the isotherm models, the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models best fitted the adsorption phenomenon while pseudo-first and pseudo-second order kinetic models well described the adsorption mechanism. Furthermore, the adsorption speed constant (α) of the Elovich kinetic model being higher than the desorption coefficient (β) implies chemisorption was the dominant mechanism in the adsorption process. The composite shows 14.67% higher in retention capacity of the IC dye than the pristine carbon. Conclusively, the expanding of activated carbon/volcanic ash composite represents a potentially viable and powerful tool, leading to the plausible improvement of environmental preservation.     

Polyethyleneimine-grafted polyphosphazene microspheres for rapid and efficient capture of anionic dyes from wastewater

Developing novel adsorbent to capture organic contaminants from wastewater rapidly and efficiently is highly desirable for waste treatment and environmental restoration. Herein, we reported a new amino-rich spherical adsorbent (PZS-PEI) for highly-efficient uptake of anionic dyes from aqueous solution. The PZS-PEI adsorbent was fabricated through a two-step process including synthesis of PZS-Cl microspheres via room temperature polymerization of hexachlorocyclotriphosphazene with bis(4-hydroxyphenyl) sulfone and subsequent surface grafting reaction of PZS-Cl microspheres using branched polyethyleneimine (PEI). The microstructure of as-obtained PZS-PEI microspheres was fully characterized by scanning electron microscopy, Fourier transform infrared, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, zeta potential, and N₂ adsorption test. The adsorption performance of the PZS-PEI microspheres towards organic dyes was evaluated through carrying out a series of studies including various influence factor analysis, adsorption isotherm, kinetics, and thermodynamics. Results show that the PZS-PEI adsorbent owned good adsorption selectivity towards anionic dyes, and the maximum adsorption capacities for methyl orange (MO), acid chrome blue K, eosin-Y reached 190.29, 152.90, and 92.34 mg/g at 25 °C, respectively. In addition, the uptake behavior of organic dye by the PZS-PEI adsorbent conformed to Freundlich isotherm and pseudo-second order kinetic model, and the adsorption process followed a three-stage intraparticle diffusion mode with an endothermic and spontaneous characteristic. Electrostatic interaction and hydrogen bonding were responsible for the highly-efficient adsorption of the PZS-PEI adsorbent towards typical anionic dye MO.     

Evaluation of PANI-Averraoha bilimbi leaves activated carbon nanocomposite for Cd2+ and Pb2+ removal from wastewater

In current investigation, we synthesized new Polyaniline-Averraoha Bilimbi Leaves Activated Carbon (PANI-ABLC) nanocomposites and utilized as cost effectual for the elimination of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions from the wastewater. The synthesized nanocomposite was confirmed by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) with Energy Dispersive X-Ray (EDX), Fourier Transform-Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and X-Ray Diffraction (X-RD) techniques. A batch adsorption study carried in wastewater containing different concentrations of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions in the temperature range of 303–343 K. The results show that, around 80% of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions from the wastewater was successfully isolated by using PANI-ABLC nanocomposite. Attempts were made to fit adsorption to different isotherm models. The PANI-ABLC nanocomposite complied Langmuir adsorption model (R² = 0.999) and pseudo-second order kinetics. Further, maximum adsorption efficiency observed at 0.5 g of Polyaniline-Averraoha bilimbi leaves activated carbon nanocomposites. AC- Impedance Spectroscopy (IS) technique shows that, Polyaniline-Averraoha Bilimbi Leaves Activated Carbon (PANI-ABLC) nanocomposite is suitable for removal of Cd²⁺ and Pb²⁺ ions from the wastewater. AC impedance spectroscopy technique study shows that, the process of adsorption was controlled by charge transfer process.     

Fabrication and optimization calix[8]arene-PbS nanoadsorbents for the adsorption of methylene blue: Isotherms,kinetics and thermodynamics studies

The present study aims to determine the adsorption behaviour of methylene blue (MB) dye based on calix[8]arene-modified lead sulphide (PbS) nanoadsorbents under optimal conditions. Response surface methodology (RSM) was executed to evaluate the interactive effect of three factors (adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH) on the adsorption of MB dye using a central composite design (CCD). The optimised values for adsorbent dosage, contact time, and pH solution were found to be 45.00 mg of calix[8]arene-modified PbS, contact time of 180 min, and pH 6. This study reports the results of batch adsorption experiments, which include the adsorption capacity, kinetics, and isotherm of the MB adsorption process. Pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order were demonstrated for their quality to fit the data. Pseudo-second order was the best in fitting the adsorption data with the higher R² values (R² > 0.928), indicating chemisorption to be the mechanism of adsorption. The Langmuir and Freundlich equilibrium models were employed to determine the isotherm parameters. The equilibrium assessment illustrated that the Langmuir isotherm model fitted well with the adsorption data, and a maximum MB adsorption capacity of 11.90 mg/g was achieved. The characterisation studies with EDX, FESEM, and FTIR indicated a successful synthesis of calix[8]arene-modified PbS.     

Glycine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide for methylene blue removal

Glycine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide (GRGO) was prepared through the reaction of glycine and chlorine‐functionalized reduced graphene oxide. The product was characterized by SEM, HRTEM, IR, Raman, and XPS. The nitrogen content (8.28%) was high in product, peak at 285.8 eV was assigned to the C–N bond, which implied that the chlorine residues in raw material were substituted by amine group of glycine. The intensity ratio of D and G peak was about 1.5, which also implied that more saturated carbon atoms were present in the product. Results of SEM, IR, and XPS confirmed that glycine molecules were attached to graphene sheets. Compared with reduced graphene oxide (61.5 mg/g) and active carbon (45.2 mg/g), GRGO had a good adsorption capacity (98.9 mg/g) for methylene blue. The adsorption process was fitted to three kinetic models and three adsorption isotherm models. The adsorption process complied with pseudo‐second order kinetic model and Langmuir model.     

Adsorption of cationic methylene blue dye using microwave-assisted activated carbon derived from acacia wood: Optimization and batch studies

This study assesses the performance of optimized acacia wood-based activated carbon (AWAC) as an adsorbent for methylene blue (MB) dye removal in aqueous solution. AWAC was prepared via a physicochemical activation process that consists of potassium hydroxide (KOH) treatment, followed by carbon dioxide (CO₂) gasification under microwave heating. By using response surface methodology (RSM), the optimum preparation conditions of radiation power, radiation time, and KOH-impregnation ratio (IR) were determined to be 360 W, 4.50 min, and 0.90 g/g respectively, which resulted in 81.20 mg/g of MB dye removal and 27.96% of AWAC’s yield. Radiation power and IR had a major effect on MB dye removal while radiation power and radiation time caused the greatest impact on AWAC’s yield. BET surface area, mesopore surface area, and pore volume of optimized AWAC were found to be 1045.56 m²/g, 689.77 m²/g, and 0.54 cm³/g, respectively. Adsorption of MB onto AWAC followed Langmuir and pseudo-second order for isotherm and kinetic studies respectively, with a Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of 338.29 mg/g. Mechanism studies revealed that the adsorption process was controlled by film diffusion mechanism and indicated to be thermodynamically exothermic in nature.     

Isotherm modelling and optimization of oil layer removal from surface water by organic acid activated plantain peels fiber

This research aimed to optimize and model the adsorption process of oil layer removal using activated plantain peels fiber (PPF), a biomass-based material. The adsorbent was activated by thermal and esterification methods using human and environmentally friendly organic acid. Effects of process parameters were examined by one factor at a time (OFAT) batch adsorption studies, revealing optimal conditions for oil removal. Also, RSM, ANN and ANFIS were used to adequately predict the oil removal with correlation coefficient > 0.98. RSM modelling revealed the best conditions as 90 °C, 0.2 mg/l, 1.5 g, 6 and 75 mins, for temperature, oil–water ratio, adsorbent dosage, pH and contact time respectively. Under these simulated conditions, the predicted oil removal was 96.88 %, which was experimentally validated as 97.44 %. Thermodynamic studies revealed the activation energy, change in enthalpy and change in entropy for irreversible pseudo-first order and pseudo-second order model as (15.82, 24.17, ?0.614 KJ/mols) and (33.21,40.31, ?0.106 KJ/mols) respectively, indicating non-spontaneous process; while modeling studies revealed that the adsorption process was highly matched to Langmuir’s isotherm, with maximum adsorption capacity of 50.34 mg/g. At the end of the overall statistical modelling, ANFIS performed marginally better than the ANN and RSM. It can be concluded from these results that our biomass-based material is an efficient, economically viable and sustainable adsorbent for oil removal, and has potentials for commercialization since the process of adsorption highly matched with standard models, and its capacity or percentage oil removal also compares favorably to that of commercially available adsorbents.     

Production of activated carbon from sludge of food processing industry under controlled pyrolysis and its application for methylene blue removal

The present work aims to conduct a process optimization for the production of activated carbon from sludge of food processing industry. The significant feature of this sludge based activated carbon that makes it unique and economic is that it can be produced from waste material. The carbonaceous nature of this sludge does not allow its direct disposal to land because of excess organic and nutrient load contents, however, can be converted to a value added product. This process not only eliminates the need for further treatment of sludge but also reduce the cost of its handling, land filling, and transportation as well as the utilization in the same industry in the purification system.In the present work, activated carbon produced from pyrolysis of sludge was chemically activated by various activating agents. Optimization of impregnation ratio, impregnation time, activation temperature, and activation time was studied. The product was characterized through its iodine value and yield percentage. It was observed that the product had maximum iodine value of 624 mg g⁻¹ with ZnCl₂ as an activating agent. The FT-IR analysis depicts the presence of a variety of functional groups attached on the surface of activated carbon which are used in the interaction with the adsorbate during the process of adsorption. The XRD analysis reveals that the produced activated carbon has low content of inorganic constituents compared with the precursor. The product formed was applied for methylene blue adsorption. The adsorption equilibrium of methylene blue dye was examined at room temperature. Adsorption isotherm was drawn by applying Langmuir and Freundlich models fitting the data indict, with an adsorption capacity of 23.6 mg g⁻¹ and 14.2 mg g⁻¹, respectively. The data show that methylene blue adsorption is best suited to Langmuir equation.     

Adsorption of chlorinated organic compounds from water with cerium oxide-activated carbon composite

Adsorptive removal of dichloromethane, chloroform, and carbon tetrachloride from aqueous solutions at 25 °C by activated carbon (AC) that was loaded with cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeO₂-NP/AC) was investigated. The developed adsorbent was characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), FTIR spectrophotometer, X-ray diffraction (XRD), and thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA). The effect of contact time, initial concentration, and the adsorbent dosage were also studied. The equilibrium and kinetics of adsorption were studied in a batch-type adsorption system, and the equilibrium experimental data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin isotherm models. Freundlich adsorption isotherm showed the best fit for the equilibrium adsorption data. Three adsorption kinetic models, pseudo first- and second-order, and intraparticle diffusion models were applied to test the kinetic data. Kinetic characterization of the adsorption process onto CeO₂-NP/AC is well-described by the pseudo second-order model, and the adsorption best-fit by the intraparticle diffusion model. Our study shows that at optimum conditions, 82.72%, 99.40% and 89.42% of dichloromethane, chloroform, and tetrachloride, respectively, were removed by CeO₂-NP/AC, at concentration between 0.25 and 5.00 g/L.     

Adsorption of methylene blue onto jute fiber carbon: kinetics and equilibrium studies

Jute fiber obtained from the stem of a plant was used to prepare activated carbon using phosphoric acid. Feasibility of employing this jute fiber activated carbon (JFC) for the removal of Methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solution was investigated. The adsorption of MB on JFC has found to dependent on contact time, MB concentration and pH. Experimental result follows Langmuir isotherm model and the capacity was found to be 225.64 mg/g. The optimum pH for the MB removal was found to be 5-10. The kinetic data obtained at different concentrations have been analyzed using a pseudo-first-order, pseudo-second-order equation, intraparticle diffusion and Elovich equation. Among the kinetic models studied, the intraparticle diffusion was the best applicable model to describe the adsorption of MB onto JFC.     

Preparation and characterization of activated carbons from Sterculia alata nutshell by chemical activation with zinc chloride to remove phenol from wastewater

Nutshells of Sterculia alata, a forest waste, were used to prepare activated carbons by zinc chloride activation under four different activation atmospheres, to develop carbons with substantial capability, and to adsorb phenol from wastewater. Experiments were carried out at different chemical ratios (activating agent/precursor). Effect of carbonization temperature and time are the important variables, which had significant effect on the pore structure of carbon. Developed activated carbon was characterized by SEM analysis. Pore volume and surface area were estimated by Hg porosimetry and BET surface area analyses. The carbons showed surface area and micropore volumes of around 712 m²/g and 0.542 cm³/g, respectively. The activated carbon developed shows substantial capability to adsorb phenol from wastewater. The kinetic data were fitted to the models of intraparticle diffusion, pseudo-second order, and Lagergren model and followed more closely the pseudo-second-order chemisorption model. The isotherm equilibrium data were well-fitted by the Langmuir and Freundlich models. The maximum uptake of phenol was found at pH 3.5.     

Adsorption of antimony using amino-functionalized magnetic MIL-101(Cr): Optimization by response surface methodology

Amino-functionalized magnetic MIL-101(Cr) was prepared via a one-step solvothermal method, characterized, and applied in adsorptive Sb(III) removal. The effects of solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and coexisting substances on the adsorption of Sb(III) by MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ were studied. The adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, intraparticle diffusion, and Elovich models, while Freundlich and Langmuir isotherm models were used to fit the experimental data. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model provided the best fit for the kinetic data. The maximum adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ for Sb(III) was 91.07 ​mg/g, as calculated using the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Thermodynamic analysis revealed that the adsorption of antimony onto MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ is spontaneous and endothermic, while response surface optimization revealed that the optimal conditions for Sb(III) adsorption by MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ are an adsorbent loading of 222.55 ​mg/L, a pH of 4.5, and a temperature of 294.59 ​K. The predicted adsorption capacity of MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ for Sb(III) is only a 1.8% deviation from the actual value. Furthermore, MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ exhibits strong magnetism, allowing it to be separated from wastewater using a magnet. Finally, a preliminary economic analysis showed that the cost of treating a ton wastewater containing 25 ​mg/L antimony using this composite would be 26.24 USD. Thus, MIL-101(Cr)–NH₂/MnFe₂O₄ is promising for treatment of Sb(III)-containing wastewater.