自由表面磁流体射流不稳定性分析(Ⅱ)

用微分解析方法分析了自由表面磁流体射流在两个非均匀、相互垂直的横向磁场中的稳定性行为。获得了在给定射流初始速度分布和磁场分布条件下射流的速度空间分布表达式;分析了射流扭转及向外溅射的位置。     

自由表面磁流体射流不稳定性分析(II)

用微分解析方法分析了自由表面磁流体射流在两个非均匀、相互垂直的横向磁场中的稳定性行为。获得了在给定射流初始速度分布和磁场分布条件下射流的速度空间分布表达式;分析了射流扭转及向外溅射的位置。     

液态金属自由表面射流在非均匀磁场下的磁流体力学效应研究

近年来，由于考虑液态金属作为偏滤器／限制器和第一壁的面对等离子体材料，液态金属自由表面受到越来越多的关注。原因在于液态金属自由表面具有高效的排热和吸热性能、能随强的中子辐照和高的表面热功率密度等特点，而这是未来先进聚变堆对偏滤器、限制器、第～壁材料所要求的。为此，美国启动了庞大的研究项目——ALPS／APEX，而各主要发达国家也展开这方面相关的研究工作。但是目前对于液态金属自由表面在聚变相关条件下的了解还是很有限的，特别是射流，这是由于射流在非均匀磁场下的行为太复杂：一方面是涉及流体力学的自由表面问题。另一方面是导致其更为复杂化的磁流体力学（MHD）效应。本文就液态金属自由表面射流在非均匀磁场下的稳定性展开研究，而研究其稳定性的关键在于它的磁流体力学效应。     

自由表面磁流体射流不稳定性分析（Ⅱ）

在“自由表面磁流体射流不稳定性分析(Ⅰ)”一文中，分析了圆形截面自由表面磁流体射流在一个均匀或非均匀磁场中的不稳定性行为。本文以类似的方法分析了圆形截面射流(下文“射流”亦特指“圆形截面射流”)在两个相互垂直且非均匀的横向磁场中的磁流体不稳定性行为；这是磁聚变中液态金属偏滤器和限制器所处的情况，即，环向和极向磁场同时作用于自由表面射流。     

非均匀磁场中自由表面液态射流的MHD稳定性分析

基于在液态金属实验回路上的实验,对非均匀磁场中液态金属射流的MHD稳定性进行了研究,建立了一个描述射流性能的简化模型。由此简化模型所得的结果与从实验获得的结果相比较表明,它们相当吻合,并发现在此液态金属射流中存在一个固有稳定性区域。     

平行壁变形导电管磁流体层流数值模拟

采用自主开发的基于 OpenFOAM 环境下的磁流体求解器,对外加横向均匀磁场的导电方管、平行 壁内凹导电管以及平行壁外凸导电管内的磁流体进行了层流数值模拟。在壁面电导率为 0.01、流体雷诺数为 500、 哈特曼数为 500~2000 的条件下,研究了三种导电管中液态金属磁流体速度分布和压降。结果表明：平行壁内凹 和外凸对速度分布具有显著影响;在相同参数条件下,平行壁内凹管的压降大于方管,而平行壁外凸管的压降小 于方管。     

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分析了磁流体力学效应对液态金属自由表面射流稳定性的影响。从射流的感应电势、电流、速度等方面,解释射流在磁场中稳定的原因。数值计算结果验证了理论分析。     

聚变堆同芯母管流速分布的MHD效应研究

磁约束聚变堆中的液态金属包层等部件处于磁场之中,在磁流体动力学效应的影响下,液态金属的流速分布及压降会随磁场不同而改变。本文基于相容守恒格式,对液态锂铅包层中的重要结构同芯母管,在磁场作用下的流速分布进行了数值模拟。对不同方向加磁场的计算结果表明,磁场会对其所在方向上的流动产生拉平效应,对于同芯母管而言,沿宽度方向所加的磁场能使流量在不同出口管道之间均匀分布,沿高度方向所加的磁场主要使同一出口管道中流速均匀分布,而对于管道间的流量分布作用较小。     

基于MHD的磁射流抛光中流场的分析与模拟

从理论上分析了磁射流抛光中的磁场与流场的相互作用,构建了磁射流抛光的冲击射流模型,基于磁流体动力学对磁射流抛光过程的紊动冲击射流进行数值模拟,得到了磁射流抛光过程的连续流场和射流在工件壁面上的压力、速度、紊动强度分布。通过比较射流抛光和磁射流抛光的数值计算结果,分析了磁流变效应对射流稳定性的影响,从射流的流场、速度、紊动强度等方面分析射流在磁场中稳定的原因。     

液态金属自由表面膜流MHD效应的数值模拟

对液态金属自由表面膜流在强磁场下的磁流体力学效应进行了数值模拟研究,获得了液态金属自由表面的形状、截面流速分布及截面上的电动势分布,从而能对膜流的一些磁流体动力学行为作出解释。数值计算结果与理论分析和实验结果符合较好。由实验和数值模拟结果可以得出,液态金属膜流通过强磁场时,磁场会阻碍膜流的运动。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Theoretical analysis and simulation of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO system in lidar

A multi-conjugate adaptive optics （MCAO） can offer a possibility of widening field of view （FOV） characterized by the isoplanatic angle, and the choose of conjugate height becomes a basic problem for MCAO, which influences the size of iosplanatic angle. Considering the application of lidar, the isoplanatic angle＇s expressions of two deformable mirrors （DMs） MCAO for uplink and downlink are deduced. The effects of conjugate heights for dual-conjugate AO are thoughtfully discussed, and the isoplanatic angles are further analyzed. The results show that the isopanatic angle varies with the conjugate height and reaches the maximum as the conjugate height is at the optimal altitude. Moreover, the optimal conjugate height changes with the propagation distance.     

Quick single-photon detector with many avalanche photo diodes working on the time division

Due to the limit of response speed of the present single-photon detector, the code rate is still too low to come into practical use for the present quantum key distribution (QKD) system.A new idea is put up to design a quick single-photon detector.This quick single-photon detector is composed of a multi-port optic-fiber splitter and many avalanche photo diodes (APDs).Au of the ports with APDs work on the time division and cooperate with a logic discriminating and deciding unit driven by the clock signal.The operation frequency lies on the number N of ports, and can reach N times of the conventional single-photon detector.The single-photon prompt detection can come true for high repetition-rate pulses.The applying of this detector will largely raise the code rate of the QKD, and boost the commercial use.     

Measurement of nonlinear coefficient of optical fiber based on small chirped soliton transmission

We measure the waveform and phase curves of short optical pulses before and after transmission over different lengths of fibers by use of the pulse analyzer with the frequency-resolved optical gating (FROG),and numerically simulate pulse evolution under the experimental conditions.The nonlinear coefficient of the fiber is given by comparing the experimental results with the numerical ones.Difference between the experiment and numerical simulation is analyzed.     

Resonance scattering of canonical elastic shells in absorbing fluid medium

Resonance scattering of elastic spherical shell and cylindrical shell while the surrounding fluid medium has absorption is studied. The normal mode solution derived using exact elastic theory and the separation of variables is still applicable. However, the scattering form function has to be modified for the absorbing medium, otherwise the unreasonable result would be obtained. The backscattering form function in the absorbing medium is redefined, and the form function of elastic spherical and cylindrical shell with vacuum or solid matter filled is calculated in various absorption conditions. The results show that the absorption of surrounding fluid leads to notable attenuation of the coincidence resonances in the mid-frequency, but it has a little influence on the low-frequency resonance scattering induced by the filler inside the shell.     

Single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance sensor with high detection resolution

A versatile and low-cost single-beam self-referenced phase-sensitive surface plasmon resonance(SPR)sensing system with ultra-high resolution performance is presented.The system exhibits a root-mean-square phase fluctuation of ±0.0028.over a period of 45 min.i.e.a resolution of±5.2×10-9 refractive index units.The enhanced performance has been achieved through the incorporation of three design elements:a true single-beam configuration enabling complete self-referencing so that only the phase change associated with SPR gets detected,a differential measurement scheme to eliminate spurious signals not related to the sensor response,and the elimination of retardation drifts by incorporating temperature stabilization in the liquid crystal phase modulato .Our design should bring the detection sensitivity of non-labeling SPR biosensing closer to that achievable by conventional fluorescence-based techniques.     

Influences of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold of Ta2O5 films

Ta2O5 films are prepared on BK7 substrates with conventional electron beam evaporation deposition.The effects of SiO2 protective layers and annealing on the laser-induced damage threshold (LIDT) of the films are investigated.The results show that SiO2 protective layers exert little influence on the electric field intensity(EFI)distribution,microstructure and microdefect density but increase the absorption slightly.Annealing iS effective on decreasing the microdefect density and the absorption of the films.Both SiO2 protective layers and annealing are beneficial to the damage resistance of the films and the latter is more effective to improve the LIDT.Moreover,the maximal LIDT of Ta2O5 films is achieved by the combination of SiO2 protective layers and annealing.     

A stereo matching algorithm using multi-peak candidate matches and geometric constraints

Gray cross correlation matching technique is adopted to extract candidate matches with gray cross correla- tion coefficients less than some certain range of maximal correlation coefficient called multi-peak candidate matches. Multi-peak candidates are extracted corresponding to three closest feature points at first. The corresponding multi-peak candidate matches are used to construct the model polygon. Correspondence is determined based on the local geometric relations between the three feature points and the multi-peak candidates. The disparity test and the global consistency checkout are applied to eliminate the remaining ambiguous matches that are not removed by the local geometric relational test. Experimental results show that the proposed algorithm is feasible and accurate.