Leptonic decays of vector mesons and a possible μ+μ− resonance

The possible existence of a vector leptonic resonance (⁰) in the ^+– system is considered. We discuss the effect such a resonance would have on the g factor of the muon and also on the ratio of the partial widths of the muonic and electronic decay modes (R_V = (V ^+–)/G (V e⁺ e^–)) of the neutral vector mesons ⁰,,,, and. From the experimental values of R and R, the following values are obtained for the mass, coupling constant, and partial decay widths of the resonance: M = 872 ± 60 MeV, f²/4 = 4 ± 2) ·10^–4, ( ^{0 + –}) = 0.12±0.06 MeV, and (^{0 0 +–}) = 0.13±0.06 MeV.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 5, pp. 39–43, May, 1977.     

Thermoemission und Photoemission von Natriumchlorid

Ohne Zusammenfassung

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Nacl

     

The paramagnetic state (μ+e−) in silicon and tellurium at high temperature

The paramagnetic state (⁺e^–) in Si and Te was observed in a longitudinal magnetic field. The mean lifetimes of these states were obtained: _Si = 1.45(3) s, _Te = 12.5(8) s at 290 K, _Te = 12(2) s at 250 K.     

ВОЗБУЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСОКОЧ АСТОТНЫХ КОЛЕБАНИЙ ЭЛЕКТРОННОЙ ПЛАЗМЫ Р АСХОДЯЩИМСЯ ПУЧКОМ

, , . , , — r ^–3/4 r ^1/2.

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Excitation of high frequency oscillations of electron plasma by a diverging beam

The problem of the stability of high frequency oscillations of electron plasma is investigated in the hydrodynamical approximation. The oscillations are supposed to be excited by a beam of electrons outgoing from a spherical or cylindrical surface. The regions of instability in the spectrum of frequencies are found and it is shown that the amplitude of the oscillations increases as a power of the distance (in the case of spherical symmetry) or asr ^–3/4 expr ^-1/2 (cylindrical symmetry).

     

К теории коэрцитивно й силы и кривой намагничивания

. , , . .     

Formation of muonium and a muonic radical in fullerene

Three distinct electronic states were detected for positive muons (⁺) after implantation into a C₆₀ powder sample. About 40% of the ⁺ remained in the bare (diamagnetic) state, essentially an interstitial charged point particle. The rest of the muons were found to thermalize predominantly in two muonium (Mu=⁺ e^–) atomic species. A vacuum Mu state, with hyperfine coupling close to that of free Mu, most likely at the molecular center, and a muonic substituted radical, i.e. a hydrogen-like Mu addition to double bonds on the carbon rings. This opens up a rich subfield of fullerene spectroscopy using muons.     

New interpretation of experiments on the intermediate meson

A new theory of weak interactions is proposed in which the coupling between theV-A currents j(X) and j(X) is achieved not by vector mesons [by a propagator D ^c (X-X)], but by a scalar functionR(X – X), a fermion-antifermion loop which plays the role of a unique film joining two different pointsX andX of completely uncoupled space-times (as a result of which the space becomes a continuum). The existence of the actual currents j results from correlations between the two different spinor layers of Dirac layer formation.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 2, pp. 25–40, February, 1996.     

A matrix method for estimating the Liapunov exponent of one-dimensional systems

Let : [0, 1][0, 1] be a piecewise monotonie expanding map. Then admits an absolutely continuous invariant measure. A result of Kosyakin and Sandler shows that can be approximated by a sequence of absolutely continuous measures _n invariant under piecewise linear Markov maps _itn. Each _itn is constructed on the inverse images of the turning points of . The easily computable measures _n are used to estimate the Liapunov exponent of . The idea of using Markov maps for estimating the Liapunov exponent is applied to both expanding and nonexpanding maps.     

On the Surface Pressure for the Edwards-Anderson Model

For the Edwards-Anderson model we introduce an integral representation for the surface pressure (per unit surface) in terms of a quenched moment of the bond-overlap on the surface. We consider free , periodic and antiperiodic ^* boundary conditions (by symmetry ⁽⁾=^(*)), and prove the bounds We show moreover that at high temperatures ⁽⁾ is close to ^2/4 and ⁽⁾ is close to ^2/4 uniformly in the volume .     

Some Remarks on a Nongeometrical Interpretation of Gravity and the Flatness Problem

In a nongeometrical interpretation of gravity,the metric g(x) = + (x)is interpreted as an effective metric, whereas(x) is interpreted as afundamental gravitational field, propagated in spacetime which isactually flat. Some advantages and disadvantages of suchan interpretation are discussed. The main advantage isa natural resolution of the flatness problem.     

Path integrals on half-line

In the framework of path integrals we present a solution to the Schrödinger equation for a free particle confined to the half-linex > 0. A solution in question corresponds to the boundary condition (/x) (0,t)= (0,t) where is a real constant.     

The strength of Einstein's equations

The strength of Einstein's empty-space field equations is computed anew and shown to be equal to the amount of initial data required for a local solution of the equations. This same amount of initial data is shown to be precisely that required for a set of 16 unknown first-order differential equations containing 10 field variables and having six identities of second order. The 10 field variables must be functions of second order in the metric coefficients. The 16 field equationsC , = 0 whereC is Weyl's conformal tensor, are shown to have the same properties as those of the unknown equations, suggesting thatC = 0 is a satisfactory local first-order formulation of Einstein's second-order empty-space field equations.     

A complete proof of the Feigenbaum conjectures

The Feigenbaum phenomenon is studied by analyzing an extended renormalization group map . This map acts on functions that are jointly analytic in a position variable (t) and in the parameter () that controls the period doubling phenomenon. A fixed point ^* for this map is found. The usual renormalization group doubling operatorN acts on this function ^* simply by multiplication of with the universal Feigenbaum ratio ^*= 4.669201..., i.e., (N ^*(,t)= ^*( ^* ,t). Therefore, the one-parameter family of functions, ^* , ^* (t)=( ^*(,t), is invariant underN. In particular, the function ₀ ^* is the Feigenbaum fixed point ofN, while ^* represents the unstable manifold ofN. It is proven that this unstable manifold crosses the manifold of functions with superstable period two transversally.     

Systematic study of muon transfer to sulphur dioxide

In a systematic study of the transfer process to sulphur dioxide, in seven different H₂ + SO₂ gas mixtures, the time spectra of the muonic sulphur X-rays yield muon transfer rates to the SO₂ molecule, deduced from the lifetimes of the p atoms, which agree all well with each other. The muonic oxygen time spectra show an additional structure as if p atoms of another kind were present. Reduced transfer rates_O are reproducible if one uses the model of ephemeral p atoms. The intensity ratios between the different kinds of p atoms are also discussed in the framework of this model and the one of black and white p atoms.     

More inequalities for critical exponents

A variety of rigorous inequalities for critical exponents is proved. Most notable is the low-temperature Josephson inequalitydv +2 2–. Others are 1 1 +v, 1 1 , 1,d 1 + 1/ (for d),dv, ₃ + (for d), ₄ , and _{2m 2m+2} (form 2). The hypotheses vary; all inequalities are true for the spin-1/2 Ising model with nearest-neighbor ferromagnetic pair interactions.NSF Predoctoral Fellow (1976–1979). Research supported in part by NSF Grant PHY 78-23952.     

Strong far-infrared laser action in carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride

Intense far-infrared laser action is reported for carbonyl fluoride and vinyl fluoride. Eleven new lines with wavelengths between 339 m538 m were obtained by optically pumping carbonyl fluoride with numerous lines of the 10.4 m band of a cw CO₂ laser. Twenty-three lines with wavelengths in the range 172 m783 m were detected when pumping the recently discovered efficient FIR laser molecule vinyl fluoride. In addition, three very weak new lines were found using 1.1-difluoroethylen.     

Effect of electrolytically deposited nickel films on the magnetic properties of iron-silicon alloy

The effect of electrolytically deposited nickel films on the magnetostriction, coercive force, residual induction, and the position with respect to each other of the magnetic susceptibility maxima _max. _max of specimens of iron-silicon alloy is investigated. It is shown that elastic extensions lead to a reduction in the spacing between the maxima _max, _max , and for certain loads this spacing disappears and only one maximum is observed.     

Collisionless kinetic equations for massive particles with spins 1/2 and 0 in gravitational and electromagnetic fields

We define a covariant and gauge-invariant generalization of the Wigner functions of particles with spins 1/2 and 0. The collisionless kinetic equations are obtained for these particles in external gravitational and electromagnetic fields in the quasiclassical approximation; also obtained are the momentum representations of the energy-momentum tensor, current, and spin tensor, taking into account the effects of the spin's interaction with the gravitational field an electromagnetic field. The following notation is used: e and m are the charge and mass of the particles; is Planck's constant; (x) are the covariant-fixed Dirac matrices; ^,=(1/4)[, ]: a(^b)=(1/2) (a b +ab ); [A, B]=A·B – B·A; A,B=A·B+B·A; g(x)=det(g (x));R = –...; the speed of light c=1.Translated from Izvestiya Vysshikh Uchebnykh Zavedenii, Fizika, No. 9, pp. 47–53, September, 1990.The author wishes the thank Yu. G. Ignat'ev and members of the seminar in General Relativistic Statistics and Cosmology of the Kazan' Pedagogical Institute for useful discussions.     

The temperature vibrations of urea molecules

The structural and dynamic parameters of urea at 112°K and 295°K were determined by the least squares method. The characteristic temperature of the torsional optical vibrations of a molecule about a C-O bond was determined and is in good agreement with the value determined by Raman scattering. The fractional X-coordinate of the nitrogen atom corrected for torsional vibrations was determined and it was found that the magnitude of the projection of the C-N bond in the given temperature range changes only within the limits of observational errors. A new method, called temperature difference synthesis, is described and it is shown that it is suitable for rapid qualitative determination of the thermal anisotropy of the vibrations of atoms in a crystal lattice.

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112°K 295°K. C-O , , . X- , C-N . , , , .