新型吸附剂偏磷酸铈对铀酰的吸附性能研究

研究新型吸附剂偏磷酸铈对铀酰离子的吸附行为。分别考察了溶液的pH值、温度、接触时间和铀酰离子初始浓度对偏磷酸铈吸附铀酰离子的影响;通过动力学、热力学以及吸附等温线初步研究了吸附机理;最后探究了共存离子和富里酸对吸附的影响。当溶液的pH值为5、温度为30℃、接触时间为60min、铀酰初始浓度为10~(-3)mol/L时为最佳吸附条件,最大吸附量可达到261.78mg/g;动力学研究表明,偏磷酸铈对铀酰离子吸附行为符合准二级动力学方程;Langmuir吸附等温线模型可以更准确的描述铀酰离子在偏磷酸铈上的吸附过程,说明此吸附过程为单分子层吸附;热力学研究表明,偏磷酸铈对铀酰离子的吸附属于吸热反应,反应自发进行,高温促进吸附行为。     

氨基膦酸树脂对镱的吸附及机理

氨基膦酸树脂 ( APAR)对镱 ( )的吸附在 p H=5 .1时最佳。静态饱和吸附容量为 2 75 mg/g千树脂 ;用 3.0～ 4.0 mol· L- 1HCl能还原洗脱。测得吸附速率常数k2 98=9.5 7× 1 0 - 6 s- 1,等温吸附服从 Freundlich经验式 ,吸附热力学函数△ H0 =1 7.6k J· mol- 1。吸附机理表明 ,APAR功能基上的 N、O与 Yb3+发生配位键合 ,配位摩尔比为 2∶ 1     

一种偕胺肟基纤维材料对模拟盐湖水中铀的吸附研究

本文采用预辐射接枝法在7 L固液接枝反应釜中批量制备了偕胺肟(AO)基的超高分子量聚乙烯(UHMWPE-g-(PAO-co-PAA))纤维吸附材料,用红外光谱和扫描电子显微镜表征了材料的功能基团和表观形貌,研究了该材料在模拟盐湖水中对铀酰离子的吸附行为,并考察了溶液矿化度(TDS)、铀酰离子初始浓度等因素对材料吸附行为的影响.在TDS、溶液pH 8.1和铀酰初始浓度与西藏达则错盐湖相当的模拟盐湖体系中,AO含量为6.0 mmol g~(-1)的材料在28 d后对铀的吸附量高达8.29 mg g~(-1).铀酰离子的吸附量随TDS增加而有所降低,在TDS相当于海水10倍的pH 8.1模拟盐湖水中,铀的吸附量仍然达到6.63 mg g~(-1).材料对铀酰离子的吸附量随其初始浓度的增加而增大,在pH 8.1的模拟盐湖水中当铀浓度由187增加到1639μg L~(-1),其吸附量由4.54增加到17.48 mg g~(-1).结果表明,UHMWPE-g-(PAO-co-PAA)纤维材料在盐湖体系铀的提取中具有很好的应用前景.     

纳米γ-Al2O3的制备及其对水溶液中不同磷酸根离子的吸附

溶胶-凝胶法合成纳米γ-Al2O3,以透射电镜(TEM)、X射线衍射(XRD)、比表面积测定(BET)等手段对所得的纳米γ-Al2O3进行了表征,表明纳米粒子的直径在30nm～70nm.并利用Zetaplus电位仪测定了其等电点(7.65).考察了纳米γ-Al2O3在静态吸附条件下对不同磷酸根离子的吸附性能.结果表明,在一定的pH范围内,对不同磷酸根离子有强烈的吸附能力,且符合Freundlich吸附公式.     

土壤性质对其吸附短链全氟羧酸的影响

本文研究了土壤理化性质对其吸附短链全氟羧酸(PFCAs)的影响.研究结果表明, Freundlich和Virial吸附等温线均可对吸附数据进行较完美的拟合,相关系数(R~2)分别介于0.9651～0.9989和0.8670～0.9985.各种土壤性质与短链PFCAs固液分配系数(K_d)的线性回归分析结果表明,蛋白质含量、阴离子交换容量(AEC)、铁氧化物含量和黏粒含量是影响土壤吸附短链PFCAs的关键性因素;土壤总有机碳(TOC)、胡敏酸、富里酸、糖类、阳离子交换容量和比表面积等因素对吸附的影响并不显著.多元线性回归分析结果表明,土壤因素对其吸附短链PFCAs影响的重要程度依次为:AEC蛋白质黏粒含量铁氧化物.     

蒙脱石对Y~(3+)的吸附特性及机制研究

研究了提纯后蒙脱石对Y~(3+)的吸附行为,考察接触时间、固液比、初始浓度、 pH、离子强度、共存NH~+_4和温度对吸附过程的影响,并进行吸附等温模型拟合和热力学计算。研究结果表明:蒙脱石对Y~(3+)的吸附在1.5 min内可以达到平衡。固液比和Y~(3+)初始浓度的增大会减小Y~(3+)吸附量而增大吸附率;溶液pH的增大和离子强度的减小会促进Y~(3+)的吸附。离子交换是Y~(3+)吸附过程中存在的一种作用方式,随着pH增大,离子交换作用减弱,表面配位作用增强。Y~(3+)在蒙脱石上的吸附较好地符合Langmuir, Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich吸附等温模型。根据吸附热力学参数, Y~(3+)在蒙脱石上的吸附自发进行,提高温度会促进Y~(3+)的吸附。     

D301大孔树脂吸附钒(V)的性能研究

研究了D301大孔树脂对钒的吸附性能.结果表明,pH值对D301树脂吸附钒的影响很大,与钒在溶液中的赋存状态有关,且在pH=2时吸附效果最好:测得吸附热力学参数分别为:△H=8.97kJ/mol,△G_(313)=-5.69kJ/mol,△G_(303)=-5.2kJ/mol,△G_(293)=-4.9kJ/mol,△S=46.84J/mol·K.等温吸附服从Freundlich经验式;考察了溶液浓度、搅拌速率对交换过程的影响,并对实验数据运用相关理论模型进行拟合,结果显示钒(V)在D301树脂上吸附交换过程控制步骤为颗粒扩散控制,反应级数n为0.2391.     

纳米TiO2去除氟离子的性能

研究了锐钛型纳米TiO2吸附剂对氟离子的吸附行为,考察了吸附平衡时间、温度、溶液的pH值等因素对吸附过程的影响.结果表明,纳米TiO2对氟离子的吸附在2.0 min基本达到平衡,在pH值2.0～10.0范围内,吸附率大于97％;吸附的氟离子可用0.1 mol/L NaOH溶液洗脱,3.0 min基本达到解析平衡,解析率能达到96％;该吸附过程符合准二级反应动力学模型,其反应的表观活化能(Ea)为6.85 kJ/mol;颗粒内扩散过程为吸附控制步骤,但不是唯一的控制步骤,同时还受液膜扩散的影响;吸附过程符合Langmuir、D-R等温模型,常温下纳米TiO2对氟离子的平均吸附能为4.26 kJ/mol.吸附反应的△G0＜0,焓变△H0＞0,说明该吸附过程是自发的吸热反应.共存阴离子HCO3-和pO43-对氟离子的吸附有影响.纳米TiO2在动态和静态吸附实验中的除氟效果相近.     

石棉尾矿酸浸渣作为一种吸附剂去除水溶液中的Co(II)

本文采用XRD, FT-IR, SEM 和 BET等手段分别对石棉尾矿,石棉尾矿酸浸渣,以及煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣进行表征。利用煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣对Co(II)进行吸附研究。研究了吸附剂浓度、吸附时间、pH值和温度对Co(II)在磁性伊利石上吸附的影响,并采用Lagrange准二级动力学方程、Langmuir等温线方程、Freundlich等温线方程和D-R等温线方程对实验数据进行拟合。结果表明: pH值、离子强度和温度对Co(II)在煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣上的吸附影响较大;Co(II)在煅烧的石棉尾矿酸浸渣上的吸附符合Lagrange准二级动力学方程;热力学符合Langmuir等温线方程,并且高温利于吸附。利用石棉尾矿作为吸附材料,是一个“以废治废”的工程。     

烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸在纳米α-氧化铝上的吸附作用

用紫外-可见吸收光谱、X射线衍射、荧光光谱和衰减全反射傅里叶变换红外(ATR-FTIR）光谱等方法,研究了烟酰胺腺嘌呤二核苷酸(NAD+)在纳米α-Al2O3粒子上的吸附行为。 实验结果显示,NAD+的吸附量受pH值和离子强度影响较大,说明NAD+主要通过静电作用吸附在纳米α-Al2O3粒子上。 采用ATR-FTIR光谱分析了不同pH值溶液中及被吸附的NAD+,发现吸附后的NAD+与溶液中NAD+ 的ATR-FTIR光谱相似,但磷酸根的吸收峰向高波数位移,说明磷酸根参与了表面静电作用。 吸附过程符合Langmuir和Freundlich等温式。 荧光实验结果显示,随着吸附剂α-Al2O3用量的变化,NAD+构象也发生变化。     

Effect of pH, fulvic acid and temperature on the sorption of uranyl on ZrP2O7

The sorption of UO ₂ ²⁺ onto ZrP₂O₇ was studied using the batch technique and the point of zero charge of ZrP₂O₇ was obtained through mass titration. The results indicated that sorption of UO ₂ ²⁺ onto ZrP₂O₇ was strongly affected by pH, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V), the species of electrolyte in solution and fulvic acid (FA), but was insensitive to ionic strength. The sorption of UO ₂ ²⁺ increased with increasing pH and m/V. The presence of FA enhanced UO ₂ ²⁺ sorption onto ZrP₂O₇ at low pH. The presence of phosphate or sulfate caused opposite effects on the sorption of UO ₂ ²⁺ onto ZrP₂O₇. Addition of citrate also significantly affected UO ₂ ²⁺ sorption. The sorption of UO ₂ ²⁺ increased as the temperature of the system increased. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to simulate the sorption isotherms of UO ₂ ²⁺ onto ZrP₂O₇ at different temperatures. The results indicated that the Freundlich model described UO ₂ ²⁺ sorption better than the Langmuir model. Thermodynamic parameters for the sorption process were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms. The results suggested that the sorption process of UO ₂ ²⁺ onto ZrP₂O₇ is spontaneous and endothermic. The desorption process of UO ₂ ²⁺ from ZrP₂O₇ was also investigated and it was found that sorption onto ZrP₂O₇ was irreversible.     

Effects of nitrate,fulvate, phosphate,phthalate, salicylate and catechol on the sorption of uranyl onto SiO<Subscript>2</Subscript>: a comparative study

We have performed a large number of batch sorption experiments of uranyl onto SiO₂ and examined the effects of nitrate or ionic strength, phosphate, fulvic acid(FA), phthalic acid (PH), salicylic acid (SA), and catechol (CA) on the uranyl sorption onto SiO₂. Three sorption edges and three sorption isotherms at ionic strengths 0.05, 0.1, and 0.5 mol/L KNO₃ were used to investigate the effect of ionic strength or nitrate on the sorption and the Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich models are used to simulate the sorption isotherms, respectively. Five sorption edges in the presence of phosphate, FA, PH, SA, and CA were compared with that in the absence of complexing ligand. The results suggest that the effect of complexation of uranyl with nitrate on the uranyl sorption can be negligible and the sorption can be described Freundlich and D-R model very well. The positive effect of phosphate on the uranyl sorption was found, though the extent of effect was decreased with increasing pH. The positive effect and the negative effect of FA on the uranyl sorption were found at low pH and high pH ranges, respectively. The sorption edge of uranyl sorption remained unaffected in the presence of PH in the pH 2–10. In the presence of SA, the no effect and the negative effect on the uranyl sorption were, respectively, found at low pH and high pH ranges. The negative effect of CA on the uranyl sorption was found in the pH 2–10.     

Uptake properties of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite as a function of pH, ionic strength and temperature

Herein, the sorption properties of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite were performed by using batch sorption experiments under different experimental conditions, such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, humic acid and temperatures. The results indicated that the sorption of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite was strongly dependent on pH and temperature. At low pH values, the sorption of Eu(III) was influenced by ionic strength, whereas the sorption was not affected by ionic strength at high pH values. The sorption of Eu(III) was mainly dominated by ion exchange or outer-sphere surface complexation at low pH values, and by inner-sphere surface complexation or surface precipitation at high pH values. The sorption of Eu(III) onto Na-attapulgite increased with increasing temperature. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied to simulate the sorption isotherms, and the results indicated that the Langmuir model simulated the sorption isotherms better than the Freundlich model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G ^o, ∆S ^o, ∆H ^o) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms at 293, 313 and 333 K, respectively, and the results indicated that the uptake of Eu(III) on Na-attapulgite was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results of high Eu(III) sorption capacity on Na-attapulgite suggest that the attapulgite is a suitable material for the preconcentration and immobilization of Eu(III) ions from large volumes of aqueous solutions.     

Sorption of radiocobalt(II) from aqueous solutions to Na-attapulgite

The sorption of Co(II) on Na-attapulgite as a function of contact time, solid content, pH, ionic strength, foreign ions, fulvic acid (FA) and temperature under ambient conditions was studied. The kinetic of Co(II) sorption on Na-attapulgite was described well by pseudo-second-order model. The sorption of Co(II) on Na-attapulgite was strongly dependent on pH and ionic strength. The sorption of Co(II) was mainly dominated by outer-sphere surface complexation and/or ion exchange at low pH, whereas inner-sphere surface complexation or surface precipitation was the main sorption mechanism at high pH values. The presence of FA did not affect Co(II) sorption obviously at pH <7, and a negative effect was observed at pH >7. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to simulate the sorption data at different temperatures, and the results indicated that the Langmuir model simulated the data better than the Freundlich isotherm model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G°, ∆S°, ∆H°) calculated from the temperature-dependent sorption isotherms indicated that the sorption of Co(II) on Na-attapulgite was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results suggest that the attapulgite sample is a suitable material in the preconcentration and solidification of radiocobalt from large volumes of aqueous solutions.     

Sorption of Th(IV) on goethite: effects of pH,ionic strength,FA and phosphate

Sorption of thorium (IV) on goethite was investigated as a function of contact time, pH, ionic strength, anions, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V) and Th(IV) concentration using batch technique. The results showed that the sorption of Th(IV) was strong pH-dependence, and increased from ~10 to ~100% over the pH range of 2.0–4.0, and then kept a constant level in the higher pH range. The sorption of Th(IV) increased with increasing m/V and independent of ionic strength. It was clear that phosphate and FA significantly enhanced Th(IV) sorption on goethite. The sorption and desorption isotherms were investigated at pH 2.90 ± 0.05 and analyzed with Freundlich and Langmuir models, respectively. Compared to Langmuir model, Freundlich model could fit the experimental data better, according to the high relative coefficients.     

Sorption of Na+, Ca2+ ions from aqueous solution onto unbleached kraft fibers-kinetics and equilibrium studies

The sorption of Na+ and Ca2+ from aqueous solutions onto unbleached kraft fiber was investigated. The sorption kinetics was found to be highly dependent on pH, initial concentration, and temperature. The sorption rate increased as the initial concentration and pH were increased. Thermodynamic and kinetic results indicated that the sorption of Na+ and Ca2+ onto kraft fiber was exothermic, reversible, and spontaneous with activation energies of 11.0 and 23.3 kJ/mol, respectively. The sorption kinetics followed a pseudo-second-order model and the equilibrium data followed the Langmuir isotherms. The fiber sorption capacities calculated from the Langmuir isotherms were similar to the fiber charges determined by potentiometric titration at pH > 7.     

Sorption of Paraquat and 2,4-D by an Oscillatoria Sp.-Dominated Cyanobacterial Mat

The present study characterises sorption of two pesticides, namely, paraquat (PQ) and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) by an Oscillatoria sp.-dominated cyanobacterial mat. Sorption of PQ onto the test mat was not significantly affected by the pH of the solution within the pH range 2–7. However, 2,4-D sorption was strongly influenced by the solution pH and was maximum at pH 2. Whereas PQ sorption increased with increase in temperature, 2,4-D sorption showed an opposite trend. The sorption of PQ and 2,4-D achieved equilibrium within 1 h of incubation, independent of concentration of pesticide and mat biomass in the solution. The pseudo-second-order kinetic model better defined PQ sorption than the pseudo-first-order model, whereas 2,4-D sorption was well defined by both the models. Sorption isotherms of both the pesticides showed L-type curve. Freundlich model more precisely defined PQ sorption than Langmuir model, thereby suggesting heterogeneous distribution of PQ binding sites onto the biomass surface. However, the Langmuir model more correctly defined 2,4-D sorption, thus, indicating homogeneous distribution of 2,4-D binding sites onto the biomass surface. The test biomass is a good sorbent for the removal of PQ because it could, independent of pH of the solution, sorb substantial amount of PQ (q _max = 0.13 mmol g⁻¹).     

Immobilization of uranium(VI) onto Mg2Al layered double hydroxide: role of key geochemical parameters

In this study, the sorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution on Mg₂Al layered double hydroxide (Mg₂Al LDH) was studied as a function of various water quality parameters such as contact time, pH, ionic strength, soil fulvic acid (FA), solid content and temperature by using a batch technique. The sorption of U(VI) on Mg₂Al LDH was dependent on pH. The presence of FA increased U(VI) sorption at low pH, whereas decreased U(VI) sorption at high pH. Both kinetics and thermodynamic parameters of the sorption process were evaluated. It was found that the pseudo-second-order model was more suitable for our experiment. The Langmuir model fitted the sorption isotherms of U(VI) better than the Freundlich and D-R model at three different temperatures of 298, 303 and 313 K. The thermodynamic parameters (ΔH°, ΔS°, and ΔG°) were calculated from the temperature dependent sorption isotherms, and the results suggested that U(VI) sorption was a spontaneous and endothermic process. The results demonstrate that Mg₂Al LDH is a promising sorbent material for the preconcentration and separation of uranium pollution from large volumes of aqueous solutions.     

Sorption of radioeuropium onto attapulgite: effect of experimental conditions

Batch sorption experiments were performed to remove Eu(III) ions from aqueous solutions by using attapulgite under ambient conditions. Different experimental conditions, such as contact time, solid content, foreign ions, pH, ionic strength, fulvic acid and temperature, have been investigated to study their effect on the sorption property. The results indicated that the sorption of Eu(III) onto attapulgite was strongly dependent on pH, ionic strength and temperature. The sorption increased from about 8.9 to 90% at pH ranging from 2 to 6 in 0.01 mol/L NaNO₃ solution. The Eu(III) kinetic sorption on attapulgite was fitted by the pseudo-second-order model better than by the pseudo-first-order model. The sorption of Eu(III) onto attapulgite increased with increasing temperature and decreasing ionic strength. The Langmuir and Freundlich models were used to simulate the sorption isotherms, and the results indicated that the Freundlich model simulated the data better than the Langmuir model. The thermodynamic parameters (∆G ^o, ∆S ^o, ∆H ^o) were determined from the temperature dependent isotherms at 298.15, 318.15 and 338.15 K, and the results indicated that the sorption reaction was an endothermic and spontaneous process. The results suggest that the attapulgite is a suitable material as an adsorbent for preconcentration and immobilization of Eu(III) from aqueous solutions.     

Study on sorption of U(VI) onto ordered mesoporous silicas

The mesoporous silicas (MCM-41 and MCM-48) are synthesized by hydrothermal method, which are characterized by XRD and BET techniques. The application of mesoporous silicas for the sorption of U(VI) from aqueous solution are studied by using batch technique under ambient condition. The effects of contact time, solid-to-liquid ratio (m/V), solution pH, ionic strength and temperature are determined, and the results indicate that the sorption of U(VI) to MCM-41 or MCM-48 are strongly dependent on pH values but independent of ionic strength. Compared with Langmuir model, the sorption isotherms can be simulated by Freundlich model well according to the high relative coefficients. The parameters for Langmuir and Freundlich sorption isotherms are calculated from the temperature at 298, 318 and 338 K, respectively, and the results suggest that the sorption of U(VI) on MCM-41 or MCM-48 is a spontaneous and exothermic process. In contrast to its sorption capacity for U(VI), MCM-48 is a suitable material for the preconcentration of U(VI) from large volumes of aqueous solutions.