利用课外小实验培养学生动手能力

从多年的教学经验来看，课外小实验，小制作能激发学生的学习兴趣；培养学生独立实验的技能和技巧，具有目的性、探索性、实践性和易感知性，同时，不受实验条件限制，易于实施．对学生掌握知识具有很大作用．1感受学习乐趣 培养创造性学习能力 课外小实验能使学生将物理内容与日常生活联系起来，从而感到物理知识生动、有趣．如“纸锅烧开水”有的学生认为不可能．多数学生好奇而感兴趣，亲自动手去做．通过实验，不但证明了纸锅能把水烧开，观察了水沸腾时的现象，而且加深了对燃烧的三个条件之一——“着火点”的认识．明白了物理知识与日常生活有着千丝万缕的联系，从而增加了学习物理的积极性和主动性．     

新课改与物理实验情境创设

从2006年秋季开始，福建省全面启用高中新课标教材．新教材体现以实验为基础的原则，实验教学几乎贯穿于整个教学过程．物理实验真实直观，形象生动，能激发学生的学习兴趣．作为一种理论联系实际的学习活动，对于促进学生探究式自主学习，全面提高学生科学素养有着重要作用．因此，在高中物理课程改革实验中物理实验应作为重要课程资源进行挖掘和开发，全面发挥它的教育功能．下面具体谈谈新课程背景下如何利用物理实验进行情境创设的体会．     

低成本简易物理实验教学实践

教育部制定的《普通高中物理课程标准（实验）》中指出：“实验室的课程资源不仅限于实验室的现有设备，学生身边物品和器具也是重要的实验资源．利用Et常器具做实验，不但具有简便、直观等优点，而且有利于学生动手，发展学生的实验技能，培养学生的创新意识．”当今许多发达国家，尽管其现代教育技术水平较高，但仍热衷于低成本、简易实验的教学研究，说明这种实验教学有着特定的教育功能和教学效果，有在物理教学中长期存在的价值．     

关于设计性物理实验的几个问题

对设计性物理实验的教育功能进行了探讨，并以“用电位差计校正毫安表”为例，介绍了如何对学生的动手能力进行评价．     

加强工科物理个性教育实践--创建大学生物理协会

以为学生提供探索性学习的平台,发挥学生在教育教学活动中的主体作用,培养学生的创造能力为目标,创建了大学生物理协会,探索了一种高校学生开展自主性、研究性学习的开放式教育模式．     

全盲童也能窥探物质世界——盲童学校开设物理实验的介绍

介绍了日本的物理工作者，为了让全盲儿童也能得到物理实验的实践教育，他们从长期实验教学中摸索了许多有效的方法，使全盲学生也能做好物理实验，如自由落体实验、声速测量实验和光学实验等．     

高师普通物理实验教学改革探讨

物理学是一门实验科学，普通物理实验是高师院校物理专业重要的基础课程．物理实验教学不仅有助于学生理解和掌握物理学的理论，而且是提高学生分析问题和解决问题能力不可缺少的教学环节．物理实验教学可使学生在如何运用理论知识、实验方法和实验技术解决科技问题得到必要的基本训练，对于培养学生严谨的科学作风，实事求是的科学态度，辩证唯物主义世界观，以及良好的实验室工作的习惯，也有着不可忽视的作用．因此，加强与改进物理实验教学对提高教学、教育质量是重要一环．但就目前普通物理实验课的教学现状来看，仍然存在许多弊端，主…     

利用探索性实验加强能力的培养

物理是整个自然科学和现代化技术发展的基础.在全面进行素质教育时,更应加强物理的实践性教学,加强学生能力的培养.1 探索性实验教学 探索性实验教学是重要的方式方法之一.传统的验证性实验改为探索性实验,让其与理论课相合(即将理论课搬进实验室),让学     

职业高中物理实验教学的现状与改进对策

1实验在职业中学物理教学中的特殊作用 物理实验作为物理教学的基本手段，区别于普通高中，对于职业学校的学生来说有其特殊的教学功能．     

论物理实验课对学生禀赋和潜能的充分开发

研究了物理实验课中学生禀赋和潜能的开发 ,营造学生个性发展的氛围、增设探索性实验和综合性实验等措施。     

Guided-Wave Two-Dimensional Acousto-Optic Scanner Using Proton-Exchanged Lithium Niobate Waveguide

Two-dimensional scanning of a 0.6328 mum guided-light beam has been realized using noncolinear acousto-optic (AO) coplanar Bragg diffraction together with colinear AO guided-mode to substrate radiation-mode conversion in a Z-cut Xpropagation LiNbO3 proton-exchanged (PE) waveguide. The two surface acoustic (SAW) waves utilized are at the center frequencies of 500 and 200 MHz, propagating in the Y and X axes, respectively. Two-dimensional scanning of approximately 720 resolvable light beam spots, namely, 18 40 (horizontal vertical) scanning, has been demonstrated using a light beam of 1.0 mm aperture. The total number of resolvable beam spots can be greatly increased from 720 by simply utilizing SAW transducers of larger bandwidth and a light beam of greater aperture. It should also be possible to significantly increase the diffraction efficiency from 3 % by optimizing the parameters of the PE waveguide and the SAWs.     

Hybrid Wavelength and Code Division Multiple Access in Optical Networks

A review of schemes for multiple access in fiber optic networks shows that a hybrid of wavelength and code division multiple access (WCDMA) combines the best features of both. In particular, the hybrid scheme retains the large information carrying capacity of wavelength division multiple access (WDMA) and flexibility of code division multiple access (CDMA). In this paper WDMA, optical CDMA (OCDMA), and WCDMA networks are discussed. In OCDMA networks, concept of incoherent and coherent coding including inverse decoding and matched filter is introduced. The delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks, under the simple suboptimum access protocols based on cyclic search, is computed. It has been shown quantitatively that tuning delay significantly affects the delay performance of both WDMA and WCDMA networks. Futhermore, delay performance of WCDMA networks is always better than the WDMA networks for the same tuning delay, load, and number of users.     

Femtosecond Transform-Limited Pulse Generation by Compensating for the Linear Chirp of SPM Spectra in Dispersion Shifted Fibers

A simple technique of pulse compression, based on the linear chirp compensation of self-phase modulation (SPM) spectra in dispersion shifted fibers, is demonstrated. The optimization procedure is carried out, for a short span of a single-mode fiber, using a parabolic law, which describes the behavior of the squared output pulse width versus the pump peak power in the case of Gaussian pulses. The experimental results give a minimum pulse duration of 233 fs, which is in good agreement with the model. Shorter and coherent pulses, down to 90 fs, have been obtained by inserting an interference filter at the optical output.     

Effect ofγ-radiation on the spectral luminescence characteristics of impure cadmium tungstate crystals

Results of a study of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of cadmium tungstate crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations are presented. Spectral characteristics of the nondnnnoped crystals are briefly described. Absorption and photo and X-ray luminescence spectra of the crystals taken before and after exposure to γ-radiation (5.5·10⁴ Gy) are compared. It is found that the spectral characteristics of the crystals doped with silver, bismuth, and molybdenum cations do not change markedly after the exposure. The relation between the type of impurity-induced defects, individual characteristics of the impurity cations, and the character of the effect of γ-radiation on the spectral luminescence properties of impure crystals is analyzed (preliminarily). Translated from Zhurnal Prikladnoi Spektroskopii, Vol. 64, No. 1, pp. 55–60, January–February, 1997.     

Research on beamforming method for dual-line array with space mismatch between the two line arrays

The performance of port/starboard discrimination of dual-line array will be seriously degraded when the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. The directivity function of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is deduced and the port/starboard discrimination of the delay-sum and delay-subtract beamforming is also studied both under the ideal status and the status under which the space between the two line arrays of the dual-line array is mismatched. Analysis results show the delay-subtract beamforming has better performance of port/starboard discrimination. At last, the sea trial results demonstrate the theoretical results.     

Sorting of bending magnets for the SSRF booster

The Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility(SSRF)booster ring,a full energy injector for the storage ring,is deigned to accelerate the electron beam energy from 150MeV to 3.5GeV that demands high extraction efficiency at the extraction energy with low beam loss rate when electrons are ramping.Closed orbit distortion(COD)caused by bending magnet field uniformity errors which affects the machine performance harmfully could be effectively reduced by bending magnet location sorting.Considering the affections of random errors in measurement,both ideal sorting and realistic sorting are studied based on measured bending magnet field uniformity errors and one reasonable combination of bending magnets which can reduce the horizontal COD by a factor of 5is given as the final installation sequence of the booster bending magnets in this paper.     

Retrieval of ultraviolet skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities from balloon-borne limb spectrometer

With a novel light-weight and absolutely calibrated ultraviolet （UV） spectrometer, UV skylight radiances and O3 slant column densities are measured by balloon-borne limb measurements in Xinjiang area, China. UV skylight radiances measured at the height of 31 km are compared with the results from Modtran in the wavelength range from 290 to 420 nm. O3 slant column densities are derived from radiance spectra in the Huggins bands （320 - 335 nm） using differential optical absorption spectroscopy method. And the parameter exhibits a good correlation with the same value simulated by radiative transfer model （Tracy）. The O3 profile simultaneously measured by an O3 sonde is used as input in Tracy calculations. The O3 sonde is launched on the same balloon.     

Design optimization of highly sensitive LSPR enhanced surface plasmon resonance biosensors with nanoholes

For breaking through the sensitivity limitation of conventional surface plasmon resonance (SPR) biosensors, novel highly sensitive SPR biosensors with Au nanoparticles and nanogratings enhancement have been proposed recently.But in practice, these structures have obvious disadvantages.In this study, a nanohole based sensitivity enhancement SPR biosensor is proposed and the influence of different structural parameters on the performance is investigated by using rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA).Electromagnetic field distributions around the nanohole are also given out to directly explain the performance difference for various structural parameters.The results indicate that significant sensitivity increase is associated with localized surface plasmons (LSPs) excitation mediated by nanoholes.Except to outcome the weakness of other LSP based biosensors, larger resonance angle shift, reflectance amplitude, and sharper SPR curves' width are obtained simultaneously under optimized structural parameters.     

Polymer gratings based on photopolymerization for low-order distributed feedback polymer lasers

Novel polymer distributed feedback(DFB)gratings are fabricated based on photopolymerization to reduce lasing threshold of polymer lasers.A photopolymer formulation sensitive to 355-nm ultraviolet(UV)light is proposed for the fabrication of polymer gratings and it can be used to form polymer films by spin-coating process.A very low surface-relief depth ranging from 12.5 to about 1.0 nm has been demonstrated with a refractive-index modulation of about 0.012.The experimental results indicate that such polymer gratings have promising potentials for the fabrication of low-order DFB organic semiconductor lasers.