二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂与鲱鱼精DNA的相互作用研究

本文采用电子光谱法、荧光光谱、粘度法等方法研究了4种二苯甲酮类(benzophenone,BPs)紫外吸收剂:二苯甲酮(BP)、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(UV-0)、2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮(UV-531)和2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮(UV-9)与鲱鱼精DNA(hs-DNA)的相互作用,并采用凝胶电泳考察了BPs对pBR322质粒DNA迁移作用的影响。结果表明,BPs可引起DNA在～260 nm处的特征紫外吸收峰小的红移(～2 nm)和明显的增色效应(2.1～106%);BPs可竞争亚甲基蓝(methylene blue,MB)与DNA的结合,使得DNA-MB体系中的荧光强度随着BPs的加入而增大;DNA在Tris缓冲液中的相对粘度几乎不随BPs浓度的增加而改变;BPs虽然可以使pBR322质粒DNA的超螺旋构型(Form I)比例有所下降,但对其构型和迁移速率的影响均不显著。热力学研究表明BPs与DNA的结合常数K为10~4～10~(5 )L·mol~(-1)。结合分子对接模型计算推测:BPs与DNA可能通过范德华力以沟槽式相结合。     

苯乙烯-甲基丙烯酸四甲基哌啶醇酯共聚物(PDS)与紫外吸收剂并用对聚丙烯光防护行为研究

本文采用IR、UV、SEM等实验方法,研究了高分子受阻胺PDS与紫外吸收剂UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)和UV-327(2-(2′-羟基-3′,5′,-二叔丁基)-5氯代苯并三唑)并用对聚丙烯薄膜的光防护作用。实验表明,PDS与UV-531并用有较好的协同效应。这种协同效应被证明主要是PDS对:UV-531的光氧分解有抑制作用所致。PDS与UV-327并用有弱的反协同作用。这种作用被证实是PDS在聚丙烯中的分相作用导致UV-327分散不均所致。实验还发现,PDS对UV-327的光氧分解同样具有抑制作用。并提出了在二种体系中协同与反协同的作用机理。     

1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶醇与紫外吸收剂和猝灭剂在对聚丙烯膜光稳定作用中并用效应的研究

<正> 最近的研究发现,五甲基哌啶醇与四甲基哌啶醇的光稳定机理有一定的不同。我们还观察到2,2,6,6-四甲基哌啶醇与2-羟基-4-辛氧基二苯甲酮(UV-531)同时添加到聚丙烯膜中具有明显的协同效应。本实验探讨了1,2,2,6,6-五甲基哌啶醇(PMP)与几种紫外吸收剂及猝灭剂的并用效应,并比较四甲基哌啶醇及五甲基哌啶醇与紫外吸收剂并用效应的差别。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量北大核心CSCD

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮和2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量。采用水、酸性汗液、碱性汗液、皂液等迁移模拟液。迁移模拟液加入到纺织品样品中后,采用水浴摇床振荡,振荡频率为80r·min^(-1),迁移时间为90min,在水及皂液中迁移时水温为常温,在酸性汗液及碱性汗液中迁移时水温为(37±2)℃,迁移模拟液采用乙腈液液萃取。以Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和水的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式。4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1~3μg·L^(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为3~10μg·L^(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为85.5%~102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.4%~8.4%。对纺织品样品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂进行迁移评估,结果表明:4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移比例为0.02%~3.65%,最大迁移时间为60~90min。     

液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量

采用液相色谱-串联质谱法测定纺织品中二苯甲酮、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮和2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮等4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移量。采用水、酸性汗液、碱性汗液、皂液等迁移模拟液。迁移模拟液加入到纺织品样品中后,采用水浴摇床振荡,振荡频率为80r·min~(-1),迁移时间为90min,在水及皂液中迁移时水温为常温,在酸性汗液及碱性汗液中迁移时水温为(37±2)℃,迁移模拟液采用乙腈液液萃取。以Waters Atlantis T3色谱柱为分离柱,以不同体积比的乙腈和水的混合液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,串联质谱分析中采用电喷雾离子源和多反应监测模式。4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度在一定范围内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,方法的检出限(3S/N)为1~3μg·L~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为3~10μg·L~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为85.5%~102%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为4.4%~8.4%。对纺织品样品中4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂进行迁移评估,结果表明:4种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的最大迁移比例为0.02%~3.65%,最大迁移时间为60~90min。     

高效液相色谱法同时测定纺织品中11种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂

剪碎后的纺织品样品0.500 0g经30mL甲醇于60℃超声提取30min,冷却至室温后,取上清液用0.45μm有机滤膜过滤,采用高效液相色谱法同时测定滤液中11种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的含量。以xBridge shield RP C_(18)色谱柱(250mm×4.6mm,5μm)为分离柱,用0.1%(体积分数,下同)甲酸溶液和含0.1%甲酸的甲醇-异丙醇溶液(甲醇与异丙醇体积比为7∶3)以不同比例混合的溶液为流动相进行梯度洗脱,在检测波长280nm处进行测定。11种二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂的质量浓度均在0.5～20.0mg·L~(-1)内与其对应的峰面积呈线性关系,检出限(3S/N)为3～9mg·kg~(-1),测定下限(10S/N)为9～27mg·kg~(-1)。以空白样品为基体进行加标回收试验,所得回收率为87.6%～107%,测定值的相对标准偏差(n=6)为1.9%～8.3%。方法应用于33批次的防紫外线纺织产品样品的分析,4-羟基二苯甲酮在所有样品中均未检出,其他二苯甲酮类紫外吸收剂均在样品中有不同程度的检出,2-羟基-4-甲氧基二苯甲酮的检出率最高,达到了58%,质量分数在42～261mg·kg~(-1)之间。     

双功能受阻胺与紫外线吸收剂并用的协同效应研究

本文用IR、UV、ESR、TLC等方法研究了新型的双功能受阻胺光稳定剂,Tinuvin-144 [2-(4′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基)苄基-2-正丁基丙二酸五甲基哌啶醇酯]与紫外线吸收剂,UV-531(2-羟基-4-正辛氧基二苯甲酮)和UV-327(2-[2′-羟基-3′,5′-二叔丁基]-5-氯 代苯并三唑)并用体系对聚丙烯光稳定化的并用效应。结果表明,Tinuvin-144与UV-531,UV-327并用时均具有良好的协同效应,144对531,327或531,327对144的光分解均具有相互的保护作用。结果还表明,144与531或327无论在模拟体系或聚丙烯中,在诱导期内均不存在促使他们消耗的化学反应,提出了协同作用的机理。     

1,2-环氧丙醚基芳香酮紫外线吸收剂的微波合成和表征

以2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮、4-羟基苯乙酮(HAP)为原料分别和环氧氯丙烷反应,经微波辐照合成了两种反应性紫外线吸收剂2-羟基-4-缩水甘油醚基二苯甲酮(HEPBP)和4-缩水甘油醚基苯乙酮(EPAP)。结构采用红外光谱、核磁和质谱表征。最佳合成条件为:n(羟基芳香酮)∶n(环氧氯丙烷)=1∶3,微波功率400W,于90℃反应15min,收率分别是52.6%和58.3%。与常规合成方法比较,微波合成法能降低反应温度、大大地缩短反应时间。产物中环氧丙烷基团的引入能明显改善芳香酮类紫外线吸收剂的紫外吸收性能。     

反式羟肟类萃取剂与金属离子的络合常数

用 Bjerrnm-calvin pH 滴定技术,在35℃、用3∶1二氧六环:水溶液及离子强度恒定(0. 1MKNO_3) 的条件下测定了反式5-异戊基2-羟基二苯甲酮肟萃取剂与质子、铜(Ⅱ)、铁(Ⅲ)、钴(Ⅱ)、镍(Ⅱ)、锌(Ⅱ)的络合稳定常数.并测得反式3-仲丁基2-羟基二苯甲酮肟和反式5-仲丁基2-羟基二苯甲酮肟萃取剂与质子、铜(Ⅱ)的络合稳定常数.     

含糖基水溶性紫外吸收剂的合成与表征

以三聚氯氰(TCT)、2,4-二羟基二苯甲酮(UV-0)、双丙酮葡萄糖为原料,经三步反应合成一种具有反应性基团的水溶性紫外吸收剂3-(2-(2-羟基苯基苯甲酮-4-氧基)-4-氯-1,3,5-三嗪-6-氧基)-1,2-异丙叉-α-D-葡萄糖(UV-DTM),产物的结构经IR、NMR和MS表征。探讨了每一步反应的条件对反应产率的影响。合成3-(4,6-二氯-1,3,5-三嗪-2-氧基)-1,2,5,6-双异丙叉-α-D-葡萄糖(DTDT)的优化反应条件为:n(三聚氯氰)∶n(双丙酮葡萄糖)∶n(Na OH)=0.9∶1∶1.7,在丙酮和水的混合体系中0℃下反应8h,产率73%。合成3-(2-(2-羟基苯基苯甲酮-4-氧基)-4-氯-1,3,5-三嗪-6-氧基)-1,2,5,6双异丙叉-α-D-葡萄糖(UV-DT)的优化条件为:n(DTDT)∶n(UV-0)∶n(Na OH)=1∶1.1∶1,在丙酮和水的混合体系中30℃下反应2h,产率74%。合成UV-DTM的优化条件为:每1mmol UV-DT与0.5m L盐酸(36%)在THF体系中25℃下反应5h,产率74%。UV-DTM的紫外吸收性能在240~400 nm内表现良好,水溶性得到大幅改善。     

Amplified potentiometric determination of pK(00), pK(0), pK(l), and pK(2) of hydrogen sulfides with Ag(2)S ISE

The chemical capacitor theory has been applied to accurately determine dissociation constants of H(2)S with the Ag(2)S ion-selective electrode (ISE). The theory's principle is based on the measurement of the change in electrode charge density as a result of protonated or unprotonated sulfide adsorbed on the electrode surface. This charge density is related to the potential. Connection of each individual capacitor in series amplifies the potential according to the equation, E(total)=E(1)+E(2)+E(3)+cdots, three dots, centeredE(n). As the charges of individual capacitors are concentrated to one capacitor area, the charge density rises, and the potential increases. The pK(00), pK(0), pK(1), and pK(2) are reported as 1.8, 2.12, 7.05, and 12.0, respectively. The pK(00) and pK(0) are reported here for the first time. The pK(1) agrees well with the literature values; however, the pK(2) differs from those reported recently under extreme conditions. Reasons for disproving the unreasonably high pK(2)>17-19 values are given based on calculations. Mainly, when pK(2)>17-19, the experimental results do not fit the equilibrium equations, pH=(pK(1)+pK(2))/2, pK(1)=(pK(0)+pK(2))/2, and pH=pK(2)+log(HS(-))/(S(2-)).     

Determination of the intrinsic site pK(a) value and cooperativity of the symmetrical hexadentate chelator N,N',N'-tris[2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl)acetamido]ethylamine

The three overlapping pK(a) values of N,N',N'-tris[2-(3-hydroxy-2-oxo-1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl)acetamido]ethylamine, a tripodal hexadentate chelator formed from three 3-hydroxy-2(1H)-pyridinone moieties amide linked to tris-(2-aminoethyl)amine, were determined by simultaneous spectrophotometric and potentiometric titration. The data was analysed by non-linear regression with constraints to deal with (a) the highly correlated absorptivities and (b) the highly correlated pK(a) values. The three pK(a) values were optimized first from the spectrophotometric data (absorbance vs. pH) by non-linear regression to a model in which the molar absorptivity of the ith species ((i)) was constrained by the correlation equation (i) = epsilon (0) + (epsilon (3) - epsilon (0))i 3 with i = 0, 1, 2, 3, where (3) and (0) represent the molar absorptivities of the most protonated and least protonated species, respectively. The molar absorbitivity of the four species defined by three pK(a) values is, therefore, linearly related to proton stoichiometry. The pK(a) values were then optimized from the potentiometric data (pH vs. titrant volume) by non-linear regression to a model in which the three pK(a) values were constrained by the correlation equation pK(a(i)) = pK(a(int)) + b(i - 1) + (i - 2)log(3) where i = 1, 2 or 3. This expresses the three pK(a) values in terms of only two optimizable parameters, the intrinsic site pK(a) (pK(a(int))) and the interaction energy between sites (b). The fixed term (i - 2)log(3) accounts for the statistical effect on the pK(a) values of three equivalent ionizable sites. The modified analytical derivatives required for optimization of these parameters by the Gauss-Newton-Marquardt algorithm and the merits of optimizing pK(a) values with these two correlation equations are discussed. The optimized pK(a) values were 9.31 +/- 0.01, 8.75 +/- 0.01 and 8.19 +/- 0.01. The separation between pK(a) values is 0.58 comprising 0.477 for the statistical effect and 0.081 for the interaction energy while the intrinsic site pK(a) is 8.672 +/- 0.005. The tertiary amine at the centre of the tripodal backbone has a pK(a) of 5.88 +/- 0.03.     

双功能受阻胺光稳定剂GW-540与紫外线吸收剂并用效应的研究

本文用IR、UV、SEM等方法,研究了双功能基受阻胺光稳定剂——三(1,2,2,6,6-五甲基-4-哌啶基)亚磷酸酯(GW-540),与紫外线吸收剂UV-531、UV-327并用时对聚丙烯的防光作用,结果表明:GW-540-UV-531并用体系有良好的防光作用,呈强的协同效应;GW-540-UV-327并用体系呈弱的对抗作用。结果还表明:GW-540对531和327的光分解均有保护作用.电镜研究表明,加入GW-540后,使UV-327在聚丙烯中分散更不均匀,从而影响其效率的发挥。文中提出了两个体系的协同和对抗作用机理。     

Calculation of the relative acidities and oxidation potentials of para-substituted phenols. A model for alpha-tocopherol in solution

Relative acidities (Delta pK(a)) of phenols and oxidation potentials (Delta E(ox)) of the phenoxide anions have been calculated for nine para-substituted phenols using density functional theory. Solvent effects were incorporated using the conductor-like polarisable continuum method. Using the calculated Delta pK(a) and Delta E(ox) values in a thermodynamic cycle, the DeltaBDE (bond dissociation enthalpy) of the phenols were also determined with all values calculated to within 1.5 kcal mol(-1) of experiment. The Delta pK(a) and Delta E(ox) values were calculated for 6-hydroxy-2,2,5,7,8-pentamethylchroman (HPMC), a model for alpha-tocopherol for which there are no known experimental values. The acidity of this compound is raised by 2.4 pK(a) units and lowered by -0.79 V relative to phenol with a calculated Delta BDE of -14.9 kcal mol(-1). There is a negative correlation (r(2) = 0.86) between the Delta pK(a) and the Delta BDE values. A stronger and positive correlation is found between the Delta E(ox) (r(2) = 0.98) and the Delta BDE values. Using these correlations it is uncovered that hydrogen abstraction of phenols, as measured by the Delta BDE, is driven by electron transfer rather than by proton transfer.     

Prediction of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-one (HPO) hydroxyl pKa values

As an aid in optimising the design of 3-hydroxypyridin-4-ones (HPOs) intended for use as therapeutic Fe(3+) chelating agents, various quantum mechanical (QM) and semi-empirical (QSAR) methods have been explored for predicting the pK(a) values of the hydroxyl groups in these compounds. Using a training set of 15 HPOs with known hydroxyl pK(a) values, reliable predictions are shown to be obtained with QM calculations using the B3LYP/6-31+G(d)/CPCM model chemistry (with Pauling radii, and water as solvent). With this methodology, the observed hydroxyl pK(a) values for the training set compound are closely matched by the predicted pK(a) values, with the correlation between the observed and predicted values giving r(2) = 0.98. Predictions subsequently made by this method for a test set of 48 HPOs of known hydroxyl pK(a) values (11 of which were determined experimentally in this study), gave predicted pK(a) values accurate to within ±0.2 log units. In order to further investigate the predictive power of the method, two novel HPOs were synthesised and their hydroxyl pK(a) values were determined experimentally. Comparison of these predicted pK(a) values against the measured values gave absolute deviations of 0.13 (10.18 vs. 10.31) and 0.43 (5.58 vs. 5.15).     

Fast high-throughput method for the determination of acidity constants by capillary electrophoresis. II. Acidic internal standards

A fast method for the determination of acidity constants by CZE has been recently developed. This method is based on the use of an internal standard of pK(a) similar to that of the analyte. In this paper we establish the reference pK(a) values of a set of 24 monoprotic neutral acids of varied structure that we propose as internal standards. These compounds cover the most usual working pH range in CZE and facilitate the selection of adequate internal standards for a given determination. The reference pK(a) values of the acids have been established by the own internal standard method, i.e. from the mobility differences between different acids of similar pK(a) in the same pH buffers. The determined pK(a) values have been contrasted to the literature pK(a) values and confirmed by determination of the pK(a) values of some acids of the set by the classical CE method. Some systematic deviations of mobilities have been observed in NaOH buffer in reference to the other used buffers, overcoming the use of NaOH in the classical CE method. However, the deviations affect in a similar degree to the test compounds and internal standards allowing thus, the use of NaOH buffer in the internal standard method. This fact demonstrates the better performance of the internal standard method over the classical method to correct mobility deviations, which together with its fastness makes it an interesting method for the routine determination of accurate pK(a) values of new pharmaceutical drugs and drug precursors.     

Spectrophotometric characterization of some analgesics and antipyretics

The dissociation constants of protonated 1,3,7-trimethylxanthine (caffeine), 1,2-dihydro-1,5-dimethyl-4-(1-methylethyl)-2-phenyl-3H-pyrazol-3-one (propyphenazone), 3,3-diethyl-2,4-dioxotetrahydropyridine (pyrithyldione), N-(4-ethoxyphenyl)acetamide (phenacetin) and N-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-acetamide (paracetamol) have been determined by spectrophotometric measurements made over the range of hydrogen-ion concentration from H(0)-8 to PH 16. The values obtained were: caffeine, pK(1)-0.11 +/- 0.05; propyphenazone, pK(1) 0.91 +/- 0.02; pyrithyldione, pK(1) -3.75 +/- 0.05, pK(2) 11.56 +/- 0.05; phenacetin, pK(1) -1.35 +/- 0.03, pK(2) approximately 15-16; paracetamol, pK(1) -1.71 +/- 0.04, pK(2) 9.68 +/- 0.06. In basic solution caffeine was unstable and at pH 14 decomposed with a half-life of 54.6 min.     

Acid-base equilibria in nonpolar media. 2.(1) Self-consistent basicity scale in THF solution ranging from 2-methoxypyridine to EtP(1)(pyrr) phosphazene

Relative ion-pair basicities Delta(pK)(ip) of 25 substituted aryl and alkyl iminophosphoranes (phosphazenes) and 20 other N-bases (various pyridines, amines, amidines) have been measured in THF medium using the UV-Vis and/or (13)C NMR methods. The Delta(pK)(ip) values were corrected for ion pairing using the Fuoss equation to obtain relative ionic basicities Delta(pK)(alpha). Based on the measurements, a basicity scale ranging from 2-methoxypyridine to EtP(1)(pyrr) and having a total span over 18 pK units has been created. The scale has been anchored to the pK(alpha) value of triethylamine (pK(alpha) = 12.5). The results are compared to pK(a) values in various other solvents and in the gas phase. The pK(alpha) values give better correlations than the pK(ip) values, thus indirectly validating the procedure of correction for ion pairing. The predictability of the basicity together with suitable spectral properties in the UV range make the phenylphosphazenes convenient neutral indicators in the high basicity range where the choice of neutral indicators is very limited.     

Protonation equilibria of quinolone antibacterials in acetonitrile-water mobile phases used in LC

Ionization constants of nine quinolone antibacterials in acetonitrile-water mixtures containing 0, 5.5, 10, 16.3, 25, 30, 40, 50 and 70% (w/w) acetonitrile were obtained and assignment of these pK values to the several potentially ionizable functional groups was made. The variation of the pK values obtained over the whole composition range studied can be explained by consideration of the preferential solvation of electrolytes in acetonitrile-water mixtures. In order to obtain pK values in any of the unlimited number of possible binary solvent acetonitrile-water mixtures, relationships between pK values and different bulk properties (such as dielectric constant) were examined. The linear solvation energy relationships method, LSER, was applied to study the correlation of pK values with the solvatochromic parameters of acetonitrile-water mixtures. The equations obtained allow calculation of the pK values of the quinolone antimicrobials in any acetonitrile-water mixtures up to 70% (w/w) and thus permit the knowledge of the acid-base behaviour of these important antimicrobials in the widely used acetonitrile-water media.