The phase diagram of simple metamagnets as determined by the cluster variation method

In order to explore the global properties of a simple Ising metamagnet we computed the values of the coupling parameters for which the tricritical behavior is replaced by bicritical endpoints (Lifshitz point). The transition points are determined by means of the cluster variation method. The metamagnets studied have an antiferromagnetic coupling between the spins on two chosen sublattices and a ferromagnetic coupling between spins on the same sublattice. The following lattices and sublatices were considered: two-dimensional square, simple cubic and two different subdivisions of the fcc and bcc lattices each. The method used is based on the coincidence of two roots for the bicritical endpoints and of three roots for the tricritical point. In contrast to the molecular field and the pair approximation results, the presence or absence of the Lifshitz point depends on the lattice structure considered. We discuss the comparison of our results with the results from the renormalization theories.     

两种扩展Harper模型的波包动力学

本文通过二次矩M₂(t)和概率分布W_n(t)数值地研究了两种扩展Harper模型的波包动力学,得到了这两种模型中各个相、各条临界线以及三相点的波包扩散情况.对于第一种扩展Harper模型,发现两个金属相中波包是弹道扩散的,在绝缘体相中波包不扩散,而在三相点以及各条临界线上波包是反常扩散的.同时,发现金属相—金属相转变的临界线上的波包动力学行为与金属相—绝缘体相转变的临界线上的相同,但三相点的动力学行为与各临 关键词： 金属绝缘体转变 扩展Harper模型 波包动力学     

Study of the first-order transition in the spin-1 Blume–Capel model by using effective-field theory

The spin-1 Blume–Capel model on a square lattice is studied by using an effective-field theory (EFT) with correlation. We propose an expression for the free energy within the EFT. The phase diagram is constructed in the temperature (T) and single-ion anisotropy amplitude (D) plane. The first-order transition line is obtained by Maxwell construction (comparison between free energies). Our results predict first-order transitions at low temperatures and large anisotropy strengths, which correspond in the phase diagram to the existence of a tricritical point (TCP). We compare our results with mean-field approximation (MFA), that show a qualitative correct behavior for the phase diagram.     

Magnetic fluids in an external field

Within mean field approximation we investigate the phase diagrams of magnetic fluids in presence of a magnetic field. In a finite field the magnetic phase transition is absent, but instead a line of first order liquid-liquid transitions ending in a critical point occurs for a magnetic interaction, which is sufficiently strong. Varying the magnetic field these critical points extend from the tricritical point at H=0 to a critical endpoint. For a fluid with Ising spins we calculate the critical lines and several tricritical exponents analytically. For Heisenberg fluids we obtain the phase diagrams from a numerical solution of the mean field equations of state. Received 20 March 1998     

Sandwiched trilayer of Bethe lattices in the form of spin-(1/2,1,1/2)

The sandwiched trilayer of Bethe lattices in the form of the spins with spin-(1/2,1,1/2) Ising model is studied in terms of the recursion relations with either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic type bilinear interactions between the nearest-neighbor (NN) spins. The ground-state (GS) phase diagrams are obtained and it was found that the model presents six different GS phase configurations. In order to obtain the phase diagrams, the thermal variations of the order-parameter, spin-spin correlation functions and free energy are analyzed and different topological phase diagrams are obtained. It was found that the system exhibits different critical behaviors such as, second- and first-order phase transitions, tricritical and bicritical points for the values of the coordination numbers q=3,4 and 6.     

Ferromagnetic Properties of Bond-Dilution and Random Positive or Negative Uniaxial Anisotropy Blume-Capel Model

We study the ferromagnetic properties of spin-1 system, which is considered in the frame of the bonddilution and random positive or negative anisotropy Blume-Capel model in the effective field theory and a cutting approximation. The investigation of phase diagrams displays some rich properties of the trajectory of tricritical point,reentrant phenomena at low temperatures. Under certain both bond concentrations and random negative anisotropy,there are new transition lines of double tricritical points. So special emphasis is placed on the influence of the bond dilution and random anisotropy on phase diagrams. The magnetizations of the system are also discussed. Some results have not been revealed in previous reports.     

Ferromagnetic Properties of Bond-Dilution and Random Positive or Negative Uniaxial Anisotropy Blume-Capel Model

We study the ferromagnetic properties of spin-1 system, which is considered in the frame of the bond dilution and random positive or negative anisotropy Blume-Capel model in the effective field theory and a cutting approximation. The investigation of phase diagrams displays some rich properties of the trajectory of tricritical point, reentrant henomena at low temperatures. Under certain both bond concentrations and random negative anisotropy, there are new transition lines of double tricritical points. So special emphasis is placed on the influence of the bond dilution and random anisotropy on phase diagrams. The magnetizations of the system are also discussed. Some results have not been evealed in previous reports.     

The quantum transverse spin-2 Ising model with a bimodal random-field in the pair approximation

In this paper, we have investigated the bimodal random-field spin-2 Ising system in a transverse field by combining the pair approximation with the discretized path-integral representation. The exact equations for the second-order phase transition lines and tricritical points are obtained in terms of the random field H, the transverse field G and the coordination number z. It is found that there are some critical values for H and G where the tricritical points disappear for given z. We have also observed that the system presents reentrant behavior which may be caused by the quantum effects and randomness. The phase diagram with respect to the random field and the second-order phase transition temperature are studied extensively for given values of the transverse field and the coordination number.     

Trilayer Bethe lattices in the form of spin-(1/2,3/2,1/2)

The critical behaviors of the trilayer Bethe lattice in the form of spin-(1/2,3/2,1/2) with the exterior two layers consisting of spin-1/2 and the interior one having only spin-3/2 Ising spins are studied in terms of the recursion relations with either ferromagnetic or antiferromagnetic bilinear exchange interactions between the nearest-neighbor spins. The ground-state phase diagrams are calculated and it is found that the model presents six different ground state phase configurations. The thermal variations of the order-parameter and free energy are investigated, therefore, topologically different phase diagrams of the model are obtained. It is found that the model exhibits second- and first-order phase transitions, tricritical and bicritical points for the values of the coordination numbers q=3, 4 and 6 and, the reentrant behavior for q=4 and 6, respectively.     

Metamagnetic model in a field of arbitrary direction

The free energy of a metamagnetic model, in a magnetic field making an angle θ with the direction of uniaxial anisotropy, is calculated in the context of the mean-field approximation. The tricritical temperature decreases as θ increases, and finally vanishes for θ larger than a certain critical angle. In the (H_∥, H_⊥, T) space there is a line of tricritical points which separates two smoothly joining surfaces of first and of second order phase transitions.     

Phase diagram of the one-dimensional extended Hubbard model at half filling

We reexamine the ground-state phase diagram of the one-dimensional half-filled Hubbard model with on-site and nearest-neighbor repulsive interactions. We calculate second-order corrections to coupling constants in the weak-coupling renormalization-group approach ( g-ology) to show that the bond-charge-density-wave (BCDW) phase exists for weak couplings in between the charge-density-wave (CDW) and spin-density-wave (SDW) phases. We find that the umklapp scattering of parallel-spin electrons destabilizes the BCDW state and gives rise to a bicritical point where the CDW-BCDW and SDW-BCDW continuous-transition lines merge into the CDW-SDW first-order transition line.     

Green function theory of a Heisenberg ferromagnet with dipole-octupole interactions

The effect of dipole-octupole interaction on different magnetic parameters for the spinS=3/2 system in the presence of biquadratic exchange has been investigated. The Green function technique with random phase approximation (RPA) has been employed to obtain analytical results. These results are in good agreement with the results of the molecular field approzimation (MFA).     

The application of the differential operator method to the Blume-Emery-Griffiths model

Within an effective-field approximation, general expressions for evaluating the second-order phase transition line and the tricritical point of the anisotropic Blume-Emery-Griffiths model are obtained by the use of the differential operator technique. The phase diagrams and the behavior of the tricritical point are investigated numerically for the honeycomb lattice (z = 3) and square lattice (z = 4). We find a new disordered phase which may correspond to the staggered quadrupolar phase predicted in the Monte Carlo simulation, when some conditions are satisfied. The phase diagrams for z = 3 and z = 4 systems exhibit a reentrant behavior for positive values of the uniaxial anisotropy parameter. The change of the tricritical point with the value of the reduced biquadratic parameter is also studied for the system with z = 3.     

Antiferromagnetic Ising spin glass competing with BCS pairing interaction in a transverse field

The competition among spin glass (SG), antiferromagnetism (AF) and local pairing superconductivity (PAIR) is studied in a two-sublattice fermionic Ising spin glass model with a local BCS pairing interaction in the presence of an applied magnetic transverse field Γ. In the present approach, spins in different sublattices interact with a Gaussian random coupling with an antiferromagnetic mean J₀ and standard deviation J. The problem is formulated in the path integral formalism in which spin operators are represented by bilinear combinations of Grassmann variables. The saddle-point Grand Canonical potential is obtained within the static approximation and the replica symmetric ansatz. The results are analysed in phase diagrams in which the AF and the SG phases can occur for small g (g is the strength of the local superconductor coupling written in units of J), while the PAIR phase appears as unique solution for large g. However, there is a complex line transition separating the PAIR phase from the others. It is second order at high temperature that ends in a tricritical point. The quantum fluctuations affect deeply the transition lines and the tricritical point due to the presence of Γ.     

Yang-Lee zeros of the Potts model

The Yang-Lee zeros of the three-component ferromagnetic Potts model in one dimension in the complex plane of an applied field are determined. The phase diagram consists of a triple point where three phases coexist. Emerging from the triple point are three lines on which two phases coexist and which terminate at critical points (Yang-Lee edge singularity). The zeros do not all lie on the imaginary axis but along the three two-phase lines. The model can be generalized to give rise to a tricritical point which is a new type of Yang-Lee edge singularity. Gibbs phase rule is generalized to apply to coexisting phases in the complex plane.Supported in part by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. DMR-81-06151.     

Numerical study of the three-state Ashkin-Teller model with competing dynamics

An open ferromagnetic Ashkin-Teller model with spin variables 0, ±1 is studied by standard Monte Carlo simulations on a square lattice in the presence of competing Glauber and Kawasaki dynamics. The Kawasaki dynamics simulates spin-exchange processes that continuously flow energy into the system from an external source. Our calculations reveal the presence, in the model, of tricritical points where first order and second order transition lines meet. Beyond that, several self-organized phases are detected when Kawasaki dynamics become dominant. Phase diagrams that comprise phase boundaries and stationary states have been determined in the model parameters’ space. In the case where spin-phonon interactions are incorporated in the model Hamiltonian, numerical results indicate that the paramagnetic phase is stabilized and almost all of the self-organized phases are destroyed.     

Phase Diagram of Random Field Spin-S Ising Model with a Transverse Field

Random field spin-S Ising model with a transverse field has been studied by making use of the pair approximation with the discretized path-integral representation, and an analytical expression of second-order phase transition is derived for all the symmetric probability distributions of (longitudinal) random fields. The phase diagrams at T = 0 are obtained, and the conditions for existence of tricritical points are examined for an arbitrary number of nearest-neighbor spins.     

Purely quadrupolar spin-1 Ising model in a transverse field

A quantum Ising-like spin-1 model characterized by quadrupolar interaction, coupled to an external anisotropic field with both dipole and quadrupole momenta is analyzed. The general phase diagram (including temperature), as well as order parameter, specific heat, and susceptibility are evaluated in the mean-field approximation and exibit a rich structure with transitions of 2° and 1° order and tricritical points. ForT=0 the phase diagram is examined also by a recently formulated improved version of mean-field theory which has the usual mean-field theory as its zero-th order approximation.     

Fermionic Ising glasses in magnetic transverse field with BCS pairing interaction

We study a fermionic infinited-ranged Ising spin glass with a real space BCS interaction in the presence of an applied transverse field. The problem is formulated in the integral functional formalism where the SU(2) spins are given in terms of bilinear combinations of Grassmann fields. The problem is solved within static approximation and the replica symmetry ansatz combined with previous approaches used to study the critical behavior of the quantum Ising spin glass in a transverse field and the spin glass Heisenberg model with BCS pairing. Our results show that the transverse field has strong effect in the phase boundary of the spin glass phase and the PAIR phase in which there is a long range order corresponding to formations of pairs. The location of the tricritical point in the PAIR phase transition line is also affected.     

Multicritical points in a system with random single-ion anisotropy

A system with two competing anisotropies, one of which is random, is considered. Phase diagram in the molecular field approximation with two bicritical points, and a region of metastability is constructed. The renormalization group analysis of the critical behaviour for such a system is carried out. Instead of one of the bicritical points a tetracritical point described by the decoupled fixed point is found.