高效液相色谱法分离双手性中心β-氨基酮旋光异构体

建立了使用AE. Lichrom AM 1手性色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)直接拆分含有双手性中心的β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体的方法。考察了流动相的极性大小、洗脱方式及流速等因素对异构体拆分的影响,确定了分离β-氨基酮类化合物异构体的最佳分离条件: 流动相为正己烷/异丙醇,洗脱模式为二元高压梯度洗脱,流速为1 mL/min。在上述色谱条件下,完成了4种含双手性中心的β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体的基线分离(Rs＞1.5)。结果表明该方法可快捷、简便地分离双手性中心β-氨基酮类化合物的4个旋光异构体。     

Ti(III)-mediated opening of 2,3-epoxy alcohols to build five-membered carbocycles with multiple chiral centres

Stereoselective construction of highly substituted five-membered carbocycles with multiple chiral centres is described. Sharpless kinetic resolution was applied as the key step to prepare the required 2,3-epoxy alcohols and a Ti(III) radical mediated opening of the epoxide ring followed by intramolecular trapping of the generated radical with a suitably placed α,β-unsaturated ester resulted in the formation of five-membered carbocycles with up to three consecutive new chiral centres stereoselectively fixed.     

Solution structures by NMR of a novel antifungal drug: Petriellin A

Petriellin A is a novel cyclic depsipeptide antifungal compound consisting of nine l-configured residues, one d-phenyllactic acid (PhLac) and three unknown chiral centres: two N-methyl-threonines (MeThr1 & MeThr2) and one N-methyl-isoleucine (MeIle). NMR experiments including 2D ROESY, NOESY along with structural and energy calculations predicted that the unknown chiral centres were all l-configured, which was later verified chemically. Simulated annealing, dynamics calculations and minimisation processes showed Petriellin A to have a folded "C-shaped" structure.     

Reversing the Handedness of Self‐Assembled Porous Molecular Networks through the Number of Identical Chiral Centres

Scanning tunnelling microscope observations at the 1‐phenyloctane/graphite interface reveal how chiral structural information at the molecular level is transferred and expressed structurally at the 2D supramolecular level for a porous system. The chirality of self‐assembled molecular networks formed by chiral dehydrobenzo[12]annulene (cDBA) derivatives having three chiral chains and three achiral chains, alternatingly, is compared with those of cDBAs having six chiral chains reported previously. While for all cDBAs homochiral surfaces are formed, their handedness is not simply a reflection of the absolute configuration of the stereogenic centres. Both the number of stereogenic centres as well as the length of the achiral chains determine the supramolecular handedness, providing a deep insight into the supramolecular chirality induction mechanisms at play. Moreover, these cDBAs act to induce chirality in porous networks formed by achiral DBAs.     

The effects of a second branched alkyl chain and double chiral centres on the phase transition and spontaneous polarization of a chiral smectic liquid crystal

The effects of a second branched alkyl chain, lateral substitution, and double chiral centres on the phase transition and spontaneous polarization of the ferroelectric liquid crystal having a 2-methylalkanoyl group have been investigated. The introduction of another branched alkyl chain away from the 2-methylalkanoyl group causes a sharp S_C*-S_A transition peak and also enhances the ferroelectric properties in the S_C* phase. Since the order within the layers is liquid-like in the S_C* phase, the alkyl chain branching away from both the chiral centre and a polar group affects the overall motion of the molecule in the S_C* phase. In the system of a compound with double chiral centres, the existence of the chiral centre in the 2-methylalkanoyl group affects the phase transition temperatures and the magnitude of the spontaneous polarization in the S_C* phase. On the other hand, the existence of the chiral centre in the 2-methylbutyl group only affects the stability of a more highly ordered smectic phase appearing below the S_C* phase.     

Electronic and structural chirality of prochiral centres in chiral molecules. A non-steric contribution in stereoselective reactions

Prochiral centres of local C_1h symmetry may undergo addition reactions leading to the destruction of the reflection plane and consequently the formation of a new chiral centre. The chirality of the product is determined by whether the attack is from above or below the plane, so that a hypothetically isolated prochiral centre would lead to equal amounts of the two forms of the chiral product. It is shown, however, that prochiral centres in chiral molecules are, strictly speaking, electronically and structurally chiral even prior to addition because of long range electronic coupling between the prochiral centre and the other parts of the molecule. The nature of the perturbations leading to such chirality are derived, and the role of this induced chirality in leading to stereoselectivity (i.e. favoured attack from one side of the plane) discussed.     

Hosomi-Sakurai reactions of silacyclic allyl silanes

Substituted silacyclohexenes, generated through silene-diene [4 + 2] cycloaddition reactions, undergo Lewis acid promoted Sakurai type reactions with acetals to afford, following oxidation of the resultant fluorosilane, 1,4-diols with four contiguous chiral centres.     

Synthese et etude par resonance magnetique nucleaire du carbone 13 et de l'etain 119 d'une serie de triorganostannyl-2 butanes

Optically active triorgano-2-stannylbutanes have been synthetized by different methods, one being the direct substitution of optically active s-butyl halides with triorganostannyl alkali metals. This route involves a complete or partial inversion of configuration at the chiral carbon atom. Carbon-13 and tin-119 NMR data are reported as support for the identification of eight triorgano-2-stannylbutanes. The special case of tetra(2-butyl)tin, with four identical chiral centres has been examined.     

Chiral allyl cations are captured by furan with 100% stereoselectivity: synthesis of enantiopure 2-alkoxy-8-oxabicyclo

A low-temperature (-95 degrees C) protocol for intermolecular cycloadditions of furan to chiral silyloxyallyl cations in dichloromethane is described. Key precursors are open-chain, mixed a-ketoacetals, which are chiral. The resulting [4+3] cycloadducts are densely functionalized and are isolated as single enantiomers in high chemical yield. The yield of the cycloadducts increases with increasing dilution. Three and four stereogenic centres are created in one single step.     

Ferroelectric liquid crystal materials synthesized from 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutyloxy]propanol

A new chiral alcohol, 2(S)-[2(S)-methylbutyloxy]propanol (3), containing two chiral centres has been synthesized from ethyl lactate and (S)-1-iodo-2-methylbutane. It was used as a chiral building block for the preparation of ferroelectric liquid crystal materials. Several of the new materials exhibit an enantiotropic S*_c phase with a wide temperature range. The results indicate that the molecular structure of 3 is useful for synthesizing ferroelectric liquid crystal materials.     

Synthesis of new chiral PNAs bearing a dipeptide-mimic monomer with two lysine-derived stereogenic centres

The synthesis of new chiral PNA analogues based on lysine is reported. In particular, l- and/or d-lysine-based PNA submonomers bearing two lysine side chains exactly spaced as in the dipeptide Lys-Lys were synthesized and incorporated in the middle of decameric PNA strands, obtaining four diastereomeric (LD, DL, LL and DD) lysine-based chiral PNAs. The hybridization with their complementary antiparallel DNA strand was studied by melting temperature determination and compared with the analogue achiral PNA and chiral PNAs bearing one residue with either of the two lysine enantiomers. The binding abilities were shown to be strongly dependent on the configuration of the stereogenic centres.     

A widely applicable concept for predictable induction of preferred configuration in C3-symmetric systems

Starting from a single chiral platform a widely applicable concept to introduce the preferred configuration of octahedral and tetrahedral centres in C3-symmetric systems is described.     

Stereoselective Synthesis of the C(19)-to-C(27) Segment of Rifamycin S

The synthesis of diester 3 , a synthon for the C(19)-to-C(27) segment of rifamycin S ( 1 ), is described, starting from the meso-diester 4 (Schemes 2 and 3). Inversion of the configuration at the later C(23) and two aldol condensations with the lithium enolate 18 of 2,6-dimethylphenyl propionate each producing two new chiral centres of threo-configuration, led to the desired diester 3 . The absolute configuration of the new chiral centres was proven by a single X-ray analysis of intermediate 19 (Fig.) and by converting diester 3 into meso-diester 25 .     

One teflon-like channelled nanoporous polymer with a chiral and new uninodal 4-connected net: sorption and catalytic properties

Zn(C17H8F6O4) is the first example of a fluoro-lined nanotube organo-inorganic 3D polymeric chiral structure, which possesses two different types of isolated channels, one of them being laid out with a double spiral of CF3-groups from the ligand molecule; the structure is a new uninodal 4-connected net that only exists when bent ligands connect the centres, and the compound exhibits selective sorption and catalytic chiral recognition properties.     

Stereocontrolled (E,Z and erythro, threo) synthesis of ⊙-hydroxyallylic sulphides

All four isomers of substituted 3-alkylthio-4-hydroxybutenes have been synthesised: both the geometry of the double bond and the relative stereochemistry of the two chiral centres are controlled.     

Hosomi-Sakurai reactions of silacyclohexenes

Silacyclic allyl silanes, derived from silene-diene Diels-Alder reactions, combine with acetals in the presence of Lewis acids to afford, following oxidation of the intermediate fluorosilane, either butane-1,4-diols or tetrahydronaphthalenes containing four contiguous chiral centres with moderate to good diastereoselectivity.     

Thin ferroelectric liquid crystal layers: mechanical stability and fast electro-optical response,connection between molecule design and surface properties

The storage of information after mechanical stimuli even without applied electrical field is based on the elastic properties of the ferroelectric liquid crystal (FLC) material and the anchoring energy. It is favourable for chiral molecules with extended length, such as 4,4′-di-substituted quaterphenyls and 4,4′-di-substituted quinquephenyls, which have in series-connected benzene rings, but not separated by bridging fragments. To obtain the required stability with a reasonable switching speed of about 50 μs 4,4′-di-substituted chiral quaterphenyls with two chiral centres on the same wing has been synthesised. Here, the switching is much faster compared to compounds with same quaterphenyl fragment, but only with one chiral centre.     

Stereoselective formation of dinuclear complexes with anomalous CD spectra

A novel chiral tetradentate Schiff base ligand forms dinuclear lambda,lambda-[M2L2Cl2]2+ complexes with high diastereoselectivity; the complexes exhibit anomalous CD spectra due to exciton coupling of chromophores located on different metal centres.     

Enzymatic resolution of α-hydroxyphosphinates with two stereogenic centres and determination of absolute configuration of stereoisomers obtained

The use of quinine as a chiral solvating agent allows us to determine a tentative absolute configuration at the phosphorus atom of hydroxyphosphinates with two stereogenic centres (at the phosphorus and α-carbon atoms). Two ethyl butyryloxyalkane(P-phenyl)phosphinates were hydrolysed using various lipases. In all cases isomers possessing α-carbon atom with an (S)-configuration were hydrolysed preferentially. The absolute configuration of both chiral centres of obtained α-hydroxyphosphinates was determined by using (S)-(+)-MTPA-Cl and quinine. The mode of chiral discrimination of α-hydroxyphosphinates by quinine was studied by means of computational chemistry, which confirmed the experimental findings that the signals in ³¹P NMR spectra of compounds with an (R_P)-configuration are situated upfield when compared with the respective (S_P) isomers.     

Contribution to the total synthesis of caribenolide I

Stereoselective synthesis of C₁₃-C₂₉ fragment of caribenolide I, a potent antitumour macrolide isolated from a marine dinoflagellate Amphidinium sp. is described. The key step relies on a highly diastereoselective C-glycosylation, using a bulky chiral oxazolidin-2-thione, to control the absolute configuration of C₂₁. The C₂₄ and C₂₅ stereogenic centres were controlled by the enantioselective vinylogous Mukayiama aldol reaction, whereas C₁₄ and C₁₆ stereogenic centres were built from a chiral bis-epoxide.