Adsorption behaviour of NaCl solution on the surface of MgO: a molecular dynamics study

Magnesium alloy is one of the most promising biomaterials in vascular clogging and bone injury. But it still has some defects to overcome and the key task is to control the degradation velocity. In this study, the reaction between NaCl solution and MgO is simplified as the first stage of the degradation of magnesium alloy stent, and the adsorption properties of NaCl solution on the MgO surface are investigated by MD simulation. The distribution of each component of the solution perpendicular to the MgO surface is analysed and the diffusion coefficient is calculated. Besides, a parameterised analysis is carried out. The results show that there is a solution layer formed at the surface of the MgO, and the existence of metal oxide restricts the diffusion of the solution. The adsorption capacity and the diffuse rate have an opposite variation tendency with the change of temperature, concentration and velocity. The self-diffusion coefficient of the solution increases with the increase in temperature as well as velocity, inversely adsorption capacity decreases with the increase in velocity. Besides, the influence of temperature on the adsorption capacity is small. What is more, the diffusion coefficient decreases while the adsorption capacity increases with the increase in concentration.     

Nonlinear Interaction of Elliptical Laser Beam with Collisional Plasma:Effect of Linear Absorption

In the present work,nonlinear interaction of elliptical laser beam with collisional plasma is studied by using paraxial ray approximation.Nonlinear differential equations for the beam width parameters of semi-major axis and semi-minor axis of elliptical laser beam have been set up and solved numerically to study the variation of beam width parameters with normalized distance of propagation.Effects of variation in absorption coefficient and plasma density on the beam width parameters are also analyzed.It is observed from the analysis that extent of self-focusing of beam increases with increase/decrease in plasma density/absorption coefficient.     

Derivation of a closed form analytical expression for fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching in the case of continuous bleaching during read out

Measurements of very slow diffusive processes in membranes, like the diffusion of integral membrane proteins, by fluorescence recovery after photo bleaching (FRAP) are hampered by bleaching of the probe during the read out of the fluorescence recovery. In the limit of long observation time (very slow diffusion as in the case of large membrane proteins), this bleaching may cause errors to the recovery function and thus provides error-prone diffusion coefficients. In this work we present a new approach to a two-dimensional closed form analytical solution of the reaction-diffusion equation, based on the addition of a dissipative term to the conventional diffusion equation. The calculation was done assuming (i) a Gaussian laser beam profile for bleaching the spot and (ii) that the fluorescence intensity profile emerging from the spot can be approximated by a two-dimensional Gaussian. The detection scheme derived from the analytical solution allows for diffusion measurements without the constraint of observation bleaching. Recovery curves of experimental FRAP data obtained under non-negligible read-out bleaching for native membranes (rabbit endoplasmic reticulum) on a planar solid support showed excellent agreement with the analytical solution and allowed the calculation of the lipid diffusion coefficient.     

10.6μm激光诱导扩散中热致破坏的抑制

在半导体激光诱导扩散实验中,用连续波CO2 10．6μm激光聚焦后照射基片表面。为实现局部区域的选择扩散,激光光斑半径仅数十微米。要使曝光区温度达到扩散实验要求,必须使曝光区功率密度很高。另一方面,Si、InP等半导体材料对10．6μm波长激光的吸收系数随温度的升高而增大,这导致实验时容易产生热致破坏,损伤基片。在分析热致破坏的产生机理后,提出了在聚焦激光束照射下,曝光区温度的数值计算方法。计算结果表明,在半导体基片初始温度为室温时,以恒定功率的激光束照射基片,曝光区温度不能稳定在扩散试验需要的温度范围。在此基础上,提出了预热基片及对曝光区温度进行实时控制等抑制热致破坏的方法,有效地克服了这一困难。这对于用激光微细加工制作出高性能的单片光电集成电路(OEICs)器件有重要意义。     

One-dimensional reflective diffuser for line beam shaper with microlens array homogenizer

A laser beam shaping architecture based on a microlens array homogenizer has been exploited, in which the interference effect due to the coherency of the laser source deteriorates the uniformity. Moving diffusers have been considered as an effective way of averaging out the interference pattern. Because the uniformity is required in the line direction only, a one-dimensional reflective-type diffuser with a well-controlled diffusion angle has been proposed and prototyped. The diffuser is attached onto a rotating cylinder for movement in operation. The experiment demonstrates the effectiveness of the scheme, and a line beam with a uniformity of up to 92% has been achieved.     

激光通道传输热特性对远场光束质量的影响

 通过仿真计算分析了激光在光束控制系统通道内传输所产生的热效应及其对远场光束质量的影响。激光传播由近轴波方程描述，用快速傅里叶变换技术求解；激光热效应引起的流场密度变化采用完全Navier-Stokes方程计算。计算给出了不同波长、不同吸收系数条件下的远场光斑情况。计算结果表明，在典型的工作条件和状态下，较高能量激光在光束控制系统通道内产生的热效应影响不容忽视，它会明显降低远场目标处的能量集中度，增大光斑的发散。     

非稳腔输出环状激光束的传输特性

本文从菲涅耳衍射积分公式出发研究了激光器非稳腔输出环状光束在空间的传输规律.由轴上光强的极值点位置给出了划分非稳腔传输空间的近场、中场和远场区域公式.理论计算结果表明,非稳腔输出端环状光束在中场区域激光能量逐渐向轴心方向转移,而在远场变为爱里型圆盘状光束的过程.在非稳腔脉冲TEA CO_2激光器上测得的实验结果与理论计算结果很好地符合.     

Anomalous variation of thermal lens signal with concentration from rhodamine B in methanol solution

Thermal lens signals in solutions of rhodamine B laser dye in methanol are measured using the dual beam pump-probe technique. The nature of variations of signal strength with concentration is found to be different for 514 and 488 nm Ar⁺ laser excitations. However, both the pump wavelengths produce an oscillatory type variation of thermal lens signal amplitude with the concentration of the dye solution. Probable reasons for this peculiar behaviour (which is absent in the case of fluorescent intensity) are mentioned.     

二极管双侧抽运横流连续液体激光系统性能模拟

为解决无机液体激光系统的热效应问题,采用激光二极管双侧抽运横向流动的Nd3 :POCl3:ZrCl4溶液以很好地减小热效应,实现液体激光系统高功率高光束质量输出。建立了液体激光理论模型,分析了工作参量对系统能量转换效率与介质热效应的影响;模拟了系统在不同吸收系数和不同流速下的能量转换效率,远场光斑分布以及激光束亮度分布。模拟结果表明:采用二极管作为抽运源可以获得很高的能量转换效率,而且光束质量较好;在给定抽运体积和抽运强度为800 W/cm2时,介质的吸收系数位于2.5~3.0 cm-1,流速约为25 m/s时,输出功率与光束质量实现最佳匹配,激光束亮度最高,系统性能达到最佳。     

Measurement of the structure coefficient of refractive index fluctuations in a turbulent premixed butane-air flame by means of a laser-based interferometer technique

With a view to measuring the structure coefficient of refractive index fluctuations in a turbulent premixed butane-air flame, a thin laser beam is sent into the flame perpendicular to the flow direction. The laser beam generally undergoes fluctuations of direction, phase, and amplitude. Only the random deflections of the laser beam may be taken into account. After having traversed the flame, the perturbed laser beam enters into an interferometric system. Materials and experimental procedure are described. In the unperturbed interference pattern, the zones only sensitive to fluctuations of the angle-of-arrival of the laser beam are detected. From the random displacements of the central bright fringe, the structure coefficient of refractive index fluctuations in the flame is measured. To prove that the method of measurement is satisfactory, the result obtained is applied for computing the power spectral density of the angle-of-arrival of the laser beam from the formula of correlations of the laser beam deflection angles which we have demonstrated in previous works. This computed power spectral density is compared to that measured from the effective position of the detector. A good agreement is observed between the two results.     

LBO晶体和频产生589 nm激光的数值模拟及实验研究

 基于非线性光学理论，分析了1 064 nm和1 319 nm和频产生589 nm激光源的理论基础。针对LBO晶体的I类相位匹配条件及最佳晶体长度的选择进行了计算机数值模拟，给出了最佳晶体长度与总入射功率的关系曲线。当波矢量与光轴夹角为90°，波矢量方位角为3.39°时，计算出相应的有效和频系数为0.952×10^-12 m/V。设计了一种简便高效的实验和频方案，二极管泵浦Nd:YAG激光器经腔镜镀膜及腔内可倾斜标准具调谐，分别输出了波长为1 064 nm和1 319 nm的准连续激光，然后通过脉冲同步调节，实现了589 nm黄光输出，平均功率达到500 mW，光束质量因子M2约2.1，和频效率18%。     

Self-Bending of a Laser Beam in Photorefractive Crystals with Variable Nonlinearity Coefficient

The self-bending of a laser beam in photorefractive crystal is considered in the case in which the coefficient of photorefractive diffusion nonlinearity changes along deflection path. The bent trajectory is calculated analytically and the obtained result is compared with those reported before.     

单光束扩束扫描激光周视探测系统参数对探测能力的影响

针对现有单光束激光同步扫描周视探测对脉冲重复频率要求较高,难以实际应用的问题,提出单光束扩束扫描激光周视探测方法.基于单光束扩束扫描激光周视探测工作原理,推导了最低扫描频率和脉冲频率解析式;分析了圆柱目标回波特性及关键参数截面衰减系数,建立了脉冲扩束激光圆柱目标回波功率数学模型,讨论了系统参数对截面衰减系数的影响,得到最大相邻脉冲光束夹角表达式;重点分析了脉冲频率、光束角和光束入射角对不同直径目标的探测能力的影响;得到了探测系统对典型条件下最大光束角、最低脉冲频率的计算方法.结果表明,对扫描光束稍加扩束可有效降低脉冲重复频率要求.研究结果可为单光束脉冲激光周视探测系统设计、优化提供理论依据.     

Unusual concentration-dependent microscopic dynamics of dendrimers in aqueous solution

Dendrimers are novel three-dimensional, hyperbranched globular nanopolymeric macromolecules. The nanoscopic size, narrow polydispersity index, excellent control over molecular structure, availability of multiple functional groups at the periphery, and cavities in the interior made them very attractive candidate for drug delivery. In this communication, we have studied the microscopic dynamics of tetra-acid and pentaerythritol glycidyl ether dendrimers dissolved in aqueous solution with different concentrations. The effects of concentration and temperature to their long-range diffusion process are investigated by dynamic light scattering. Experimental results show a huge variation in the translational diffusion coefficient for the two dendrimers samples. Besides, the dependence of diffusion coefficients on concentration is unusually different in these dendrimer samples. Although the diffusion process follows Arrhenius relation with the temperature in both systems, the activation energy for the diffusion process has a distinct concentration dependence.     

Experimental research on application of Hartmann micro-lens array in coherent beam combination of two-dimensional laser array

We demonstrate experimentally the application of a phase error detection method in the coherent beam combination (CBC) of a laser array. The method is based on the Hartmann micro-lens array. Both the piston and tilt errors can be detected and corrected simultaneously by combining this method with adaptive optics-correcting technology. The far-field intensity pattern of the combined beam has high energy concentration and good beam quality. The power encircled in the main lobe of the far-field pattern is 41.3%, and the contrast of the pattern reaches 81.8%. Experimental results show the great potential of the Hartmann phasing method for use in the CBC of a large number of laser beams.     

Study of the beat spectrum between modes of a gas laser with confocal resonator

The beat spectrum between modes of a gas laser having a resonator with a plane-and-sphere mirror system was studied. Intense beats were detected in the 0–1.5 Mc range. It is shown that the presence of low-frequency beats can be associated with the nonideality of the resonator. The intensity of the beats was found to depend on their spectral composition and on the degree of beam limiting. This effect is related to the presence of antiphase oscillation zones in the laser beam for azimuthal modes and to the variation of the interference pattern with time when the beam is limited in the focus of the objective.     

Lidar measurements of atmospheric backscattering amplification

Results of long-term continuous measurements of the atmospheric backscattering amplification coefficient on a 2-km-long near-ground path with the use of a two-channel micropulse lidar based on a waveguide laser are presented. It is shown that the backscattering amplification coefficient has a pronounced daily variation. In the night and in the afternoon, atmospheric backscattering amplification is maximal and the amplification coefficient can exceed 2. The amplification is low or absent in morning and evening hours at neutral temperature stratification in the near-ground layer of the atmosphere. The backscattering amplification coefficient increases with an increase in the structure constant of the air refracting index and variance of the image jitter of the illumination spot created by the probing laser beam on the wall of a 2-km-distant building.     

Sulfur diffusion into GaAs/Ga0.7Al0.3As heterostructures for device applications

0.7 Al_0.3As heterostructure layers grown by liquid phase epitaxy. GaS and As in a weight ratio of 2:1 were used as the diffusion sources. The source of GaS was carefully selected via X-ray diffraction analysis. Sulfur diffusion was carried out in a sealed quartz ampoule at a temperature of 820 °C and an arsenic pressure of 1 atmosphere. The carrier concentration profile from experimental results agrees well with the theoretical profile, which was calculated with the complementary error function solution assuming a segregation coefficient of m=1 at the hetero-junction interface. A smooth diffusion of sulfur was observed without any surface damage or hetero-interface defects. A double heterostructure laser was fabricated by employing sulfur diffusion. Cathode luminescence intensity analysis revealed that no damage was caused by sulfur diffusion at the active layer. Excellent characteristics such as a long life, a low threshold current, a fundamental transverse mode oscillation and a high modulation speed were obtained. Received: 1 June 1998/Accepted: 10 August 1998     

Analysis of oxide formation induced by UV laser coloration of stainless steel

Laser-induced coloration on metal surfaces has important applications in product identification, enhancing styles and aesthetics. The color generation is the result of controlled surface oxidation during laser beam interaction with the metal surfaces. In this study, we aim to obtain in-depth understanding of the oxide formation process when an UV laser beam interacts with stainless steel in air. The oxide layer is analysed by means of optical microscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometer (TOF-SIMS). TOF-SIMS results clearly show the formation of duplex oxide structures. The duplex structure includes an inner layer of Cr oxide solution and an outer layer of Fe oxide solution. The oxide layer thickness increased as the results of Fe diffusion to surface during multiple laser scanning passes.     

Direct Fabrication of Surface Relief Holographic Diffusers in Azobenzene Polymer Films

We propose a direct fabrication of light diffusers using azobenzene polymer films. Holographic recordings of surface relief diffusers are formed on the polymer film by exposure to an Nd:YAG laser (532 nm) through source diffusion materials. No post-treatment is needed, and it can be erased by heating or irradiating uniform laser beam. Diffusion pattern can be controlled by the polarization of the laser. Transmittance of over 88% is obtained at the wavelength of 633 nm.